OBJECTIVE:To screen the formulae of norfloxacin zinc(NF-Zn) suspended granules using uniform design METHODS:The uniform design with 5 levels and 4 factors was employed to screen five formulae of NF-Zn and sedimentation rate,granularity,dissolubility,moisture content and taste of these granules were evaluated and scored The total score of each formula was regressed with the 4 factors by computer RESULTS:The results of regression equation suggested that the optimum formula was NF-Zn 0 2g,CMS-Na 0 25g,2%PVP and manitol 0 55g in each packet CONCLUSION:It is effective and convenient to optimize the formula of NF-Zn granules by uniform design

Objective To have a systemic review of the association between relative ratio in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods A search in Medline and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was performed,and relevant English and Chinese-language articles about assessing AD with 1 H-MRS were identifed.The data of relative metabolic ratios (NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,mI/Cr ) from different brain regions (hippocampus,posterior cingulate gyrus,temporal lobe,parietal lobe,frontal lobe,occipital lobe) were extracted from the articles.The quality of the articles was evaluated according to the standard recommended by Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. The Meta-analysis was done with the Review Manager 4.2 to calculate pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI ),and linear correlation analysis between NAA/Cr ratio and mI/Cr ratio was done by SPSS 17.0.Results Thirty six articles (27 English articles,9 Chinese articles) were included. After heterogeneity test was done,fixed effects model or random effects model was selected. The meta-analysis showed that the NAA/Cr ratio in patients with AD was higher than that in controls ( WMD:-0.14,95％CI:-0.17 to -0.11 ).The mI/Cr ratio in patients with AD was lower than that in controls ( WMD:0.10,95％ CI:0.07 to 0.13 ).There were greatest changes in NAA/Cr ratio and mI/Cr ratio on the hippocampus ( WMD of NAA/Cr: - 0.27,95％ CI:- 0.36 to - 0.19 ; WMD of mI/Cr:0.21,95％ CI:0.10 to 0.33). There were also no differences between patients with AD and controls with respect to the Cho/Cr ratio (WMD:0.01,95％ CI:0.00 to 0.01,P ＞0.05). The NAA/Cr and mI/Cr changes are markedly correlated with each other in different brain regions ( r =0.947,P =0.004). Conclusion The hippocampus region is the first to present neuropathological changes in AD and the changes of NAA/Cr and MI/Cr might reflect the neurodegenerative process of AD.

Objective To explore the diagnosis value of CT-guide percutaneous biopsy in the pulmonary nodules.Methods A total of 101 cases of the pulmonary nodules with unknown causes who underwent Germany-made auto-spring-gun spiral CT-guide percutaneous pulmonary biopsy were studied.Results The accuracy of centesis was 100%.97 cases were succeeded in getting diagnosis,the diagnosis rate was 96.0%.Among them,there were 61 cases of lung cancer,4 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma,10 cases of metastatic carcinoma,16 cases of tuberculosis,6 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor.Pneumothorax occurred in 8 cases,hemoptysis occurred in 3 cases.The rate of complication was 10.9%.Conclusion CT-guide percutaneous biopsy to the pulmonary nodules is a safe and effective diagnostic means,which has a high diagnosis raze with few complication.

Objective To build a digitized 3D model of the pulmonary venous system of Chinese people for the purpose of providing anatomic information of the pulmonary venous system for anatomic teaching,imaging diagnosis and surgical operation of pulmonary diseases. Methods The primal images from the first Chinese visible human data set of chest were converted into image sequence only cantaining the sections of pulmonary veins after manual registration and image segmentation.Then these images were imported into 3DMed software to build a 3D model of the pulmonary venous system through threshold registration algorithm. Results The three dimensional structures of the pulmonary venous system were reconstructed entirely.All reconstructed structures could be displayed individually or jointly,and could be rotated continuously on any plane.Conclusion The branches and the spacial characters of the pulmonary venous system can be clearly shown on the reconstructed 3D model.It will help anatomy teaching and provide morphological data for image diagnosis and lung operations.

AIM:To study the effects and mechanisms of ethanol on chloride channels in poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells.METHODS:The effect of ethanol on the cell growth was analyzed by MTT as-say.The technique of whole-cell patch-clamp was used to detect the chloride current .The characteristics of the chloride current were analyzed by using the chloride channel blockers .The siRNA technique was used to analyze the molecular basis of the ethanol-sensitive chloride channels .RESULTS: Under isotonic conditions , the background current was weak and stable.Ethanol at concentrations of 0.17~170 mmol/L activated a chloride current in a concentration-dependent manner (an inverted U-shape), with a maximum effect at the concentration of 17 mmol/L.The currents showed obviously outward rectification and were susceptible to extracellular hypertonicity and the chloride channel blocker , 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropyl-amino) benzoic acid ( NPPB) .ClC-3 siRNA obviously decreased the currents activated by ethanol .CONCLUSION:Ex-tracellular ethanol induces chloride currents through activating the ClC-3 chloride channels .

There is a close relationship between the Wnt signaling and neurogenesis/angiogenesis, which is significant in the regulation of the brain plasticity. Investigations on the mechanism of Wnt signaling in neurogenesis and angiogenesis are under way, and these investigations contribute to the recognition of the restoration and regeneration after the brain injury.

This study is to establish a simple and practical co-culture method of cortical neurons and astrocytes of rats. The cortex of the new-born SD rats was digested by 0.125% pancreatic enzyme, and the differential adherence was applied to obtain the mixed cell suspension of neurons and astrocytes. A low concentration of cytarabine was used to inhibit the astrocytes in a moderate way to get neuronal and astrocyte co-culture. The morphological characteristics of the cells in different times were observed under the inverted microscope. The cells began to adhere the wall 2 h after the inoculation. Neurons and astrocytes grew in a good condition under the inverted microscope 9 days after the inoculation. The results of the immunofluorescence staining and Rosenfeld's staining indicated that the co-culture of neurons and astrocytes was successful and the ratio of neurons and astrocytes was close to 1:1. A new neurons and astrocytes co-culture method, which is simple and convenient, was successfully established. It will be an efficient method for the related researches about neuronal and astrocyte co-culture in vitro.

To obtain chemical constituent information of rat plasma after oral administration of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction (HLJDD), a LC-FT-ICR-MS method has been established, and both positive and negative ions scan modes were include in the analysis. By comparing their retention time, high resolution mass data of HLJDD extracts, blank plasma and dosed plasma, 38 constituents, including 22 prototype compounds and 16 metabolites, were detected in rat plasma after oral administration of HLJDD. In the 22 prototype compounds, 16 constituents were determined unambiguously by comparing with references. In the analysis of metabolites, phase II reactions like glucuronidation and sulfation were the major biotransformation pathways of HLJDD. M11 was observed as the only phase I metabolite in present experiment. The results will be beneficial for the further pharmacokinetics and pharmacological evaluations of HLJDD.
Administration, Oral ; Alkaloids ; blood ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; blood ; Iridoids ; blood ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

BACKGROUND: The patients with severe spleen rupture can save their spleen functions by auto-transplantation of the spleen tissues in the greater omentum. Whether the transplanted spleen tissues are regulated by nerves or not is still unclear. The growth associated protein, GAP-43, is a specific protein of the nervous system, and by testing the GAP-43 in the transplanted spleen tissues, nerve regeneration can be understood.OBJECTIVE: To study the mRNA expression of the GAP-43 in the regenerated spleen tissues at different phases after the auto-transplantation of the spleen tissues, and to find the regeneration regularity of the GAP-43 + nerves in the auto-transplanted spleen tissues.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled experiment SETTING: A teaching and research office of the surgical applied anatomy and operative surgery department in a university MATERIALS: The study was done in the Surgical Applied Anatomy and Operative Surgery Department of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 2002 to July 2003. A total of 120 Wistar mice were chosen. The mice were randomly divided into the experiment group and pseudo-operation group(control group) to make animal models. After the operation, mice of the two groups were fed under the same circumstances. The spleen tissues were respectively taken at the 15th, 30th, 60th,90th, 120th and 180th days after the operation for the study.METHODS: The general RNA was extracted from the tissues using the Tripure agent by the routine method. The general RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using the M-MLV reverse transcription kit. The mRNA of the GAP-43 was quantitatively measured using the gel pattern analysis.tern analysis.RESULTS: Totally 30 days after the transplantation of the spleen tissues, the mRNA of the GAP-43 was found to be expressed in the auto-transplanted spleen tissues. Ninety days after the operation, the expression reached the peak level. Totally 120 to 180 days after the operation the amount of the mRNA of the GAP-43 in the transplanted spleen tissues gradually got close to that in the normal spleen tissues.CONCLUSION: The expression of mRNA of the GAP-43 in the auto-transplanted spleen tissues suggests the regeneration of the nervous fiber in the transplanted spleen tissues.

sfection could promote the expression of integrin α3β1/α6β1. The mechanism of regulating integrin α3β1/α6β1 may lie in allosterism of an extracellullar CDI51 site (QRD194-196) and C -terminal Ves. transportation target motif(YRSL245-248).