OBJECTIVE:To screen the formulae of norfloxacin zinc(NF-Zn) suspended granules using uniform design METHODS:The uniform design with 5 levels and 4 factors was employed to screen five formulae of NF-Zn and sedimentation rate,granularity,dissolubility,moisture content and taste of these granules were evaluated and scored The total score of each formula was regressed with the 4 factors by computer RESULTS:The results of regression equation suggested that the optimum formula was NF-Zn 0 2g,CMS-Na 0 25g,2%PVP and manitol 0 55g in each packet CONCLUSION:It is effective and convenient to optimize the formula of NF-Zn granules by uniform design

Objective To have a systemic review of the association between relative ratio in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods A search in Medline and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was performed,and relevant English and Chinese-language articles about assessing AD with 1 H-MRS were identifed.The data of relative metabolic ratios (NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,mI/Cr ) from different brain regions (hippocampus,posterior cingulate gyrus,temporal lobe,parietal lobe,frontal lobe,occipital lobe) were extracted from the articles.The quality of the articles was evaluated according to the standard recommended by Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. The Meta-analysis was done with the Review Manager 4.2 to calculate pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI ),and linear correlation analysis between NAA/Cr ratio and mI/Cr ratio was done by SPSS 17.0.Results Thirty six articles (27 English articles,9 Chinese articles) were included. After heterogeneity test was done,fixed effects model or random effects model was selected. The meta-analysis showed that the NAA/Cr ratio in patients with AD was higher than that in controls ( WMD:-0.14,95％CI:-0.17 to -0.11 ).The mI/Cr ratio in patients with AD was lower than that in controls ( WMD:0.10,95％ CI:0.07 to 0.13 ).There were greatest changes in NAA/Cr ratio and mI/Cr ratio on the hippocampus ( WMD of NAA/Cr: - 0.27,95％ CI:- 0.36 to - 0.19 ; WMD of mI/Cr:0.21,95％ CI:0.10 to 0.33). There were also no differences between patients with AD and controls with respect to the Cho/Cr ratio (WMD:0.01,95％ CI:0.00 to 0.01,P ＞0.05). The NAA/Cr and mI/Cr changes are markedly correlated with each other in different brain regions ( r =0.947,P =0.004). Conclusion The hippocampus region is the first to present neuropathological changes in AD and the changes of NAA/Cr and MI/Cr might reflect the neurodegenerative process of AD.

Objective To explore the diagnosis value of CT-guide percutaneous biopsy in the pulmonary nodules.Methods A total of 101 cases of the pulmonary nodules with unknown causes who underwent Germany-made auto-spring-gun spiral CT-guide percutaneous pulmonary biopsy were studied.Results The accuracy of centesis was 100%.97 cases were succeeded in getting diagnosis,the diagnosis rate was 96.0%.Among them,there were 61 cases of lung cancer,4 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma,10 cases of metastatic carcinoma,16 cases of tuberculosis,6 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor.Pneumothorax occurred in 8 cases,hemoptysis occurred in 3 cases.The rate of complication was 10.9%.Conclusion CT-guide percutaneous biopsy to the pulmonary nodules is a safe and effective diagnostic means,which has a high diagnosis raze with few complication.

Objective To build a digitized 3D model of the pulmonary venous system of Chinese people for the purpose of providing anatomic information of the pulmonary venous system for anatomic teaching,imaging diagnosis and surgical operation of pulmonary diseases. Methods The primal images from the first Chinese visible human data set of chest were converted into image sequence only cantaining the sections of pulmonary veins after manual registration and image segmentation.Then these images were imported into 3DMed software to build a 3D model of the pulmonary venous system through threshold registration algorithm. Results The three dimensional structures of the pulmonary venous system were reconstructed entirely.All reconstructed structures could be displayed individually or jointly,and could be rotated continuously on any plane.Conclusion The branches and the spacial characters of the pulmonary venous system can be clearly shown on the reconstructed 3D model.It will help anatomy teaching and provide morphological data for image diagnosis and lung operations.

AIM:To study the effects and mechanisms of ethanol on chloride channels in poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells.METHODS:The effect of ethanol on the cell growth was analyzed by MTT as-say.The technique of whole-cell patch-clamp was used to detect the chloride current .The characteristics of the chloride current were analyzed by using the chloride channel blockers .The siRNA technique was used to analyze the molecular basis of the ethanol-sensitive chloride channels .RESULTS: Under isotonic conditions , the background current was weak and stable.Ethanol at concentrations of 0.17~170 mmol/L activated a chloride current in a concentration-dependent manner (an inverted U-shape), with a maximum effect at the concentration of 17 mmol/L.The currents showed obviously outward rectification and were susceptible to extracellular hypertonicity and the chloride channel blocker , 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropyl-amino) benzoic acid ( NPPB) .ClC-3 siRNA obviously decreased the currents activated by ethanol .CONCLUSION:Ex-tracellular ethanol induces chloride currents through activating the ClC-3 chloride channels .

There is a close relationship between the Wnt signaling and neurogenesis/angiogenesis, which is significant in the regulation of the brain plasticity. Investigations on the mechanism of Wnt signaling in neurogenesis and angiogenesis are under way, and these investigations contribute to the recognition of the restoration and regeneration after the brain injury.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of the short-segment nerve conduction studies (SSCSs,inching test) of the peroneal nerve across the fibular head in order to diagnose and localize the site of entrapment of the nerve.Methods Fifty-four patients with suspected peroneal nerve palsy and 30 controls were studied.The symptoms all occurred in unilateral leg,involving 25 left legs and 29 right legs.Both long segment motor nerve conduction studies (LSMCs) and SSCSs were performed in all patients and controls.SSCSs were obtained at 2 cm intervals,starting 6 cm proximal (P6,P4 and P2) and 4 cm distal (D2 and D4) ending to the fibular head prominence (P).Results When nerve conduction of the entire 10 cm segment across the fibular head was tested by the conventional method,only 40 showed reduction in amplitude or slowing of motor conduction velocity or both.However,with SSCSs,54 peroneal nerves were all discovered abnormal.The results of comparison of conventional methods suggested that there were significant differences in conduction velocity between the fibular head-Ankle segment and the knee-fibular head segment in the case group,the latter ((33.63 ± 9.29) m/s) being slower than the former ((47.92 ± 4.04) m/s;t =9.776,P =0.000),while there was no obvious abnormality in the control group.The results of the control group detected by SSCSs showed that there was no significant difference between the left and right sides of the mean amplitude of the stimulation points and the mean time of segmental nerve conduction.Therefore,we set the exception criteria as the segmental nerve conduction time is longer than the corresponding control group (i + 2 s),and the CMAP amplitude of proximal stimulation point decreased by more than 20％ than the adjacent distal segment.In accordance with this standard,we found that the lesions were located in P6 to P4 in 2/54 (3.7％) legs,P4 to P2 in 4/54 (7.4％) legs,P2 to P in 43/54 (79.6％) legs,P to D2 in 12/54 (22.2％) legs,D2 to D4 in 3/54 (5.6％) legs,respectively.Consequently,the P2 to P segment was most vulnerable to damage.Conclusions SSCSs are more sensitive in detecting the entrapment of the peroneal nerve across the fibular head than the LSMCs.SSCSs could precisely localize the entrapment lesions,might be a useful tool especially for the detection of mild entrapment which has normal LSMCs findings of the peroneal nerve across the fibular head.

Objective To evaluate the role of adenosine A1 receptors in hippocampal neurons in the cognitive dysfunction caused by isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice.Methods Sixteen male adenosine A1 receptor gene knockout homozygote mice (gene knockout mice) and 16 male wild-type mice,aged 18-22 months,weighing 27-32 g,were studied.Each type of mice was randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and isoflurane anesthesia group (group Ⅰ).Mice inhaled 1.4％ isoflurane in 100％ O2 for 2 h in group Ⅰ,and 100％ O2 for 2 h in group C.All the mice underwent Morris water maze test at 24 h after isoflurane or O2 inhalation.After the test,the mice were sacrificed and the hippocampal tissues were harvested to determine the number of β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) plaques (using immunohistochemistry) and expression of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein,and 2B subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NR2B) (by Western blot analysis).Results Compared with group C of wild type mice,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the number of Aβ1-42 plaques was enlarged,the expression of p-tau protein was up-regulated,and the expression of N R2B was down-regulated in group Ⅰ of wild type mice.Compared with group Ⅰ of wild type mice,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the number of Aβ1-42 plaques was decreased,the expression of p-tau protein was down-regulated,and the expression of NR2B was up-regulated in group Ⅰ of gene knockout mice.There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group Ⅰ and group C of gene knockout mice.Conclusion Adenosine A1 receptors in hippocampal neurons mediate isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice,and the mechanism may be related to promotion of deposition of Aβ,phosphorylation of tau protein and inhibition of activities of NR2B.

Objective To investigate of effect and mechanism of honokiol against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Forty SPF BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (N =8),normal control group,LPS group,low-and high-dose magnolol groups,and dexamethasone group.The mouse model of ALI was induced by LPS.After intraperitoneal injection of honokiol,we detected neutrophil count,concentration of albumin,and pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)as well as alveolar permeability.We also detected the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA),protein carbonyl content(PCC),reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione(CAT),and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase,glutathione peroxidase (GPx),and glutathione-S-transferase(GST) in lung tissue of mice.Results In the LPS group,the neutrophil count,albumin concentration,MPO activity and Evans blue (EB)content were increased (P ＜ 0.05),and anti-oxidase activity was decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment with honokiol,the neutrophil count,albumin concentration,MPO activity,EB content,and lipid peroxidation level were decreased significantly,and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Honokiol has protective effects against LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting oxidative stress.

Objective: The signal transduction pathway of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K) may play important roles in promoting angiogenesis induced by growth factors.The involvement of CD151,a member of transmember-4 superfamily,remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effects of the recombinant adeno-associated virus mediated CD151(rAAV-CD151) gene delivery on capillary density in myocardial infarction swine and its mechanisms.Methods: We established the swine model of myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation,and intramuscularly injected rAAV-CD151,rAAV-GFP and rAAV-antiCD151 into the ischemic myocardium.Eight weeks after coronary artery ligation,we detected the expression of CD151,and measured capillary density by immunostaining for the von Willebrand factor.Results: Compared with the control and the rAAV-GFP groups,the rAAV-CD151 group showed a higher CD151 protein expression and capillary density in ischemic myocardium after myocardial infarction(P