Objective To evaluate the usefulness of the short-segment nerve conduction studies (SSCSs,inching test) of the peroneal nerve across the fibular head in order to diagnose and localize the site of entrapment of the nerve.Methods Fifty-four patients with suspected peroneal nerve palsy and 30 controls were studied.The symptoms all occurred in unilateral leg,involving 25 left legs and 29 right legs.Both long segment motor nerve conduction studies (LSMCs) and SSCSs were performed in all patients and controls.SSCSs were obtained at 2 cm intervals,starting 6 cm proximal (P6,P4 and P2) and 4 cm distal (D2 and D4) ending to the fibular head prominence (P).Results When nerve conduction of the entire 10 cm segment across the fibular head was tested by the conventional method,only 40 showed reduction in amplitude or slowing of motor conduction velocity or both.However,with SSCSs,54 peroneal nerves were all discovered abnormal.The results of comparison of conventional methods suggested that there were significant differences in conduction velocity between the fibular head-Ankle segment and the knee-fibular head segment in the case group,the latter ((33.63 ± 9.29) m/s) being slower than the former ((47.92 ± 4.04) m/s;t =9.776,P =0.000),while there was no obvious abnormality in the control group.The results of the control group detected by SSCSs showed that there was no significant difference between the left and right sides of the mean amplitude of the stimulation points and the mean time of segmental nerve conduction.Therefore,we set the exception criteria as the segmental nerve conduction time is longer than the corresponding control group (i + 2 s),and the CMAP amplitude of proximal stimulation point decreased by more than 20％ than the adjacent distal segment.In accordance with this standard,we found that the lesions were located in P6 to P4 in 2/54 (3.7％) legs,P4 to P2 in 4/54 (7.4％) legs,P2 to P in 43/54 (79.6％) legs,P to D2 in 12/54 (22.2％) legs,D2 to D4 in 3/54 (5.6％) legs,respectively.Consequently,the P2 to P segment was most vulnerable to damage.Conclusions SSCSs are more sensitive in detecting the entrapment of the peroneal nerve across the fibular head than the LSMCs.SSCSs could precisely localize the entrapment lesions,might be a useful tool especially for the detection of mild entrapment which has normal LSMCs findings of the peroneal nerve across the fibular head.

Guangxi Medical University had taken a lot of measures to construct systematic general medicine education system consisting of medical college education, post graduation education and continuing medical education. These measures included constructing the organization, modifying the personnel training program, training rural-order directional medical students, standardizing resi-dent training, providing on-the-job training and postgraduate degree education for general practitioners.

Academic Health Systemis an effective mode to make a response to the change of medical pattern , and more and more aging population , and continued increasing of health care costs .By introducing the system to the field of general practice , using the systematic theory in three basic functions of high schools , combining medical schools with all levels of health-related institutions , building a systematic and continuity education system in general practice .it can resolve the problems such as lack of motivation , poor cooperation of the administrative department and education department , and lack of teachers and practice bases of general practice .

OBJECTIVETo study the susceptibility of Aedes albopictus to dengue virus infection.

METHODSAedes albopictus from 15 collections in Guizhou province were challenged orally with dengue virus 1-4 types, respectively. The total RNA from mosquitos were extracted. The viral NS1 gene fragment was amplified with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dengue virus in mosquitoes was isolated with C6/36 cells. Then the viral antigen was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Antigen and nucleic acid of dengue virus from 15 geographic strains of Aedes albopictus orally infected with dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) were detected by IFA, RT-PCR and the virus was isolated with C6/36 cells, respectively.

RESULTSThe rates of Aedes albopictus orally infected with DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4 were 12/15, 12/15, 8/15 and 13/15, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent geographic strains of Aedes albopitus in Guizhou were susceptible to dengue viruses.

Aedes ; cytology ; virology ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Cell Line ; China ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Dengue Virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Disease Susceptibility ; Ecosystem ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) system on lipid deposition at aortic intima and the mechanism involved in hyperlipidemic rabbits.

METHODSTotally 32 rabbits, were divided into four groups. One group as control. Three groups for the following treatments: 1.5% cholesterol ration (Ch group, n = 8); 1.5% cholesterol ration plus HO-1 inducer hemin (Hm group, n = 8); and instead of hemin, the HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (Zn group, n = 8) was given by injection into the abdominal cavity. Experiments were lasted for 12 weeks. Rabbit aortas were then isolated as the samples for histopathologic and ultrastructural examination. The protein expressions of HO-1 and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were investigated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis.

RESULTSComparing with the Ch group, rabbits of the Hm group showed a remarkably less extent of lipid deposition at the aortic intima [(17.9 ± 3.0)% vs (54.0 ± 4.2)%], and rabbits of the Zn group had a marked extent of lesion development [(61.1 ± 3.5)%]. Lipid deposition, endothelial damage and neo-intimal formation were less severe in rabbits of the Hm group than those in the Zn or Ch group, respectively. Comparing with the control group, rabbits of the Ch group showed a significant decrease of aortic NO production and cNOS activity. However, there were an enhancement of CO production and HO-1 activity (P < 0.01). Compared with Ch group, rabbits of the Hm group showed a remarkable elevation of aortic HO activity and CO production, whereas rabbits of the Zn group showed a marked decrease of both parameters. Compared with the Ch group, rabbits of the Hm group demonstrated a marked reduction of aorta ET-1 expression, whereas Zn group had a significantly higher ET-1 expression.

CONCLUSIONSModulation of HO-1/CO system may improve vascular endothelial function and inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, likely through a compensatory mechanism and a reduction of ET-1 expression, eventually leading to an inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque development.

Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; pharmacology ; Endothelin-1 ; metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Hemin ; pharmacology ; Hyperlipidemias ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Protoporphyrins ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Tunica Intima ; metabolism ; pathology

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Tibial Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries ; etiology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the discrepancy of HBsAg titre and correlation of HBV DNA levels among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSHBsAg titre and HBV DNA in serum samples were measured among 47 CHB, 72 LC and 54 HCC cases using Abbott chemiluminescence and fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively. Statistical analyses among multiple groups, between two groups and about the correlation were performed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman test, respectively.

RESULTSThe median HBsAg titre level in serum samples decreased from 2361.10 IU/ml in CHB cohort to 1001.64 IU/ml in LC cohort and 594.35 IU/ml in HCC cohort, suggesting a statistically significant difference (x2 = 24.394, P less than 0.05). Moreover, HBsAg titre in CHB group was significantly higher than that in LC group ( Z = -3.754, P less than 0.05). CHB patients had significantly higher HBsAg titre than HCC cases ( Z = -4.630, P less than 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg titre between LC and HCC group. Among HBeAg positive patients, HBsAg titre decreased from 3259.83 IU/ml in CHB group to 1077.30 IU/ml in LC group and 789.72 IU/ml in HCC group, indicating a significant difference (x2 = 15.643, P less than 0.01). Among HBeAg negative patients, HBsAg titre declined from 1669.00 IU/ml in CHB group to 1001.64 IU/ml in LC group and 582.05 IU/ml in HCC group, suggesting of a significant difference (x2 = 6.423, P less than 0.05). Positive correlation between HBsAg titre and HBV DNA was found in CHB ( r = 0.297, P less than 0.05), LC (r = 0.346, P less than 0.05) and HCC (r = 0.452, P less than 0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONHBsAg titre level in serum decreased progressively from CHB to LC and HCC group. There were positive correlations between HBsAg titre and HBV DNA level in CHB, LC and HCC.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; virology ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo determine the role and related mechanisms of heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) on VSMCs proliferation induced by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).

METHODSVSMCs isolated from rabbit aorta were cultured in vitro and proliferation was induced by IGF-I. Hemin (a substrate and inducer of HO-1) or zinc protoporphyrin-IX (Znpp-IX, an inhibitor of HO-1) was added to stimulate or inhibit the expression of HO-1. The mRNA and protein expressions of HO-1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. CO released into the culture media was quantitated by measuring carbon monoxide hemoglobin (COHb), VSMCs proliferation and cell cycle were determined by (3)H-TdR incorporation assay and flow cytometry, respectively.

RESULTSThe HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions in VSMCs and the amount of COHb in the culture media were significantly increased and the IGF-I-induced (3)H-TdR incorporations of VSMCs significantly reduced by hemin in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Furthermore, VSMCs in the G(0)/G(1) phase were increased and in the S and G(2)/M phase decreased by hemin (P < 0.01). Opposite results were observed in VSMCs treated with Znpp-IX.

CONCLUSIONSEndogenous HO-1 and CO are important mediators for inhibiting IGF-I induced VSMCs proliferation by reducing VSMCs DNA synthesis and decelerating cell cycle progression.

Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rabbits

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tirofiban in the treatment of patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention( PCI).Methods Eighty-seven patients with acute coro-nary syndrome treated with PCI were recruited from Feb 2011 to Sep 2013 prospectively.They were randomly divided into treatment group ( n=41 ) and control group ( n=46 ).Based on the regular anticoagulant therapy , patients in the treatment group were given tirofiban 10 mg· kg-1 immediately at the early time of pre -PCI, followed by 0.15μg· kg -1 · min -1 intravenous infusion until 36 hours after PCI.Patients in the control group were only given the regular anticoagulant therapy at the early time of pre-PCI.And the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial enzymes and complication of the two groups were observed in the two groups.Results The rate of MACE (9.8%, 4/41) in treatment group were much lower than that in the control group (26.1%, 12/46) ( P<0.05 ).The myocardial enzyme indicators of 24 hours after PCI was lower than that in the control group;but there was no difference in bleeding complications between the two groups ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusion MACE can be significantly decreased in patients who were treated with PCI by using tirofiban in the emergency department and tiro-fiban does not increase the risks to develop bleeding complications.

This study was aimed to investigate the anti-leukemia activity of Tel03 in vivo. The K562 xenografted leukemia model was established and mice were divided randomly into three groups. Mice of different group were treated with PBS (control), 5 mg/kg Tel03 or 15 mg/kg Tel03 (ip, twice a week) respectively. Tumor volume, body weight and other behavior were observed regularly. Cell apoptosis was detected with TUNEL assay and the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that Tel03 exerted anti-leukemia activity in mouse model. Tel03 significantly reduced tumor volume in Tel03-treated group compared with control. In addition, 5 mg/kg Tel03 induced cell apoptosis without exerting apparent toxicity in mice. After Tel03 treatment, the expression of Bcl-2 was inhibited, however, the expression of Bax was up-regulated. It is concluded that G-quadruplex ligand Tel03 can induce cell apoptosis in leukemia mouse model, and this agent may be a potential anticancer drug.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Female ; G-Quadruplexes ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism