Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation

Vaccination has been proved to be the most effective strategy to prevent the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mRNA vaccine based on nano drug delivery system (NDDS) - lipid nanoparticles (LNP) has been widely used because of its high effectiveness and safety. Although there have been reports of severe allergic reactions caused by mRNA-LNP vaccines, the mechanism and components of anaphylaxis have not been completely clarified yet. This review focuses on two mRNA-LNP vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. After summarizing the structural characteristics, potential allergens, possible allergic reaction mechanism, and pharmacokinetics of mRNA and LNP in vivo, this article then reviews the evaluation methods for patients with allergic history, as well as the regulations of different countries and regions on people who should not be vaccinated, in order to promote more safe injection of vaccines. LNP has become a recognized highly customizable nucleic acid delivery vector, which not only shows its value in mRNA vaccines, but also has great potential in treating rare diseases, cancers and other broad fields in the future. At the moment when mRNA-LNP vaccines open a new era of nano medicine, it is expected to provide some inspiration for safety research in the process of research, development and evaluation of more nano delivery drugs, and promote more nano drugs successfully to market.

ObjectiveTo study the influence of Jiuqiang Naoliqing (JNQ) on the expression of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)and Synapsin Ⅰ in brain of the spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Wistar group, SHR group, lower dose of JNQ treated SHR group and higher dose of JNQ treated SHR group. The expression of CGRP and Synapsin Ⅰ in the dentate gyrus, CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cortex were determined by immunohistochemistry after treatment for 3 weeks. ResultsCompared with the Wistar group, the expression of CGRP and Synapsin Ⅰ in the dentate gyrus, CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cortex of SHR group significantly decreased. The treatment with lower dose of JNQ significantly enhanced the expression of CGRP in cortex(P<0.05 vs SHR).The treatment with higher dose of JNQ significantly enhanced not only the expression of CGRP in the dentate gyrus, CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cortex, but also that of Synapsin Ⅰ in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus selectively in comparison with SHR group. ConclusionJNQ may improve the micro circulation in brain by up regulating the expression of CGRP and enhance the modulating function of central nervous system by up regulating the expression of Synapsin Ⅰ in spontaneous hypertension rats.

Objective To study the effects of Guhong injection on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cortex 14 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n=6), ischemia group (n=6), aceglutamide injection group (n=6), Honghua injection group (n=6) and Guhong injection group (n=6). The middle cerebral arteries of all the rats were occluded for 2 hours and reperfusion, except the sham group. Drugs were administered once a day 24 hours after reperfusion. The expression of VEGF in cortex was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 14 days after reperfusion. Results The expression of VEGF decreased in the ischemia group compared with the sham group (P<0.001), and it increased both in the aceglutamide and Guhong injection groups compared with the ischemia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Guhong injection can significantly increase the expression of VEGF in the cortex 14 days after ischemia-reperfusion, which may be one of the ways for neuro-protection.

Objective To find the optimal scanning time window and then set up the normal binding potentials (BPs) of 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-(N-11C-methyl) tropane (11C-CFT) DAT PET/CT imaging.Methods Thirty-one healthy volunteers (20 males,11 females,average age:(55.7±2.3) years),who all gave written informed consent,were divided into three age and gender-matched groups according to block randomization.Each group underwent static PET/CT scan in different time windows from 40-60 min,60-80 min to 80-100 min after 11C-CFT injection.To determine the best scanning time window,the ratios of caudate and putamen of all volunteers were analyzed using automatic ROI method (caudate (putamen)/parieto-occipital cotex-1) and compared by one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference (LSD) t test.The ratio of the same area between different age-groups and gender-groups was compared with independent two-sample t test.Results Ratios of left caudate (2.08±0.06,1.75±0.07and 1.77±0.12 respectively),right anterior putamen (2.33±0.06,1.95±0.09 and 2.08±0.12 respectively)and bilateral posterior putamen (left:1.88±0.66,1.55±0.88 and 1.72±0.09; right:1.98±0.07,1.61±0.09and 1.69±0.12) were all different in three time windows (F=3.588,3.345,4.479,3.557,all P＜0.05).There were significant differences in ratios of left caudate,right anterior and bilateral posterior putamen between 40-60 min and the 60-80 min (all P＜0.05),as well as the ratios of left caudate between 40-60 min and the 80-100 min group (P＜0.05).While no valid differences in ratios of those areas were shown between the groups of 60-80 min and 80-100 min scanning time window (all P＞0.05).DAT densities in right and left side of caudate,anterior and posterior putamen were significantly lower in the group over 60 years of age than those under 60 years (t=-3.260,-3.090,-3.270,-3.190,-2.270,-3.110,all P＜0.05),but were not different between gender-groups (t =0.367,0.522,0.144,0.524,0.166,0.004,all P＞0.05).Conclusions Sixty min after injection of 11C-CFT,the BPs achieve stable stage,so the best scanning time window of 11C-CFT DAT PET imaging was 60-80 min after injection.Identification of normal DAT distribution and understanding of normal BPs of 11C-CFF are necessary before its clinical application.

Objective To investigate the apoptosis of articular chondrocyte and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos in articular cartilage with Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) in order to understand the pathogenesis of chondronecrosis in KBD. Methods The collected samples of human articular cartilage were divided into two groups: control group (15 samples from 15 cases), KBD group (15 samples from 15 cases). KBD patients were diagnosed by "Pathological Criteria to Diagnose KBD in China". Chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining, and the Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos positive articular chondrocytes were stained by the B-SA of immunohistochemistry. Articular cartilage was classified three zones and the positive rate were counted by light microscope for cytoplasimic staining by polyclonal antibodies of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos and apoptotic chondrocytes by TUNEL. Results ① The percentage of positive apoptotic chondrocytes stained by TUNEL in the middle zone of articular cartilage from the KBD-children group(33.60±2.71%) was higher than that of the control (1.33±0.41% t=11.59, g=28, P<0.01). ②The percentage of chondrocytes staining for Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos among the upper and the middle zone in KBD group were significantly higher than that of the control (t=11.75-18.65, g=14, P<0.01); the remarkable difference in the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos among the upper, the middle and the deep zones was also seen in KBD articular cartilage (F=73.49-114.42, g=42, P<0.01), and staining for Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos in KBD children was prominent in the upper zone(41.93±12.26%, 45.60±15.78%, 53.60±16.49%, 45.47±14.02%) and the middle zone(14.93±3.50%, 13.87±4.32%, 23.27±4.83%, 21.67±6.82%)of articular cartilage, respectively. Conclusion The chondrocyte apoptosis and the present of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and iNos positive chondrocytes in articular cartilage of children with KBD were significantly higher than that of the control.

To provide accurate information on geographic distribution of crude drug Sailonggu in the plateau, we identified zokor species (Eospalax spp.) in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using molecular methods. Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome B (cytb) gene sequences, we then extracted haplotypes from these sequences and reconstructed phylogenetic trees for the haplotypes using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. Based on the trees, the species of each sample were determined. Five hundred and three samples from 35 populations were sequenced and their whole cytb sequences (1140 bp) were obtained. From these sequences 150 haplotypes were detected, in which, 126 were Eospalax baileyi, 20 were E. cansus, and 4 were E. smithi of the 35 populations, 28 were E. baileyi type, 5 were E. cansus type, and the remaining 2 were mixed of E. baileyi + E. cansus (DT2) and E. baileyi + E. smithi (ZN3). The results showed that, the regions around the Qinghai lake and near the upper stream of Yellow River started at Guide could be viewed as the producing area of authentic Sailonggu, and also, the cytb gene is a powerful molecular marker to determine the species of zokors as well as for the authentication of geographic distribution of Sailonggu.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Haplotypes ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Phylogeny ; Rodentia ; classification ; genetics

ObjectiveTo investigate the Jiuqiang Naoliqing's (JNQ) histological influence on hearts, brains and kidneys of spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into four groups: Wistar control group, SHR group, higher dose JNQ treated SHR group(0.530 g/kg) and lower dose JNQ treated SHR group(0.265 g/kg). The treatment lasted five weeks, and the rats' blood pressure were monitored through tail pulse. After the perfusion procedure, rats' hearts, brains and kidneys were rapidly removed in low temperature condition and stored in 10% formalin solution of 4 ℃.Then routine sections were obtained and the slides were stained with HE.ResultsBefore treatment, the blood pressure of SHR groups were distinctly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01), nevertheless, no obvious blood pressure downgrade were observed after three week and five week treatment. Histopathologic study showed: in SHR group,heart with hypertrophic cardiac muscle, proliferative arterial wall and strictured lumina; Cortex with angiostenosis, proliferative vascular wall and large perivascular space; Glomerulus atrophy with hyaline degeneration. These pathologic changes got respective alleviation after five week treatment of JNQ, particularly in higher dose group.ConclusionSHR who got five week treatment of JNQ didn't gain obvious blood pressure downgrade. But the treatment did good to their vital organs and can obviously alleviate hearts, brains and kidneys' pathologic changes.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the applicability of integration between three-dimensional (3D) facial and dental data to evaluate the nasolabial morphology variation before and after the cross-arch fixed restoration of the maxillary implant-supported prostheses. METHODS: Twelve patients (4 women and 8 men), mean age (54.82±5.50) years (from 45 to 62 years) referred to the Department of Oral Implan-tology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, were selected and diagnosed with edentulous maxilla. For all the patients, 4 to 6 implants were inserted into the maxilla. Six months later, the final cross-arch fixed prostheses were delivered. The 3D facial images were collected before and after the final restoration. The 3D data of prostheses were also captured. All the 3D data were registered and measured in the same coordinate system. Then the displacement of all the landmarks [cheilion left (CHL), cheilion right (CHR), crista philtri left (CPHL), crista philtri right (CPHR), labrale supe-rius (LS), subnasale (SN), stomion (STO), upper incisor (UI), upper flange border of the prostheses (F-point, F)], and the variation of the distances between these landmarks (SN-LS, CPHR-CPHL, CHR-CHL, LS-STO) were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The consistency test among three measurements of the length of F-SN indicated that the integration method of the dental prostheses and soft tissue had the good repetitiveness, ICC=0.983 (95%CI: 0.957-0.995). After wearing the final cross-arch maxillary implant-supported prostheses, all the landmarks on the soft tissue moved forward. The nasal base area changed minimally, and the shift of SN in the sagittal direction was only (0.61±0.44) mm. But the sagittal shift of LS was (3.12±1.38) mm. In the vertical direction, SN, LS, CPHL, and CPHR moved upward. But STO, CHL, and CHR moved downward a little. Except for the slight decrease of the length of philtrum (SN-LS), the length of CHL-CHR, CPHL-CPHR, and the height of upper lip were increased together (P < 0.01). In the direction of Z axis, the strong correlations were found not only between the movements of SN and F (r=0.904 3) but also between the movements of LS and UI (r=0.958 4). CONCLUSION The integration method of 3D facial and dental data showed good repetitiveness. And the strong correlations between the landmarks of prostheses and nasolabial soft tissue in the sagittal direction were found by this new method.
Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Male ; Maxilla/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Mouth, Edentulous ; Prostheses and Implants

OBJECTIVETo establish a rapid quantitative analysis method for the content of chlorogenic acid and solid content in the extraction liquid concentration process during the production of Reduning injection by using the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, in order to reflect the concentration state in a real-time manner and really realize the quality control of concentrating process of the extraction and concentration process.

METHODThe samples during the Jinqing extraction liquid concentration process were collected. After the removal of abnormal samples, the spectra pretreatment and the wave band selection, the quantitative calibration model between NIR spectra and chlorogenic acid HPLC analytical value and solid content was established by using PLS algorithm, and unknown samples were predicted.

RESULTThe correlation coefficients between the chlorogenic acid content and the solid content were respectively 0.992 1 and 0.994 0, and the correlation coefficients of the verification model were respectively 0.994 4 and 0.998 4, with the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.814 6 and 2.656 1 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.704 6 and 1.876 7 respectively, and the relative standard errors of predictions (RSEP) were 6.01% and 2.93% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid, nondestructive, accurate and reliable, thus could be adopted for the fast monitoring of the chlorogenic acid content and the solid content during the concentration process of Reduning injection extraction liquid.