Abstract?AlM:To analyze the blindness causes of 1854 cases in our hospital hospitalized patients, and explore the strategy and direction of blindness prevention according to the different treatment efficacy.?METHODS: Cluster sampling was used to select from September 2010 to August 2013 in our hospital department of ophthalmology patients 5 473 cases, in which total of 1 854 cases of blind patients, accounting for 33. 88% of hospitalized patients. According to the WHO's criteria of blindness. The BCVA enacted <0. 05 or vision radius less than 10 degrees are for the blind, and the exclusion of less than 3 years old children don't cope with visual inspection of the inclusion criteria for age and cause of blindness blind patients were analyzed. To the blind to patient age and etiology were analyzed, the main cause of blindness and statistics of all ages, records of the blind patients after treatment eye sight;and calculating the blindness of the literacy rate, on the blindness through analysis of the causes of the risk treatment.?RESULTS:ln 1 854 cases of blind patients, including 728 people right-eye blinding, 767 people left-eyes blinding, 359 people total blinding, adding up to 2 213 eyes, aged from 60~80 years old were in the majority. The top three diseases resulting blindness were cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. ln 2 213 blind eyes, the eyes treated were 2 172, of which 1 762 eyes ( 81. 12%) were succeeded, 410 eyes ( 18. 88%) failed. ln the failed cases, the first three diseases were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinal detachment.?CONCLUSlON: ln recent years, disease etiology of blinding eye has changed, but cataracts, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are still high incidence of blindness due, so the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinal detachment should be the emphasis for blindness prevention and treatment in the future.

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of proximal femur locking compression plate for treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in old patients. Methods Clinical data and visit records of 98 cases of intertrochanteric fracture old patients were analysed retro-spectively. According to the treatment of operative methods, these patients were divided into two groups: 46 patients in the control group were given the dynamic hip screw fixation; the other 52 cases in the observation group were given the proximal femur locking compression plate . Compared the therapeutic effect and safety of the two groups. Results The short-term and long-term therapeutic effect of observation group were significantly better than the control group,and the safety of observation group was higher than that of the control group,the differ-ences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Proximal femur locking compression plates is an effective surgical treatment for old patients with intertrochanteric fracture. It can significantly improve the function of hip joint and reduce the risk of postoperative complica-tions. As it is of significant effect and high safety, it is worthy of clinical popularization.

BACKGROUND:Al ogeneic penetrating keratoplasty is the most effective method for treating corneal blindness. However, the incidence of rejections is high after keratoplasty, so it is urgent to develop an immunosuppressive drug with high efficacy and low toxicity. OBJECTIVE:To establish al ogeneic penetrating keratoplasty models and monitor the expression of tumor necrosis factor-αin blank control group and after transforming growth factor-β1 eyedrop during acute rejection period of corneal grafts. METHODS:Al ogeneic penetrating keratoplasty models were established and were randomly divided into blank control group, ciclosporin A group (1%ciclosporin A), and transforming growth factor-β1 group (1μg/ml transforming growth factor-β1 eyedrop). The medications from each group commenced at 1 day after surgery, one eyedrop once, three eyedrops per day. Al the operated eyes were given 0.3%ofloxacin ophthalmic solutions and 0.5%tropicaide ophthalmic solution, three times per day, for 12 days. The corneal grafts were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunihistochemical staining (SABC method), to detect tumor necrosis factor-αexpression in corneal grafts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that, corneal grafts were significantly thickened, a large number of histoleucocytes and lymphocytes infiltrated in the blank control group;corneal grafts showed normal thickness and no inflammatory cel s infiltrated in the transforming growth factor-β1 group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that, there were less cel s positive for tumor necrosis factor-αin the transforming growth factor-β1 group compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). Transforming growth factor-β1 eyedrops can reduce the expression of tumor necrosis factor-αin the corneal grafts during acute rejection period, and reduce the inflammatory cel s infiltration in the corneal grafts, which is probably the mechanism of transforming growth factor-β1 to prevent and treat corneal al ograft rejection.

Based on the word-formation of Medical English terms,this paper gives a comprehensive analysis of their transformation and adaptation in Chinese language and culture.Three major factors are discussed for the application and diversification of medical English terms,including the language family in translation,linguistic context,situational context and cultural context.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effectiveness and safety of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral enucleative resection of the prostate (TUERP) in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSA total of 630 BPH patients with indication of surgery were randomly assigned to receive TURP (n = 305) and TUERP (n = 325), respectively. There were no significant differences preoperatively in age, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and Qmax between the two groups (P > 0.05). The prostate resection rate, operation time, postoperative complications, and quality of life (QOL) of the patients were recorded and statistically analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with TURP, TUERP showed a significantly higher rate of prostate resection ([47.0 +/- 13.3] vs [60.1 +/- 12.3]%, P < 0.05), shorter operation time ([57.9 +/- 15.9] vs [40.4 +/- 14.2] min, P < 0.05), and shorter bladder irrigation time ([2.7 +/- 0.6] vs [2.2 + 1.1] d, P < 0.05). Significant differences were found between the pre- and post-operative levels of serum sodium and hemoglobin in the TURP group ([141.2 +/- 3.5 ] vs [136.9 +/- 4.7] mmol/L, P < 0.01; [137.6 +/- 8.8] vs [124.8 +/- 9.6] g/L, P < 0.01), but not in the TUERP group. Three months after operation, IPSS, QOL, and Qmax were all markedly improved in both groups (P < 0.01), but with no significant differences between the two groups (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONTUERP is better than TURP in the treatment of BPH for its advantages of higher resection rate of the prostate, shorter operation time and bladder irrigation time, less intraoperative blood loss, fewer postoperative complications, and faster recovery.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe preventive and therapeutic effects of Tanshinone IIA (T II A) on oxaliplatin induced peripheral neuropathy (OlPN) and to explore its effects on the expression of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and never growth factor (NGF).

METHODSTotally 36 phase II - III patients with malignant tumor of digestive tract undergoing chemotherapy program with oxaliplatin, were equally assigned to the T II A group (using THA at 80 mg/day 1 day before oxaliplatin chemotherapy for 3 successive days) and the control group (using chemotherapy program with oxaliplatin alone) by segmented randomization. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy, the incidence degree and incidence of OlPN were evaluated. Sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity ( MNCV) were tested by EMG evoked potential device. Serum levels of CGRP and NGF were also detected in the two groups before and after chemotherapy. The correlation of serum levels of CGRP and NGF to OIPN was assessed using linear correlation analysis.

RESULTSAfter chemotherapy the OlPN incidence was 27.8% (5/18 cases) in the T II A group, obviously lower than that in the control group (55.6%, 10/18 cases; P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, SNCV and MNCV of common peroneal nerve were slowed down, serum NGF levels decreased, and serum CGRP levels obviously increased in the two groups (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment, SNCV and MNCV of common peroneal nerve were obviously accelerated, serum NGF levels increased, and serum CGRP levels obviously decreased in the THA group (all P < 0.05). Results of linear correlation analysis indicated serum NGF level was negatively correlated with peripheral neuropathy (PN), serum CGRP expression was positively correlated with neurotoxicity (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONT II A could reduce the incidence of OlPN, which might be associated with inhibiting the expression of CGRP and up-regulating NGF activities.

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factor ; blood ; Neural Conduction ; drug effects ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; adverse effects ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Up-Regulation

Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiation effects

Objective To investigate the expression of bradykinin as a substrate of CD26/DPP Ⅳ in rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury following lung transplantation (LTx). Methods Thirty-six syngeneic male SD rats were randomly allocated into control group and experimental group (n= 18each), and 36 rats served as donors. In control group and experimental group, the lungs were flushperfused and preserved with LPD and LPD+ CD26/DPP TV catalytic inhibitor (AB192) respectively,and LTx was performed 18 h after cold ischemia Histopathological studies were also done on the same locus of lung specimens and staining for bradykinin. The different proteins were separated by means of immobilized PH gradient-based two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The differential expression of bradykinin was compared by Western blotting. Results The expression of bradykinin in control group was significantly higher than in experimental group. As compared with experimental group,bradykinin expression was significantly up-regulated in control group (P <0 . 05 ). Conclusion Inhibitor of CD26/DDP Ⅳ enzymatic activity significantly ameliorated ischemia/reperfusion injury in the early stage after LTx, which is probably associated with inhibition of the protein expression of bradykinin.

Objective:To propose a method to evaluate the total body water (TBW) of patients on hemodialysis with urea kinetic model (UKM), and compare it with body surface bio-impedance spectrum (BIS) analysis. Methods:We enrolled 24 adult patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) without hyper-catabolism in our dialysis center. All of them had been on hemodialysis for more than 3 months. TBW was measured with BIS analysis immediately before and after dialysis session, and one hour after hemodialysis session. Spent dialysate was collected; blood samples were taken before and one hour after hemodialysis session, TBW before hemodialysis session were calculated by UKM. Results:Patients were 6 men and 18 women, the average age was (51.2?13.5) years and the average time on dialysis was (33.2?36.7) months. Causes of ESRD included chronic glomerulonephritis (8 patients), diabetic nephropathy (1 patients), hypertensive renal damage (1 patients), interstitial nephritis(two patients), chronic pyelonephritis (two patients). The average ultrafiltration volume was (2.7?1.0) L (0.5-4.4 L) . Plasma urea concentrations were (23.06?5.76) mmol/L and (8.15?2.06) mmol/L before and one hour after hemodialysis session, respectively. There was no significant difference between TBW measured immediately after and one hour after hemodialysis session with BIS analysis [(29.9?8.8) L and (29.8?8.6) L, respectively; average difference was (0.1?0.9)L, P=0.70]. These two measurements correlated very well (Pearson r=0.99, P

Objective: To study the fluid distribution abnormalities in patients on hemodialysis and fluid shift between intracellular and extracellular compartment during hemodialysis (HD).Methods: Eighty stable end stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis were selected. Conventional low flux dialyses at dialysate sodium concentration of 138 mmoL/L were performed for all of the patients. Fresenius polysulphons or Gambro hemophon dialyzers were used. All of the patients showed no clinical signs of over ultrafiltration during HD sessions and dry body weights were considered adequate. Intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW) and total body water (TBW) were measured and standardized by body weight (nICW, nECW, nTBW) before and after HD sessions. Sixty-seven cases of sex, age and body weight matched normal individuals were used as controls. Bio-impedance spectrum (BIS) analysis (Xitron, Technolo gies, San Diego, CA, USA) was used in body fluid measurement. Pre and post HD nICW, nECW, and nTBW were compared with these of the controls.Results: There were no differences in age, post-dialysis body weight and body mass index between patients on hemodialysis and the controls. Patients on hemodialysis had less nICW [male (0.28?0.05) vs (0.33?0.04), P