Objective To demonstrate the manifestations on positron emission tomographycomputed tomography (PET-CT) at different stages in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.Methods PET-CT was performed in 10 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis at different clinical stages,and the images were analyzed to investigate the relation of metabolic patterns in the images with clinical presentations.Results Except for normal PET-CT images in 2 patients,images in 8 patients at early stage of the disease showed generally increased 2-[18F] fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-glucose(18F-FDG) uptake at frontal and temporal lobe,basal ganglion and cerebellum,indicating hyper-metabolism in these areas,while 2 of them also had mixture of hyper-and hypo-metabolism in parietal-occipital region.In longitudinal analysis of PET-CT images in these 8 cases,starting at basal ganglion,18 F-FDG uptake gradually decreased bilaterally,prominently at left dominant hemisphere and right cerebellum.Conclusions During the course of anti-NMDAR encephalitis,18F-FDG metabolism markedly increases at early stage and then gradually declines at late stage,at frontal,temporal,parietal and occipital lobes,basal ganglion and cerebellum,predominantly at left dominant hemisphere and right cerebellum.However,in relapsing anti-NMDAR encephalitis,18 F-FDG metabolism in brain does not show these characteristics.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Blumea balsamifera (BBE) residue on treating rats of adjuvant arthritis (AA) and its mechanism.

METHODThe rats were immunized with the Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). After modeling, 28 days' treatment with BBE was performed. During the experimental process, rat mass, toe girth, arthritic index (AI), proliferation of immune organs and pathological section were measured. After treatment, blood samples were collected through fossa orbitalis vein for detection of serum SOD, MDA, GSH, NO, OH*, ALP, AST, ALT, NAG and SA content using colorimetric method and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α content using ELISA method.

RESULTAdministration with BBE (high dose) could significantly ameliorate joint swelling and arthritis index, effectively inhibit synovial hyperplasia, down-regulate the levels of MDA, NO, OH*, ALP, AST, ALT, NAG, SA, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and up-regulate the SOD and GSH levels in serum.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested BBE possesses substantial anti-arthritis and antioxidant activities.

Acetates ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Arthritis, Experimental ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective To discuss the effects of applying electric heating pattern instrument in experimental teaching of fixed partial denture technology.Methods Totally 98 prosthodontic undergraduates of 2008 and 2009 grades were selected in this study； 46 students of 2008 grade were taken as control group and 52 students of 2009 grade were taken as experimental group.Students in experimental group made wax patterns with electric heating pattern instruments to melt inlay wax while those in control group made wax patterns with instruments heated by alcohol lamps.Teaching effects were evaluated by experimental test scores and questionnaires.Results Test scores of experimental group were (22.6± 1.8),obviously higher than those of (22.6-± 1.8) in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Satisfaction degree of experimental group were increased significantly compared with that of control group based on the resuits of questionnaire.Conclusions Applying electric heating pattern instrument in making wax patterns in experimental teaching of fixed partial denture technology is easy to operate and can improve the quality of wax pattern and working efficiency as well as enhance students' confidence,therefore it is worthy further spreading.

Objective To compare the cardiac function parameters in gated SPECT determined by filtered back projection (FBP) and OSEM reconstruction methods. Methods One hundred and forty-four patients underwent 99Tcm-MIBI gated-SPECT imaging studies. The parameters LVEF, EDV and ESV, were derived using quantitative gated SPECT (QGS), four-dimensional model SPECT (4D-MSPECT) and emory cardiac toolbox (ECToolbox) softwares. Each image was reconstructed by FBP or OSEM. Bland-Altman analysis and paired t-test were applied to evaluate those parameters. Results Correlation coefficients for LVEF, EDV and ESV between FBP and OSEM methods were all more than 0.93 (all P<0.001). EDV calculated by FBP was lower than that by OSEM using QGS software, but became the opposite when using 4D-MSPECT and ECToolbox softwares. (QGS: (82.2±39.1) ml vs (83.5±40.8) ml, t=-2.53, P<0.05; 4D-MSPECT: (93.5±46.9) ml vs (88.8±45.2) ml, t=5.95, P<0.01; ECToolbox: (106.4±51.1) ml vs (100.8±49.0) ml, t=3.99, P<0.01). ESV calculated by FBP was higher than that by OSEM using 4D-MSPECT software (4D-MSPECT:(37.5±41.4) ml vs (34.8±37.6) ml, t=3.92, P<0.01). LVEF calculated by FBP was lower than that by OSEM using QGS software ((62.1±16.9)% vs (63.1±16.1)%, t=-3.14, P<0.05), but higher than that by OSEM using ECToolbox software ((74.1±18.8)% vs (71.3±17.1)%, t=5.28, P<0.01). Conclusion Generally, cardiac functional parameters based on FBP and OSEM construction methods correlated well, although they might have singnificantly different results.

Objective To compare the differences of blood glucose detected by four methods with different instruments and specimen types at early stage in severely burned rats.Methods 24 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group 1 (Sham scald group,n=8) and scald injury group 1 (n=16).Blood samples of scald injury group 1 were collected at 12,and 24 hours after scald (n=8,each time).Another 20 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group 2 (Sham scald group,n=10) and scald injury group 2 (n=10).Blood samples of scald injury group 2 were collected at 12 hours after scald.The rats in scald injury group 1 and 2 were placed into scalding water (95.0±0.5)℃ for 15 seconds to model third-degree burn with 30％ total burn surface area (TBSA).The rats in scald injury group 1 were given intraperitoneal injection with normal saline(40 ml/kg) immediately,while those in scald injury group 2 were given intraperitoneal injection with normal saline (40 ml/kg) 6 hours after scald.The rats in Sham scald group 1 and 2 were placed into warm water 37℃ for 15 seconds,and did not received injection.Portable glucometer/caudal artery (vein) blood,portable glucometer/abdominal aorta blood,spectrophotometer/femoral venous plasma,and spectrophotometer/abdominal aorta plasma were used to detect blood glucose.Results ①Compared with Sham scald group 1,the levels of blood glucose detected by portable glucometer/caudal artery (vein) blood and spectrophotometer/femoral venous plasma in scald injury group1 at 12,24 hours after scald were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with Sham scald group 2,the levels of blood glucose detected by portable glucometer/abdominal aorta blood and spectrophotometer/abdominal aorta plasma in scald injury group 2 at 12 hours after scald were significantly increased(P＜0.05).②The comparison of portable glucometer/caudal artery (vein) blood and spectrophotometer/femoral venous plasma in Sham scald group 1,portable glucometer/abdominal aorta blood and spectrophotometer/abdominal aorta plasma in Sham scald group 2 had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).The levels of blood glucose detected by portable glucometer/caudal artery (vein) blood were significantly lower than those detected by spectrophotometer/femoral venous plasma (P＜0.05) in scald injury group 1.The comparison of blood glucose detected by portable glucometer/abdominal aorta blood and spectrophotometer/abdominal aorta plasma had no statistical significance in scald injury group 2 (P＞0.05).Conclusion Four kinds of methods used in this study shows that the levels of blood glucose were significantly increased at early stage in severely burned rats,and the portable glucometer/abdominal aorta blood is a relatively simple and fast method to detect blood glucose.

BACKGROUND:The elastic modulus of the fiber post is close to that of the dentine, so they can form a homogeneous whole and share the masticatory force, which can ease the stress concentration of dentine and prevent from tooth fracture. OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical effects of anterior teeth with flared root canals restored by fiber posts using three application methods. METHODS:Anterior teeth with flared root canals from 48 patients were involved. They were divided into three groups, then restored with three post-core crowns respectively: a single fiber post, rehabilitation with composite resin, and fiber post combined with accessory post. Al patients were folowed up for 2 years to observe post and core loosening, fracture and root fracture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The group of a single fiber post was failed in eight teeth including four cases of post and core loosening and four cases of post and core fracture, with a successful rate of 64%. The group of rehabilitation with composite resin was failed in three teeth including two cases of post and core loosening and one case of post and core fracture, with a successful rate of 90%. The group of fiber post combined with accessory post was failed in two teeth of post and core loosening, with a successful rate of 93%. The successful rate of the group of a single fiber post was lower than that of the groups of rehabilitation with composite resin and fiber post combined with accessory post (P < 0.05) . The difference between the groups of rehabilitation with composite resin and fiber post combined with accessory post was not statisticaly significant (P > 0.05). The clinical effects of rehabilitation with composite resin and fiber post combined with accessory post are better than that of a single fiber post. But the method of combination fiber post with accessory post is recommended because of easy operation.

BACKGROUND:The elastic modulus of the fiber post is close to that of the dentine, so it can form a homogeneous whole and share the masticatory force, which can ease the stress concentration of dentine and prevent from tooth fracture. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of alveolar bone height and fiber post length on the fracture resistance of endodontical y treated maxil ary central incisors. ＜br> METHODS:Forty-eight human maxil ary central incisors were assigned randomly to six groups (n=8) of three different post insertion depths (5, 7, 9 mm) and two alveolar bone levels (2 and 5 mm) from the cement-enamel junction. Al of them were restored by glass fiber posts with composite resin core and cast metal crown. The samples were loaded in a testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min at a 45° angle to the long axis of the tooth on the palatal surfaces until tooth fracture occurred. The maximum load and failure mode were recorded. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Alveolar bone height had a significant influence on the fracture resistance (F=560.943, P>0.05), but fiber post length did not have a significant influence on it (P>0.05). Significant differences were found between the normal and resorbed alveolar bone groups in the number of repairable fracture patterns (χ2=5.689, P＜0.05). Under the circumstance of lowered alveolar bone height, lengthening fiber post cannot enhance fracture resistance of the teeth.

Based on their multiple years of personal experiences in hospital administration,authors of this article point out that medical service,humanistic service,and emotional service should be the core aspects in the current hospital competition.Medical professionalism embodied in the three levels of consciousness,behaviors,and regulations should be the main subject in the research on the role of medical ethics in hospital administration and medical treatment behaviors.It is an urgent ethical requirement and the chief task for hospital administrators to achieve humanistic medical service through humanistic administration of hospitals.

Objective To study the relationships among resilience, self-awareness, personality, stress level and mental health in the warship soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults ( RSA), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ( EPQ), Self Acceptance Questionnaire( SAQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale( GSES), Wallance Self Concept Scale (WSCS), Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test (PSET) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90)were used to survey 1451 warship soldiers. Results ① 2.5％ of the warship soldiers reported obvious psychological stress. Mental health of warship soldiers was worse than the norm of China population, except for obsessivecompulsive and interpersonal sensitivity factor. While the scores of other factors were significantly higher than the norm of Chinese soldiers(P＜0.01). ②The total scores of SCL-90, psychological stress and resilience, internal/external had negative correlation with self-awareness, and positive correlation with neuroticism. Compared to the SCL-90-negative group,SCL-90-positive soldiers (SCL-90 total score ＞ 160) had higher scores of nervousness and PSET and lower scores of RSA, internal/external and self-awareness (P ＜ 0.01 ). ③Regression analysis showed that stress levels, emotional stability,self-awareness and resilience were able to predict 35.1％ of mental health in warship soldiers. Mental health, emotional stability, internal/external and resilience were able to predict 33.2％of individual's stress level. Conclusion To some extent, warship soldiers have psychological stress and mental health problems. Resilience, personality, self-awareness are important factors affecting psychological stress and mental health.

Objective To study the pathophysiology of ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related osteoporosis by investigating the relation between bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers.Methods Fortysix AS patients were included in this study,including 35 male and 11 female patients.Twenty-five gender and age matched healthy subjects were served as the healthy control group.Informed consents were obtained from all subjects.BMD of lumbar spine (L2-4),fermoral neck and radius were tested using dual-energy X-ray absorption method.Data about BASDAi,ESR,Ig was collected.Bone formation markers including procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal peptide (PINP) and osteocalcin (OC) were included for analysis,the formal was measured by radioimmunoassay and the later was measured by immunoradiometric assay and bone resorption marker.β-Crosslaps was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Independent-samples t test was used to compare normal distributed data between the two groups.Analysis of variance was used to compare the data between the three groups.For those data which were not normally distributed,Rank sum test was performed.Correlations were determined by Pearson or Spearman's ranking.Results ① 48％ of AS patients had bone loss,while the percentage in the healthy control group was 20％ (x2=5.32,P=0.021).BMD of lumbar spine,fermoral neck and radius of the AS patients were lower than the controls (t=-3.73,-3.68,-5.24; P＜0.05).② Bone density (BMD) of lumbar spine in patients at the late stage was higher than patients at early disease stage (t=2.26,P=0.034),however,the BMD in the femoral neck was not.③ The procollagen (PINP),OC and β-CrossLaps were not significantly different in patients at different stage of diseases (P＞0.05).④BMD of lumbar spine was negatively correlated with the β-CrossLaps and ESR(r=-0.325,P=0.047; r=-0.314,P=0.046),The BMD in fermoral neck was negatively correlated with β-CrossLaps and OC (r=-0.387,P=0.024; r=-0.371,P=0.034),but they were not correlated with disease duration and BADSAI.Conclusion Osteoporosis is common in AS.Bone turnover markers including bone formation and bone resorption are increased in AS.β-CrossLaps is likely to predict bone loss in AS.