Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease.It has distinct risk factors,molecular biology features,clinical presentations and prognosis.TNBC recurrence is common after resection,and the survival rate is low and available treatment options are few after recurrence.To date,chemotherapy is the main treatment strategy for TNBC.There is a great need for new molecular predictive marks and drug targets for improving the efficacy of TNBC treatment.

BACKGROUND:Nowadays,the internal fixation materials for the clinical treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures are broadly divided into two categories: intramedulary fixation system and extramedulary fixation system.Artificial femoral head replacement can be selected for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.However,the effects of diverse treatments usualy lack of macroscopical evaluation.OBJECTIVE:To investigate and compare the clinical effects of different surgical treatments for femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.METHODS:168 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures,who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics,Beijing Municipal Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces from June 2005 to June 2010,were enroled in this study.They were treated by screw plate fixation system (dynamic hip screw,dynamic condylar screw),intramedulary fixation system (Gamma 3 nail,expandable intramedulary nail) and artificial femoral head replacement,including 69 males and 99 females,at the age of 75-94 years,averagely 81.4 years.According to Evans type,there were 20 cases of type Ⅰ,43 cases of type Ⅱ,57 cases of type Ⅲ,33 cases of typeⅣ and 15 cases of type Ⅴ.Operative time,blood loss,weight-bearing ambulation time,and hip function were compared and evaluated in patients of each group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment,patients were folowed up for 14-39 months.At 12 months after treatment,Harris score was used to assess hip function in the affected side.Fracture was healed within 12 months.There was no significant difference in excelent and good rate among four groups (P＞0.05).Operative time and blood loss were significantly better in the expandable intramedulary nail group than in the other groups (P＜ 0.05).Weight-bearing ambulation time was significantly better in the artificial femoral head group than in the other groups (P＜ 0.01).Results suggest that according to fracture typing,in combination with osteoporosis in elderly patients,suitable repair method could improve therapeutic effects for femoral intertrochanteric fractures,and reduce postoperative complications.Dynamic hip screw is firstly selected for Evens types Ⅰ and Ⅱ stable intertrochanteric fractures.The intramedulary fixation system can be selected for unstable intertrochanteric fractures as Evans types Ⅲ-Ⅴ.Artificial hip arthroplasty is good for elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures as wel as severe osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic e xtracts of47traditional Chinese herbal medicines in vitro.METHODS:Antibiotic drug sensitive tests of Escherichia coli and Bacillus pyocyaneus were conducted,al?coholic extracts of47Chinese herbal medicines were prepared,which were subjected to bicteriostatic tests in vitro by agar spread routine method.RESULTS:Among the47traditonal Chinese herbal medicines alcoholic extracts,11of which did have antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa and blastomyces albicans in different degree;among which,the antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic extracts of paeoniae radix and granatum to drug resistance bacteria were the highest,the alcoholic extracts of paeoniae radix showed strong inhibitory activities to the above3bacterium,especially to the resistant organisms with the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)at1.3,1.1and1.8mg/ml respectively;The antimi?crobial activities of alchoholic extracts of granatum against the above3bacterium were also high with the MIC at8.3,3.6and2.3mg/ml respectively.CONCLUSION:The alcoholic extracts of paeoniae radix and granatum have broad spectrum of an?timicrobial activity and which have antimicrobial effect to drug resistance bacteria.

Objective To observe the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the plasticity of enteric nervous-smooth muscle system,and to investigate the effects of BDNF induced plasticity on gastrointestinal motility in mice.Methods Male hybrid BDNF knockout (BDNF+/) mice and wild type (BDNF+/+) mice were selected,eight in each group.Gastrointestinal motility of BDNF+/+ mice and BDNF+/ mice were tested and compared.Longitudinal muscle strips of mice colon smooth muscle were prepared.The effects of carbachol (1 × 10 5 mol/L) and BDNF (1 × 10 7 mol/L) on contractile function of muscle strips were observed.And the effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX,1 × 10-6 mol/L) on BDNF induced contractile function of muscle strips were also studied.The changes of the density of mice intestinal myenteric plexus and the expression of smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) in colon smooth muscle were detected by immunohistochemical techniqne.The ultrastruetural alterations of myenteric plexus,neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and smooth muscle cells were detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM).T-test or Rank sum test was performed for comparison between groups.Results Number of feces particles and water content in feces of BDNF+/-mice ((3.80±0.75) and (39.60±1.47)％) were both lower than those of BDNF+/+ mice ((6.30± 1.03) and (51.00± 1.61) ％),and the differences were statistically significant (t=4.792,12.827;both P＜0.05).Carbachol (1 × 10-5 mol/L) could significantly increase contraction activity of smooth muscle of BDNF+/+ mice (R =3.26 ± 0.43) and BDNF+/-mice (R=2.15 ± 0.36),and the difference was statistically significant (t=15.754,9.632;both P＜0.05).The effects on contraction exciting of smooth muscle strips of BDNF+/+ mice were more significant than BDNF+/ mice,and the difference was statistically significant (t =5.972,P＜0.05).BDNF could significantly increase contraction of muscle strips of BDNF+/+ mice and R value increased from 1 to 1.41±0.09,and the differences were statistically significant (t=13.674,P＜0.05).TTX could obviously inhibit the excitatory effects of BDNF,R value decreased from 1.41 ± 0.09 to 1.03 ± 0.04 (t=11.692,P＜0.05).The density of myenteric plexus of BDNF+/ mice (median 5.8％,interquartile range 4.2％-7.0％) was significantly lower than that of BDNF+/+ mice (median 9.0％,interquartile range 7.1％-10.8％),and the difference was statistically significant (Z =3.730,P＜ 0.05).The expression of α-SMA of BDNF+/-mice (median 33.4％,interquartile range 28.8％-38.5％) was significantly lower than that of BDNF+/+ mice (median 44.6％,interquartile range 39.2％-48.8％),and the difference was statistically significant (Z=4.565,P＜0.05).The results of TEM indicated ultrastructural alterations of myenteric plexus,NMJ and smooth muscle in BDNF+/-mice.Conelusionss BDNF could induce the plasticity of morphology and function in enteric nervous-smooth muscle system,which may play an important role in mice gastrointestinal motility.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic degenerative disease of central nervous system.The disease onset slow,early typical performance for the decline in judgment,lack of initiative,moodiness,etc,clinical manifestations of memory loss, cognitive dysfunction based.Cerebrolysin is a akind ofneurotrophicpeptidegic mixture obtained by normalized enzymolysisof lipid-free porcine brain proteins,it is rich in various amino acids,small molecule polypeptide and various essential elements such as magnesium, phosphorus and selenium.Several studies have shown that cerebrolysin can significantly improve the memory,anxiety,fatigue,dizziness and other symptoms of AD patients.In this paper,the research progress of cerebrolysin in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease were reviewed to provide reference for the comprehensive development and clinical application of cerebrolysin .

Objective To study the feasibility of the Fe3O4-loaded lipid perfluorooctylbromide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PFOB) for enhanced ultrasound imaging.Methods The Fe3O4-PFOB nanoparticles,incubated with RAW264.7 macrophage cells,were monitored by microscope and ultrasound.Twelve SD rats were randomized into two groups,Fe3O4-PFOB group and PFOB group.Ultrasound imaging of rats' liver was performed before and after intravenous injection of the contrast agents.The liver echogenic intensity was quantified by DFY ultrasound quantified system analysis.Results Incubation of the Fe3O4-PFOB nanoparticles with macrophages resulted in the uptake of Fe3O4-PFOB by macrophages.Macrophages loaded with Fe3O4-PFOB exhibited enhanced echogenicity in vitro.In in vivo imaging,Fe3O4-PFOB produced better and prolonged ultrasound enhancement of rats' liver compared to PFOB nanoparticles.Conclusions Fe3O4-PFOB nanoparticles could enhance ultrasound imaging and may potentially serve as a multimodal probe for ultrasound,CT and MR imaging.

Objective To observe any influence of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on the formation of glial scars,and to explore how HBO suppresses the inflammatory reaction to injury.Methods A total of 96 healthy,adult,male,Sprague-Dawley rats were used to model cerebral puncture injury.They were then randomized into a control group and a treatment group,with 48 rats in each group.The treatment group received HBO treatment,while the control group received no special treatment.At 1,3,7,14 and 28 days after the puncture injury,the rats' right brain tissues were harvested and immunohistochemical staining was employed to compare the changes in number of astrocytes and microglial cells around the injury in the two groups.The level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) in the cerebral tissue was examined using ELISA.Results Among the control group the average wound areas after 7,14 and 28 days were (2.73 ± 0.05)μm2,(3.42 ± 0.18)μm2 and (2.41 ± 0.09) μm2,a significant reduction after 28 days compared with 7 and 14 days.The corresponding average wound areas of rats in the treatment group were (2.78±0.12)μm2,(2.59 ±0.08)μm2 and (1.20 ±0.06)μm2.There the average wound area had decreased significantly after 14 days,and the further reduction after 28 days was also significant.The numbers of GFAP-positive astrocytes at 14 and 28 days had increased significantly compared with after 7 days in both the control group and the treatment group.The average number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the control group at 28 days had decreased significantly compared with after 14 days.Compared with the control group at the same time points,the number of GFAP-positivc astrocytes in the treatment group was significantly less.After modeling,the number of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule Ⅰ (Ibal)-positive microglial cells increased significantly,but there was a significant decrease in both the control and treatment groups by 7 days.The average number of Ibal-positive microglial cells in the treatment group was significantly less than in the control group at all of the time points.Compared with the first day after modeling,the TNF-α concentration of the controls at 3 and 7 days was significantly higher,but by the 7th day it was significantly lower than it had been after 3 days.The average IL-1β concentration in the control group and TNF-α concentration in the treatment group had increased by day 3,but then decreased by day 7.The IL-1β concentration of the treatment group declined gradually.The average TNF-α and IL-1 β concentrations of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group at all of the time points.Conclusion HBO treatment has a relatively good curative effect on cerebral puncture injury.It can accelerate wound healing and reduce the formation of glial scars.Its mechanism could be related to the deactivation of astrocytes and microglia cells and reducing the levels of cell factors that promote inflammation.

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic values of Clusterin, CXCL13, Podoplanin (D2-40), CD21 and CD35 in follcular den-dritic cell sarcoma. Methods The expression levels of 10 cases of follcular dendritic cell sarcoma ( FDCS) and 12 types of FDCS mimics (83 cases in total) were investigated by immunohistochemical methods, the latter including solitary fibrous tumor, leiomyosar-coma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and others. The diagnostic validities of the five biomarkers were compared. Results ( 1 ) The positive rates of Clusterin, CXCL13, D2-40, CD21 and CD35 in the FDCS group were 100%, 70%, 60%, 90% and 80%, respec-tively, the corresponding rates in the control group were 30%, 4%, 11%, 2% and 0 in turn. (2) The five biomarkers could be cate-gorized into 3 groups, according to their diagnostic values in FDCS. The first group included CD21 and CD35, which had much higher sensitivities (90%, 80%), specificities (100%, 98%) and accuracies (98%, 96%), compared with the other biomarkers. The second group included CXCL13 and D2-40, which had a relatively lower sensitivities (70%, 60%), specificities (96%, 89%) and accuracies (94%, 86%), compared with CD21 and CD35. The third group included Clusterin, which had the highest sensitivity (100%), while the specificity (70%)and accuracy (73%) were inferior to the first and second groups. (3) The diagnostic values of CD21 and CD35 combination were 100%, 98%, 98%, 83% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions (1) CD21 and CD35 are the most valuable biomarkers for FDCS. The combined diagnostic effect of the two markers is generally superior to that of single marker. (2) Clusterin has the highest sensitivity for FDCS. However, the frequent expression in FDCS mimickers restricts its diagnostic values for FDCS. (3) CXCL13 and D2-40 may be used as a marker for FDCS, but are not recommended as the first selection based on their diagnostic performance. (4) On the reasons that FDCS mimickers may not uncommonly express Clusterin and D2-40, and rarely show positivity for CD21 or CXCL13, more attention should be paid to the phenomenon to avoid misdiagnosis.

Based on the patents authorized for inventions in the Chinese medicine industry from 2005 to 2016, a patent co-occurrence network is constructed using international patent classification (IPC) information; And based on the K-shell decomposition method to identify core technologies in the network, the technical structure, research hotspot, and the absorption of other technical topics in core areas of traditional Chinese medicine are analyzed. The absorption of innovation in different periods is further described to explore the development trend of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, technological growth points and the main areas of absorption of core technologies of traditional Chinese medicine, in order to provide references and suggestions for industry technological innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation in treating osteoid osteoma located at femoral neck. Methods Six patients with osteoid osteomas in the femoral neck received CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. In all patients the main complaint was pain at the hip, and the course of disease varied from one month to 2 years, with an average of 8 months. Under spinal anesthesia the surgery was performed. With the help of CT guidance , a 3.5 to 4.0 mm coaxial drill system was inserted into the nidus, and an osseous access was established, then the bone biopsy needle was used to obtain specimens for pathological examination. Subsequently, a 1.5 to 2.0 cm active tip was introduced through a non-cooled radiofrequency needle into the nidus. Radiofrequency ablation was performed with the therapeutic temperature of 90℃, lasting for 6 minutes. The pain visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness. The postoperative MRI findings were compared with the preoperative ones. Results Three days after the treatment, different degrees of pain relief was obtained in all patients, and all patients could get out of bed and walked around in one week. Postoperative VSA was significantly decreased (P<0.01). No severe complications occurred during and after the procedure. And no recurrence was seen during the follow-up period. Conclusion For the treatment of osteoid osteoma located at femoral neck, CT-guided radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment with fewer complications and satisfactory clinical results.