Objective To investigate differences between Han and Uyghur children in dyslexia prevalence and potential environmental risk factors as well as to provide diagnosis and treatment evidence for dyslexia children . Methods We used cluster sampling to recruit 2 854 students in grades 3~6 from five Uyghur -Chinese bilingual primary schools in Xinjiang province .The children with dyslexia were selected step by step according to the defini‐tion of ICD-10 and DSM -IV .The children with DD and children without DD were selected and compared by 1∶1 of the same class ,ages and genders .Then single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to as‐sess children'environmental risk factors .Results In total ,2 438 effective quostionnaires have been got .The difference between Han (3 .89% ) and Uyghur (7 .05% ) dyslexia prevalence was statistically significant .The factor analysis revealed that educational grades ,family income ,father's and mother's occupations ,and their education levels as well as some home literacy environmental factors were significantly different for the two groups of children with dyslexia (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The prevalence of dyslexia was high in both groups ,and especially for Uyghur children . Some environmental factors may be responsible for the differences noted ,especially for the occupation of mother .

Objective To observe the efficacy and adverse reaction of raltitrexed combined with irino-tecan as first-line chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer.Methods From January 201 4 to March 201 5,39 patients of recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer who received treatment in the First People′s Hospital of Zhangjiagang of Jiangsu Province were collected.All patients received raltitrexed (3.0 mg/m2 , 1 5 min intravenous drip)on the first day and irinotecan (1 80.0 mg/m2 ,90 min intravenous drip)on the first day.One cycle lasted 21 days.The efficacies were evaluated every 2-cycle.Adverse reactions were evaluated every cycle.Results The efficacies and adverse reactions could be evaluated in 39 patients.The study received 0 complete remission,1 6 partial remission,1 1 stable disease,1 2 progression disease.The objective response rate was 41 .03% (1 6 /39).The disease control rate was 69.23% (27 /39).The median overall sur-vival time was 9.3 months (95%CI:8.8-1 1 .1 months).The median progression-free survival time was 6.0 months (95%CI:5.1 -6.8 months).The adverse reactions were mainly neutropenia,anemia,liver dysfunc-tion,the incidence of them were 35.90%,33.33% and 28.21 % respectively.Conlusion Raltitrexed com-bined with irinotecan as first-line chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer acquires an definite efficacy,and the adverse reactions can be tolerated,which is worthy of further clinical research.

Using the cyclodextrin bonded polysiloxane (bikis〔（2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-hex-6-O-enyl)-pentakis(2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrm-polysiloxane〕) as gas chromatographic stationary phase, α-hydroxy acetones were separated and the values of the enantiomeric excess(e.e) of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone were determined. The results showed that the high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) using the chiral gas chromatographic stationary phase could determine the productive rate of the asymmetric hydrogenaton reaction and evaluate the enantoselectivity of the catalyst system.

Objective To explore the relationship between the rs18004197 polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and colorectal cancer susceptibility.Methods Firstly,we collected the peripheral venous blood of 573 colorectal cancer cases and 588 controls,and then extracted DNA from blood samples,genotyped rs1804197 polymorphism using real-time PCR and assessed its association with the susceptibility of colorectal cancer.Results There were 387 CC (67.5％),153 AC (26.7％) and 33 AA (5.8％) genotypes in the colorectal cancer cases.In the control group,there were 427 CC (72.6％),144 AC (24.5％) and 17 AA (2.9％) genotypes.The AA genotype odds ratio (OR =2.14,95％ CI:1.17-3.91,P =0.011) and the A allele frequency (P =0.011) were significant difference in case and control groups.Further subgroup analysis showed that the differences of the frequency distribution in the male (P =0.048) and non-drinking (P =0.020) groups were statistically significant.In the male group,the risk of colorectal cancer was increased by 0.41 (OR =1.41,95％ CI:1.01-1.98) for individuals bearing the A allele.In the non-drinking group,the risk of colorectal cancer was increased by 0.22 (OR =1.22,95％ CI:0.91-1.64) for individuals bearing the A allele,but the result was not statistically significant.Conclusion The rs18004197 polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of APC gene is related to the susceptibility of colorectal cancer.The AA genotype may increase the susceptibility of colorectal cancer.

To summarize the clinical characters of optic neuritis caused by antituberculosis drugs, and to discuss the prevention countermeasures.
● METHODS: The clinical characters of optic neuritis caused by antituberculosis drugs among those outpatients and ward patients from January 2003 to January 2013 were reviewed and analyzed.
● RESULTS: Optic neuritis caused by antituberculosis drugs was rare ( 17 / 60000 ), while retrobulbar neuritis was common. The drugs inducing optical neuritis were mainly ethambutol, followed by isoniazid and streptomycin. The vision of patients would have different degrees of improvement via the following treatment after specific diagnosis, i. e. , timely stopping the tuberculosis medicine associated with optic neuritis, and taking vitamin supplements, dilating blood vessels and applying hormone therapy according to the illness.
●CONCLUSlON: We should pay attention to the change of the vision of patients during the usage of antituberculosis drugs. ln the case of sudden eyesight deterioration, ophthalmology examination and timely treatment are advised preventing blindness.

Objective:To evaluate the endothelial functions and autoregulation capacity of cerebral blood flow in patients with Fabry disease .Methods:Brachial artery vasodilation was assessed in 8 pa-tients with Fabry disease and 14 healthy controls by means of flow-mediated dilation ( FMD) and Nitro-glycerin-mediated dilation ( NMD) .Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated in terms of breath-holding index ( BHI) and vascular motor reactivity ( VMR) by TCD-CO2 test in 4 patients and 14 healthy con-trols.Results:Compared with the controls , brachial artery vasodilation experiment showed no difference (the patients:FMD 15.94%±5.03% and NMD 23.92%±7.23%, the controls: FMD 14.57%± 5 .84% and NMD 22 .64%±6 .96%) , there was no relationship between FMD or NMD and the age , course of disease , MSSI or enzyme activity .In respect of cerebrovascular autoregulation capacity , there was no difference in anterior circulation , while cerebrovascular reactivity tended to be impaired in posteri-or circulation .Conclusion:Endothelial function showed no decline in patients with Fabry disease , but cerebrovascular autoregulation capacity tended to be impaired in posterior circulation .

Objective To analyze membrane attack complex (MAC) expression in different types of idiopathic inflammtory myopathy (IIM).Methods We enrolled 57 cases of dermatomyositis (DM) , 37 cases of polymyositis (PM) ,9 cases of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and 15 cases of autoimmune necrotizing myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies (SRP-ANM) in Department of Neurology at Peking University First Hospital from 2011 to 2014, and used x2 test or Fisher exact test to analyze MAC expression in muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries respectively.Results The total MAC expression in DM, PM, sIBM and SRP-ANM was 75.4％ (43/57), 86.5％ (32/37), 4/9 and 13/15 respectively.The MAC expression in muscle fibers was 50.9％ (29/57), 81.1％ (30/37) , 3/9 and 13/15 respectively.The MAC expression in endomysial capillaries was 49.1％ (28/57) , 24.3％ (9/37) , 1/9 and 6/15 respectively.The MAC expression in muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries of sIBM was less than other types of IIM.The MAC expression in muscle fibers of PM and SRP-ANM was higher than DM and sIBM, but there was no statistically significant difference between PM and SRP-ANM.The MAC expression in endomysial capillaries of DM and SRP-ANM was higher than PM and sIBM, while there was no statistically significant difference between DM and SRP-ANM (x2 =0.397, P =0.574).The MAC expression in four types of IIM had regional distribution, of which 11.6％ (5/43) of DM showed bundle distribution.Conclusion There are differences in the damage of MAC in various types of IIM, the damage of MAC in SRP-ANM indicated the pattern of both DM and PM.

Objective To report the clinical and peripheral neuropathological findings in two patients with autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2K(AR-CMT2K).Methods Case one was a nine year-old girl.She had distal weakness of lower limbs for six years, with calf atrophy and contracture of Achilles tendon for three years.Case two was an eight year-old boy.He had distal weakness of lower limbs with contracture of Achilles tendon and calf muscle atrophy for three years, and proximal weakness of low limbs for two years.The motor nerve conduction velocities in median nerves were 48.1 m/s in case one and 47.6 m/s in case two.The compound motor action potential amplitude of median nerves decreased by 46% in case one and 69% in case two.Sural nerve biopsies and gene targeted next-generation sequencing were performed in both patients.Results Density of myelinated fibers was 8 407/mm2 in case one and 7 714/mm2 in case two.The ratio of myelinated fibers with diameter over 8 μm was 2.6% in case one and 0 in case two.Both patients had small regenerating cluster of myelinated fibers.Thin myelinated fibers appeared in case one.In case two, atypical onion bulb formations with focal folded myelin appeared, and electromicroscopy revealed mitochondrial aggregate in axons.Compound heterozygous mutations of ganglioside-induced differentiation associated protein 1 gene were detected in both patients, including c.767A>G(p.H256R) and c.466G>A (p.A156T) in case one and c.767A>G and 845G>A(p.R282H) in case two.Conclusions Contracture of Achilles tendon may appear in early childhood of AR-CMT2K patients.The main pathological changes in sural nerve are loss of large myelinated fibers, mitochondrial aggregate in axons and myelin abnormalities.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; methods ; Auditory Cortex ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Young Adult

Background and purpose:Remarkable advances have been made in cancer chemotherapy by developing new anticancer drugs and therapy strategies.However,multidrug resistance in human cancers remains a major clinical challenge for cancer treatment.Attempts in several clinical studies to reverse multidrug resistance protein (MDR) by using MDR modulators have not yet generated promising results.Our aim was to explored the mechanism of reversal of multidrug resistance in human leukemia K562 cells by PI3-K inhibitor.Methods:Trypanblue dye exclusion method was used to observe the drug sensitivity and the effect of LY294002 on the drug resistance.Western blot to analyze P-gp and p-Akt phenotypes,and flow cytometer was used to measure the intracellular drug accumulation. Results:K562/D induced by DNR was cross resistant to DNR,ADR,VCR and VP16 (Resistance Index:65,52,134 and 50 respectively).DNR induced over-expressions of P-gp and p-Akt in K562/D cells;LY294002 increased the intracellular drug accumulation,and then reversed the drug resistance to DNR,ADR,VCR and VPI6 in K562/D cells(Resistance Index:23,21,63 and 29 respectively),but not in the sensitive cells (K562/S).Conclusion:The multidrug resistance of K562/D cells can be induced by DNR which is related to the P-gp and p-Akt over-expressions, and LY294002 can reverse multidrug resistance in human leukemia cells in vitro via inhibits PI3-K/Akt pathway.