Objective To have a systemic review of the association between relative ratio in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods A search in Medline and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was performed,and relevant English and Chinese-language articles about assessing AD with 1 H-MRS were identifed.The data of relative metabolic ratios (NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,mI/Cr ) from different brain regions (hippocampus,posterior cingulate gyrus,temporal lobe,parietal lobe,frontal lobe,occipital lobe) were extracted from the articles.The quality of the articles was evaluated according to the standard recommended by Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. The Meta-analysis was done with the Review Manager 4.2 to calculate pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI ),and linear correlation analysis between NAA/Cr ratio and mI/Cr ratio was done by SPSS 17.0.Results Thirty six articles (27 English articles,9 Chinese articles) were included. After heterogeneity test was done,fixed effects model or random effects model was selected. The meta-analysis showed that the NAA/Cr ratio in patients with AD was higher than that in controls ( WMD:-0.14,95％CI:-0.17 to -0.11 ).The mI/Cr ratio in patients with AD was lower than that in controls ( WMD:0.10,95％ CI:0.07 to 0.13 ).There were greatest changes in NAA/Cr ratio and mI/Cr ratio on the hippocampus ( WMD of NAA/Cr: - 0.27,95％ CI:- 0.36 to - 0.19 ; WMD of mI/Cr:0.21,95％ CI:0.10 to 0.33). There were also no differences between patients with AD and controls with respect to the Cho/Cr ratio (WMD:0.01,95％ CI:0.00 to 0.01,P ＞0.05). The NAA/Cr and mI/Cr changes are markedly correlated with each other in different brain regions ( r =0.947,P =0.004). Conclusion The hippocampus region is the first to present neuropathological changes in AD and the changes of NAA/Cr and MI/Cr might reflect the neurodegenerative process of AD.

OBJECTIVE:To screen the formulae of norfloxacin zinc(NF-Zn) suspended granules using uniform design METHODS:The uniform design with 5 levels and 4 factors was employed to screen five formulae of NF-Zn and sedimentation rate,granularity,dissolubility,moisture content and taste of these granules were evaluated and scored The total score of each formula was regressed with the 4 factors by computer RESULTS:The results of regression equation suggested that the optimum formula was NF-Zn 0 2g,CMS-Na 0 25g,2%PVP and manitol 0 55g in each packet CONCLUSION:It is effective and convenient to optimize the formula of NF-Zn granules by uniform design

Objective To explore the diagnosis value of CT-guide percutaneous biopsy in the pulmonary nodules.Methods A total of 101 cases of the pulmonary nodules with unknown causes who underwent Germany-made auto-spring-gun spiral CT-guide percutaneous pulmonary biopsy were studied.Results The accuracy of centesis was 100%.97 cases were succeeded in getting diagnosis,the diagnosis rate was 96.0%.Among them,there were 61 cases of lung cancer,4 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma,10 cases of metastatic carcinoma,16 cases of tuberculosis,6 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor.Pneumothorax occurred in 8 cases,hemoptysis occurred in 3 cases.The rate of complication was 10.9%.Conclusion CT-guide percutaneous biopsy to the pulmonary nodules is a safe and effective diagnostic means,which has a high diagnosis raze with few complication.

Objective To build a digitized 3D model of the pulmonary venous system of Chinese people for the purpose of providing anatomic information of the pulmonary venous system for anatomic teaching,imaging diagnosis and surgical operation of pulmonary diseases. Methods The primal images from the first Chinese visible human data set of chest were converted into image sequence only cantaining the sections of pulmonary veins after manual registration and image segmentation.Then these images were imported into 3DMed software to build a 3D model of the pulmonary venous system through threshold registration algorithm. Results The three dimensional structures of the pulmonary venous system were reconstructed entirely.All reconstructed structures could be displayed individually or jointly,and could be rotated continuously on any plane.Conclusion The branches and the spacial characters of the pulmonary venous system can be clearly shown on the reconstructed 3D model.It will help anatomy teaching and provide morphological data for image diagnosis and lung operations.

AIM:To study the effects and mechanisms of ethanol on chloride channels in poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells.METHODS:The effect of ethanol on the cell growth was analyzed by MTT as-say.The technique of whole-cell patch-clamp was used to detect the chloride current .The characteristics of the chloride current were analyzed by using the chloride channel blockers .The siRNA technique was used to analyze the molecular basis of the ethanol-sensitive chloride channels .RESULTS: Under isotonic conditions , the background current was weak and stable.Ethanol at concentrations of 0.17~170 mmol/L activated a chloride current in a concentration-dependent manner (an inverted U-shape), with a maximum effect at the concentration of 17 mmol/L.The currents showed obviously outward rectification and were susceptible to extracellular hypertonicity and the chloride channel blocker , 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropyl-amino) benzoic acid ( NPPB) .ClC-3 siRNA obviously decreased the currents activated by ethanol .CONCLUSION:Ex-tracellular ethanol induces chloride currents through activating the ClC-3 chloride channels .

There is a close relationship between the Wnt signaling and neurogenesis/angiogenesis, which is significant in the regulation of the brain plasticity. Investigations on the mechanism of Wnt signaling in neurogenesis and angiogenesis are under way, and these investigations contribute to the recognition of the restoration and regeneration after the brain injury.

Measuring the content of soluble reducing sugar, total sugar, soluble protein, guanosine, alkaloids, and succinic acid of Pinellia ternata tuber were measured by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method, Coomassie brilliant blue method, RP-HPLC, reverse potentiometric titration, acid dye colorimetry, respectively. The result showed that yellow light could promote the growth and development of P. ternata and increase the content of soluble reducing sugar, total sugar, alkaloids, and succinic acid. Under blue light could promote the content of soluble protein and guanosine. Red and yellow light increased the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, contrastively blue light reduced the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. White film through the most uniform spectrum was most conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a. As single film, blue film, yellow film were more conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a, green film and red film had been relatively beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Bulbil formed the largest number and the biggest propagation coefficient of P. ternata under red light showed that it could increase the production of P. ternata under red light.
Carbohydrate Metabolism ; radiation effects ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Light ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Solubility

sfection could promote the expression of integrin α3β1/α6β1. The mechanism of regulating integrin α3β1/α6β1 may lie in allosterism of an extracellullar CDI51 site (QRD194-196) and C -terminal Ves. transportation target motif(YRSL245-248).

This study is to establish a simple and practical co-culture method of cortical neurons and astrocytes of rats. The cortex of the new-born SD rats was digested by 0.125% pancreatic enzyme, and the differential adherence was applied to obtain the mixed cell suspension of neurons and astrocytes. A low concentration of cytarabine was used to inhibit the astrocytes in a moderate way to get neuronal and astrocyte co-culture. The morphological characteristics of the cells in different times were observed under the inverted microscope. The cells began to adhere the wall 2 h after the inoculation. Neurons and astrocytes grew in a good condition under the inverted microscope 9 days after the inoculation. The results of the immunofluorescence staining and Rosenfeld's staining indicated that the co-culture of neurons and astrocytes was successful and the ratio of neurons and astrocytes was close to 1:1. A new neurons and astrocytes co-culture method, which is simple and convenient, was successfully established. It will be an efficient method for the related researches about neuronal and astrocyte co-culture in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the role of adenosine A1 receptors in hippocampal neurons in the cognitive dysfunction caused by isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice.Methods Sixteen male adenosine A1 receptor gene knockout homozygote mice (gene knockout mice) and 16 male wild-type mice,aged 18-22 months,weighing 27-32 g,were studied.Each type of mice was randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and isoflurane anesthesia group (group Ⅰ).Mice inhaled 1.4％ isoflurane in 100％ O2 for 2 h in group Ⅰ,and 100％ O2 for 2 h in group C.All the mice underwent Morris water maze test at 24 h after isoflurane or O2 inhalation.After the test,the mice were sacrificed and the hippocampal tissues were harvested to determine the number of β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) plaques (using immunohistochemistry) and expression of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein,and 2B subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NR2B) (by Western blot analysis).Results Compared with group C of wild type mice,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the number of Aβ1-42 plaques was enlarged,the expression of p-tau protein was up-regulated,and the expression of N R2B was down-regulated in group Ⅰ of wild type mice.Compared with group Ⅰ of wild type mice,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the number of Aβ1-42 plaques was decreased,the expression of p-tau protein was down-regulated,and the expression of NR2B was up-regulated in group Ⅰ of gene knockout mice.There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group Ⅰ and group C of gene knockout mice.Conclusion Adenosine A1 receptors in hippocampal neurons mediate isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice,and the mechanism may be related to promotion of deposition of Aβ,phosphorylation of tau protein and inhibition of activities of NR2B.