Objective To study the relationship between osteopontin (OPN) gene expression and the development and metastasis of esophageal cancer, and explore the effect of growth inhibitory of artesunate (Art) on regulating the expression of OPN in esophageal carcinoma cells.Methods The expressions of OPN gene and protein were detected in normal esophageal tissue (24 cases), esophageal dysplasia (21 cases) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue (45 cases) byin situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and the relationships between the OPN gene and protein expressions and the pathological features were analyzed with SAS software. After intervention with different concentrations of Art (0, 30, 60, 120mol/L) on ESCC Eca109 cells for 24h, the levels of OPN expression and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry.Results The expression levels of OPN gene and protein were significantly higher in esophageal cancer tissues than in esophageal dysplasia and normal esophageal tissue (P<0.01), and in esophageal dysplasia than in normal esophageal tissue (P<0.05). The expression levels of OPN gene and protein in esophageal cancer tissues showed no relations with patients' gender, age and the degree of tumor differentiation (P>0.05), but showed a positive correlation with lymph node metastasis and the invasion depth of esophageal cancer (P<0.05). After treatment by Art for 24h, the proliferation index of Eca109 cells and the expression of OPN protein decreased significantly (P<0.01) in a concentration dependent manner.Conclusions The abnormal high expression of OPN gene may participate in the occurrence, invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer, so can be used as an objective index of metastasis for esophageal cancer. Art inhibits the growth of esophageal carcinoma cells by down-regulating the expression of OPN protein.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyspepsia and the relationship between dyspepsia,psychological and social factors among the college students in Naning city,and to improve the prevention and treatment of dyspepsia in this region.Methods Rome Ⅲ diagnostic questionnaire for adult dyspepsia,Chinese college student mental health scale (CCSMHS),Chinese college student psychological stress scale (CCSPSS),Chinese college student adaptation scale (CCSAS) and Chinese college student personality scale (CCSPS) were performed through interview survey in 2 580 Nanning college students.Chi square test and rank sum test were used to compared differences between groups.Correlation analysis was performed by Pearson correlation and Logisitic regression analysis.Results A total of 2 520 qualified Rome m questionnaires were recovered.The prevalence of dyspepsia in Nanning college students was 5.36％(135/2 520).The most common appearance of dyspepsia in college students were dislike of drinking tea (86.96％(100/115) vs 79.10％(1 605/2 029)),dislike of pickled food (85.22％(98/115) vs 76.29％(1 548/2 029)) and missing meals (40.87％(47/115) vs 30.31％(615/2 029)),the differences were statistically significant (x2 =4.122,4.860,5.685;all P＜0.05),while the dyspepsia was not related with drinking,smoking and taking raw,cold or spicy food (all P＞0.05).The results of multifactor regression analysis showed that the prevalence of dyspepsia was not correlated with diet.Among the twelve dimensions of psychological health,the somatization,anxiety,depression,low self-esteem,social withdrawal,sexual psychology,paranoia,force,dependency,psychotic tendencies of dyspepsia group were significantly higher than those with non-dyspepsia group (x2 =16.981,21.805,12.520,13.539,6.998,6.154,15.013,9.457,10.715,4.260,all P＜0.05).Among the seven dimensions of psychological stress,study pressure and development pressure were negative life events,and their of dyspepsia group were significantly higher than those with non-dyspepsia group (x2 =6.216,Fisher exact probability test,both P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in the seven personality,such as active,outgoing,tenacity,rigorous,altruism,affectionate and easy-going (all P＞0.05).Among the seven dimensions of adaptation,the adaptation to campus life,emotion and career choice of dyspepsia group were significantly lower than those with non-dyspepsia group (x2 =8.223,8.148,5.713,all P＜0.05).While there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in the other four dimensions of adaption,such as relationships,learning,ego and satisfaction (all P＞0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis in psychological health,stress and adaption of dyspepsia group and non-dyspepsia group indicated that dyspepsia was associated with somatization (odds ration (OR) =1.610,95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.012-2.559),anxiety (OR=1.955,95％CI 1.216-3.142) and the study pressure (OR=2.159,95％CI 1.106-4.213).The results of Pearson correlation analysis in study pressure,somatization and anxiety of dyspepsia group showed that both somatization and anxiety were correlated with study stress in dyspepsia group (r=0.314,0.323;both P＜0.05).Conclusions Dyspepsia is a common symptom in Nanning college students.Students with dyspepsia have different degrees of psychological problems which are mostly anxiety and somatization.And study stress as a negative event is the major stress factor.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of lycopene against cryopreservation injury of post-thawing human sperm and its mechanism.

METHODSSemen samples were collected from 25 volunteers, each sample equally divided into four parts to be cryopreserved with cryoprotectant only (Ly0 control) or cryoprotectant + lycopene at the concentrations of 2 (Ly2), 5 (Ly5), and 10 µmol/L (Ly10), respectively. Before and after thawing, the semen samples were subjected to computer-assisted semen analysis ( CASA) for sperm kinematics, flow cytometry for sperm apoptosis, thiobarbituric acid assay for malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and JC-1 fluorescent staining for the sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).

RESULTSAfter cryopreservation, sperm motility was markedly decreased in all the groups (P < 0.01). The rate of sperm apoptosis was significantly lower in the Ly5 group than in the Ly0 control ([25.68 ± 4.36]% vs [33.26 ± 4.78]%, P < 0.05), while sperm MMP remarkably higher in the former than in the latter ([66.18 ± 14.23]% vs [55.24 ± 12.31]%, P < 0.05). The Ly2, Ly5 and Ly10 groups showed no statistically significance differences in the MDA level from the Ly0 control (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAddition of lycopene at a proper concentration to cryoprotectant may reduce oxidative damage to sperm mitochondria in the freezing-thawing process, attenuate oxidative stress injury induced by reactive oxygen species to sperm plasma membrane, and improve the anti-apoptosis ability of sperm.

Apoptosis ; Carotenoids ; pharmacology ; Cryopreservation ; Cryoprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Semen Analysis ; Semen Preservation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo observe the change of the muscular fiber phynotype at different condition of nerve injury.

METHODSRabbits were used as an animal model in this study. The trigeminus and facial nerves of the animal were simultaneously severed (group 1) or only the latter was severed (group 2). The morphologic change of the muscular fibers was observed with histochemical methods; the tension of contraction and the threshold value of electrical stimulation were observed with electrical physiological methods.

RESULTSTrigeminus nerve play an important role in delaying muscular atrophy after facial nerve was severed. The atrophy degree of type II a and II b muscular fibers was less in group 2 than that in group 1. The change of type 1 muscular fibers was not affected by trigeminus nerve. New muscular fibers emerged in group 2. The tension of contraction and the threshold value of electrical stimulation were better in group 2 than that of in group 1.

CONCLUSIONSSensory nerve could delay muscle atrophy after denervation. Sensory nerve should be repaired simultaneously when the motor nerve was sutured. The results of this study would facilitate clinical treatment for facial palsy.

Animals ; Denervation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Nerve Diseases ; pathology ; Female ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; pathology ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch ; pathology ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo assess the level of language understanding and expression of healthy children aged from 8 to 16 months in urban Beijing and to investigate the children's physical and psychological development conditions and social and economic status of children's family as to identifying the related factors to children's language development and providing a basis for instructing parents child-rearing and promoting early children language development.

METHODSA quantitative Cross-sectional Study was made. The parents or care givers of 636 healthy young children, randomly stratified and selected in two districts in Beijing were interviewed. T-test was used to compare the scores of language understanding and expression between boys and girls in the same age. Single and multiple factors analysis were used so as to find out the related factors.

RESULTSFor boys, the average scores of language were respectively 115.0 for 8 months, 243.0 for 12 months and 410.6 for 16 months; for girls the average scores were respectively 109.9 for 8 months, 286.4 for 12 months and 456.2 for 16 months. The average score of language understanding of boys was higher than that of girls only in the 11 month group. The average scores of language expression of girls were higher than those of boys in 11, 12, 14, 15 month groups. Multiple factors analysis showed that parent-child book reading, parent-child tape listening, higher education level of grandmothers, children' extroversion personality, child being able to speak one word and children's age were positively related to the children' language score.

CONCLUSIONProviding rich language environment should be helpful to early children's language development.

China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Development ; Male ; Reading ; Speech ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To investigate the relationship between expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pathological grading of meningiomas. Methods Seventy-six specimens of meningiomas, performed resection in our hospital from January 1995 to August 2010, were chosen, in which, 40 were of WHO grade Ⅰ, 24 of WHO grade Ⅱ, and 12 of WHO grade Ⅲ. The expressions of mTOR and VEGF were immunohistochemically studied with SABC method. Results The protein expressions of mTOR and VEGF mainly located in cytoplasm of meningioma cells, and these proteins were granular materials colored from pale yellow to dark yellow. The expressions of mTOR and VEGF were significantly different among meningiomas of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05);the expressions of mTOR and VEGF had a positive correlation (r=0.440, P=0.000). Conclusion The expressions of mTOR and VEGF are positively correlated with the tumor grades.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of creating a 3D-CAD model of craniofacial prostheses through mirror technique to repair the unilateral craniofacial defects and restore craniofacial symmetry.

METHODSPatients with unilateral craniofacial defects underwent spiral CT scanning. CAD3-D image was reconstructed ad 3-D CAD model of craniofacial prosthesis was created with mirror technique, Boolean operation and rapid prototyping technique. Then the prosthesis made of bioactive artificial bone was made through plaster cavity block.

RESULTS15 cases were treated with no complications. Good symmetry was achieved after operation.

CONCLUSIONSDesigning the craniofacial prosthesis with mirror technique guarantees excellent functional and cosmetic results for repairing the unilateral craniofacial defects.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Computer-Aided Design ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Design ; methods ; Skull ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the result of zygomatic reduction with midface L-shaped osteotomy through intraoral approach.

METHODSFrom June 2006 to Aug. 2009, 67 cases received zygomatic reduction with midface L-shaped osteotomy through intraoral approach. 52 cases underwent CT scan before operation and 12 months after operation. The images were analyzed by software GE AW 4.1 for evaluation of clinical effect, maxillary sinus change and complication. SAS 6.12 software was applied for one-way ANOVA.

RESULTSSatisfactory results were achieved in all the patients. The volume of maxillary sinus at left and right side was (21233.96 +/- 4455.04) mm3, and (22020.64 +/- 3663.82) mm3, respectively before operation: (17840.91 +/- 4381.03) mm3 and (18511.85 +/- 3466.24) mm3 respectively 12 months after operation, showing a significant difference between them (P<0.05). No infection or dental pulp necrosis happened.

CONCLUSIONSGood results can be achieved with intraoral L-shaped osteotomy for zygomatic reduction. Exposure of maxillary sinus would not cause any complication.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Osteotomy, Le Fort ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEMany researchers have conducted studies on child language development and relevant risk factors, but most of these studies were about English-speaking children and few of them were on Chinese-speaking children, and less reports of studies on language development of infants or toddlers are available as compared to those on children above 3 years of age. The objective of this study was to assess the level of vocabulary development of healthy toddlers in urban Beijing and to investigate toddlers' physical and psychological development and socioeconomic status of toddlers' family so as to identify factors related to toddlers' language development and provide basis for instructing parents child-rearing.

METHODThis is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Using Chinese Communicative Development Inventory mandarin version, (CCDI) and related background questionnaire, a survey was conducted among the parents or care givers of 1056 healthy toddlers (16 approximately 30 months), randomly stratified and selected from two areas of four urban districts in Beijing. The children who were born prematurely, who had low birth weight, or who were deaf, dumb or with disability, were excluded from this study. The mothers who were deaf, dumb or having disability were not included in this study, either. Rank sum test was used to compare the vocabulary scores between boys and girls at the same age. Single and multiple factors analysis were used to find related factors.

RESULTSBy 16 months of age, boys could speak about 22 words and girls 84 words on the CCDI. By 29 - 30 months of age, boys could speak about 725 words and girls 752 words on the CCDI. The level of vocabulary development of healthy toddlers in urban Beijing was higher than that reported in previous studies of English-speaking children. Girls had higher vocabulary scores than boys in a few different age groups. Single factor analysis showed that the ages of father and mother, income of father, the language used by care-givers and GDP of the families were factors related to families of toddlers and the age, gender, height, weight and the age at which the toddlers began to speak were factors related to individuals. Multiple factors analysis showed that higher education level of mothers, younger father, earlier beginning of children to speak, toddlers' amiable disposition and emotion, girls, toddlers' age and height positively correlated with toddlers' vocabulary score.

CONCLUSIONThe level of vocabulary development of healthy toddlers in urban Beijing is on the high side. Certain individual and familial factors may influence toddlers' language development. It is suggested that health workers should pay attention to the toddlers' language development. The toddlers' parents and caregivers should be taught how to interact with and talk to their children and how to promote children to develop healthy disposition and emotion.

Child Development ; Child Language ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Development ; Male ; Probability ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Urban Population ; Vocabulary

OBJECTIVETo investigate a novel method to differentiate hemangioma from vascular malformation, to stage hemangiomas and to monitor the efficacy of management for hemangioma.

METHODSThe urinary basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) concentration of 144 cases (including 69 cases of proliferating hemangiomas, 41 cases of involuting hemangiomas, 23 cases of vascular malformations and 11 negative controls) was examined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSThe differences of urinary bFGF concentration among proliferating hemangiomas, involuting hemangiomas, vascular malformations and negative control were all significant, while the differences between the latter three groups were not significant.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that examination of urinary bFGF concentration using ELISA technique is helpful in differentiating hemangioma from vascular malformation, staging hemangiomas and dynamically monitoring the efficacy of treatment for hemangiomas. Our results probably shed new light on the potential pathogenesis of hemangiomas and vascular malformation.

Arteriovenous Malformations ; diagnosis ; urine ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; urine ; Hemangioma ; diagnosis ; urine ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn