Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in China and around the world. Population-based survival analysis can reflect the overall level of cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in countries or regions, providing basic information for making efficient health policies. Breast cancer survival varies among countries or regions because of differences among races, so-cioeconomic factors, healthcare services, and cancer diagnosis and treatment. Breast cancer prognosis is closely related to tumor stage, status of receptors, and treatments. By determining the relationship between breast cancer survival and related factors, the re-sults can help in predicting the prognosis and evaluating the quality of care services. The article provides an overview of breast cancer survival in China and abroad, as well as references for cancer surveillance.

Objective:Population-based cancer registration data were used to analyze stomach cancer epidemiology in China. Meth-ods:Stomach cancer data were retrieved from the National Central Cancer Registry Database, and incident and death cases were esti-mated. The trend of stomach cancer was analyzed. Results:Approximately 424,000 new cancer cases and 298,000 cancer deaths oc-curred in China in 2012. The incidence and mortality rates of stomach cancer in urban males and females remained stable in 2000-2012, whereas the rates in rural males increased and less changes were observed in rural females. After age standardization, both inci-dence and mortality rates significantly decreased. The five-year age-standardized relative survival rate was 27.4% (95%CI: 26.7%-18.1%) in 2003-2005. Conclusion:Stomach cancer is a common cancer, which has heavy burden in China, particularly in rural areas. Ef-forts should be exerted for the prevention and control of the disease.

Objective:To explore the effect of different tidal volumes (VT) on the hemodynamics of right heart in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rats induced by oleic acid (OA).Methods:Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group ( n = 20), ARDS model group ( n = 20), low VT (LVT) group ( n = 10) and high VT (HVT) group ( n = 10) by random number table. ARDS model was reproduced by injecting OA 0.15 mL/kg through a jugular vein. The control group was given the same amount of normal saline. The success of modeling was judged by the oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2) 2 hours after modeling, at the same time, the lung tissues were collected, the wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio was determined, and the lung histopathological changes were measured by lung injury score. The rats in the LVT group and HVT group were given mechanical ventilation with VT of 6 mL/kg or 20 mL/kg for 4 hours, respectively at 2 hours after modeling. The rats in the control group and the ARDS model group maintained spontaneous breathing. After mechanical ventilation for 4 hours, the heart rate (HR), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the maximum rate of rising of right ventricular pressure (dp/dt max), and the blood pressure (BP) were measured. Meanwhile, arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis, including pH value, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) and PaO 2/FiO 2. Results:The rats in the ARDS model group showed symptoms of respiratory distress 1 hour after modeling, and the lung tissue samples showed obvious patchy bleeding 2 hours after modeling, while the control group showed no such changes. The PaO 2/FiO 2 in the ARDS model group was significantly lower than that in the control group [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 294.3±5.9 vs. 459.0±4.4, P < 0.01], and the lung W/D ratio and lung injury score were significantly higher (lung W/D ratio: 8.24±0.25 vs. 4.48±0.13, lung injury score: 0.60±0.03 vs. 0.12±0.02, both P < 0.01). It indicated that ARDS model was successfully reproduced. The arterial blood gas analysis and hemodynamic parameters of the ARDS model group were significantly worse than those of the control group. After 4-hour mechanical ventilation, the blood gas parameters of the LVT group were better than those of the ARDS model group and the HVT group [pH value: 7.36±0.02 vs. 7.24±0.02, 7.13±0.01; PaO 2 (mmHg): 92.4±2.1 vs. 61.8±2.3, 76.6±2.2; PaCO 2 (mmHg): 49.6±1.7 vs. 61.8±1.8, 33.6±1.3; PaO 2/FiO 2 (mmHg): 440.0±10.2 vs. 274.3±21.4, 364.7±10.5; all P < 0.05]. HR, BP and dp/dt max in the LVT group were significantly higher than those in the ARDS model group and the HVT group [HR (bpm): 346.9±5.4 vs. 302.3±10.1, 265.5±12.2; BP (mmHg): 125.4±2.2 vs. 110.0±2.5, 89.2±2.8; dp/dt max (mmHg/s): 1 393.3±30.3 vs. 1 236.4±20.5, 896.1±19.5; all P < 0.05], and RVSP was significantly lower than that in the ARDS model group and the HVT group (mmHg: 31.3±0.4 vs. 34.0±1.0, 38.8±0.9, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Mechanical ventilation with low VT can improve the hemodynamic parameters of the right ventricle and protect the function of the right heart in ARDS rats.

Objective To investigate the influences of arctigenin(ATG)on ventricular remodeling and inflammatory reaction in chronic heart failure(CHF)rats,and to analyze its potential mecha-nism.Methods A total of 79 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(n=12),and the remaining rats were inflicted with abdominal aortic coarctation to establish a rat CHF model.After modeling,60 CHF rats were randomly divided into CHF group,low and high dose ATG group(ATG-L and ATG-H groups,10 and 20 mg/kg,respectively),ATG+NC group[20 mg/kg ATG+100 μl high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)negative control plasmid],and ATG+HMGB1 group(20 mg/kg ATG+100 pl HMGB1 overexpression plasmid),with 12 rats per group.After 4 weeks of corresponding intervention,heart function,levels of B-type brain na-triuretic peptide(BNP),N-terminal B-type brain natriuretic peptide precursor(NT-proBNP)andIL-6 and TNF-α,heart mass index(HMI)and left ventricular mass index(LVMI),pathological changes of myocardial tissue,cross-sectional area of myocardial cells and myocardial collagen vol-ume fraction(CVF)and protein expression of HMGB1/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/NF-κB sig-naling pathway in left ventricular myocardial tissue were measured.Results Compared with the sham operation group,myocardial tissue HMGB1(0.42±0.05 vs 0.15±0.02)and TLR4(0.70± 0.09 vs 0.21±0.04)protein levels,and phosphorylated NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65(0.73±0.09 vs 0.26±0.05)protein ratio were obviously increased in the CHF group,while the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular short-axis fractional shortening(LVFS)were obviously decreased(P＜0.05).Myocardial tissue HMGB1(0.33±0.04、0.24±0.04 vs 0.42±0.05)and TLR4(0.56±0.06、0.41±0.05 vs 0.70±0.09)protein levels,and p-NF κB p65/NF-KB p65(0.61±0.08、0.49±0.06 vs 0.73±0.09)protein ratio were decreased,and the LVEF and LVFS were increased in the ATG-L group and ATG-H group than the CHF group(P＜0.05).Overexpression of HMGB1 obviously attenuated the inhibitory effects of ATG on HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway,ventricular remodeling,and inflammatory reaction in CHF rats(P＜0.05).Conclusion ATG may suppress ventricular remodeling in CHF rats by in-hibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling inflammatory pathway.

Objective To explore the changes of mineral and bone metabolism before and after renal transplantation as well as the effect of preoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) level on postoperative mineral and bone metabolism.Methods In this retrospective analysis,we recruited 82 cases of renal transplant recipients with normal renal function and receiving kidney transplantation in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2015.All of these patients had intact PTH (iPTH) level ＞300 pg/mL.We chose 26 cases of recipients whose preoperative iPTH was more than or equal to 800 pg/mL as very high PTH group,and 56 cases of recipients whose preoperative iPTH was between 301-799 pg/mL as high PTH group.We monitored and performed analysis of the total serum calcium (Ca),serum inorganic phosphorus (P),25-(hydroxyl) vitamin D3 (25 OHD),serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP),Beta C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX),N-terminal/midregion (N-MID) pre-and 1 month,4 months,1 year,2 years,3 years post-kidney transplantation.Results Serum total calcium in the two groups was gradually increased,returned to normal range 1 month post-transplantation and reached the plateau 4 months post-transplantation.The incidence of hypercalcemia in very high PTH group was statistically significantly higher than in high PTH group.Serum phosphorus in the two groups showed a trend of gradual decline after renal transplantation,and returned to the normal range 1 month post-transplantation.The serum phosphorus level in very high PTH group reached the plateau 4 months post-transplantation,and that in high PTH group 1 month post-transplantation.Compared with high PTH group,very high PTH group has greater The incidence of long-term hypophosphatemia after renal transplantation was significantly higher in very high PTH group then in high PTH group.iPTH,ALP,β-CTX and N-MID in the two groups showed a downward trend after renal transplantation.At first month post-transplantation,iPTH,ALP,β-CTX and N-MID levels were reduced most significantly.The average levels of the three mentioned indicators in very high PTH group were higher than in high PTH group at every time point after surgery with the difference being significant during the early post-transplantation period.The anomalies of iPTH and β-CTX levels persisted to long term after transplantation in very high PTH group.25-OHD levels in these two groups showed rising trend after renal transplantation,reached the plateau 4 months posttransplantation,but failed to achieve the ideal reference level,and no significant difference was found between two groups at any time point monitored.Conclusion The anomalies of mineral and bone metabolism after renal transplantation could persist a long time.Conclusion hyperparathyroidism in the renal transplantation plays an important role in mineral and bone metabolism.Preoperative severe HPT could continue to post-transplantation period and increase the incidence of hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia long term after transplantation,which may aggravate bone turnover and this effect can last a long time after transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the effect of ultrasound transdermal delivery in children with swelling and pain after supracondylar fracture of the humerus. Methods: Totally 103 cases of humeral supracondylar fractures from January to June 2017 were divided into control group (50 cases) and experimental group (53 cases) by random number table method. The control group was treated with conventional detumescence and intravenous drug therapy,while the experimental group was given the local target ultrasonic percutaneous delivery in accordance with the doctor′s advice on the basis of routine treatment. By comparing the two groups in terms of postoperative pain, swelling relief, starting time for getting out of bed, hospitalization time, and parental satisfaction of children, we investigated the effect of ultrasonic ultrasound transdermal delivery on children with swelling and analgesia after supracondylar fracture of the humerus. Results: Postoperative pain relief and swelling relief were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared with the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).The time of starting to get out of bed activity and hospitalization were respectively (8.20 ± 0.25) hours and (5.12 ± 0.27) days, and the control group was (23.80 ± 0.15) hours, (7.35 ± 0.38) days, respectively.The comparison was statistically significant (t=24.241, 7.654, all P<0.05). The parents' satisfaction in the experimental group was very satisfied, relatively satisfied, basically satisfied and unsatisfied, respectively 88.68% (47/53), 7.55% (4/53), 3.77% (2/53), 0, the control group was 64.00% (32/50), 26.00% (13/50), 10.00% (5/50), 0(0/50), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=5.294 2, P<0.05). Conclusions The accuracy of ultrasonic percutaneous local target placement for the treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children is effective in the intervention of pain and swelling, and the comfort is better. It is a new choice for the treatment of limb fractures with pain in children.

Objective:To investigate whether myocardial inflammation and apoptosis are involved in right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) induced by injurious mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (VT) in rats.Methods:Total 30 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (CON group), the low VT ventilation group (LVT group) and the injurious mechanical ventilation group (HVT group), with 10 rats in each group. The CON group was maintained spontaneous breathing, the LVT group and HVT group were ventilated with different VT 6 mL/kg and 20 mL/kg for 4 hours, respectively. The right jugular vein and the left carotid artery were catheterized and connected with the PowerLab biological signal acquisition and analysis system to record heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the maximum rate of rising of right ventricular pressure (+dp/dt max). Echocardiography was performed to measure left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDd), tricuspid annulus plane systolic migration (TAPSE) and myocardial performance index (MPI). The rats were sacrified by cervical dislocation. Specimens of right ventricle tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and morphological changes of right ventricle tissues were observed under light microscope. Real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase-3, apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2.Results:HR, MAP, +dp/dt max gradually decreased, while RVSP gradually increased in different group with the increase of VT ventilation. There was no significant difference between the CON group and LVT group. However, there was a statistically significant difference with respect to these index in HVT group as compared to CON group and LVT group [HR (bpm): 397.6±5.7 vs. 433.0±4.8, 441.6±7.8; MAP (mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 102.0±2.4 vs. 108.5±2.2, 110.6±2.1; +dp/dt max (mmHg/s): 2 357.65±62.80 vs. 2 661.27±55.62, 2 679.43±75.13; RVSP (mmHg): 28.8±1.0 vs. 22.6±10.8, 21.9±0.4; all P < 0.05]. Echocardiography findings showed that RVEDd/LVEDd and MPI gradually increased, TAPSE gradually decreased in different group with the increase of VT ventilation. There was no significant difference between the LVT group and CON group. However, there was a statistically significant difference with respect to these indexes in HVT group as compared to the CON group and LVT group [RVEDd/LVEDd: 0.36±0.02 vs. 0.26±0.01, 0.23±0.02; MPI: 1.23±0.03 vs. 0.84±0.04, 0.86±0.03; TAPSE (mm): 1.65±0.03 vs. 1.88±0.02, 1.91±0.04; all P < 0.05]. Histopathological observation of the right ventricle tissue showed that myocardial cells of the rats in the CON group were orderly arranged and uniformed in size. In the LVT group, there was a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the myocardial interstitium, while in the HVT group, the myocardial cell arrangement was obviously disordered, the structure was obviously damaged, and more inflammatory cell infiltration was found. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-3 and Bax in HVT group were significantly higher than those in the LVT group and CON group [mRNA expression (2 -ΔΔCt): IL-6 were 1.97±0.07 vs. 1.09±0.02, 1.02±0.03, TNF-α were 1.69±0.10 vs. 1.10±0.03, 1.05±0.04, caspase-3 were 1.82±0.09 vs. 1.08±0.02, 1.06±0.03, Bax were 2.19±0.14 vs. 1.07±0.03, 1.04±0.03; protein expression (gray value): IL-6 were 0.64±0.02 vs. 0.38±0.03, 0.31±0.04, TNF-α were 0.50±0.04 vs. 0.16±0.01, 0.15±0.01, caspase-3 were 0.58±0.02 vs. 0.29±0.01, 0.25±0.02, Bax were 0.50±0.03 vs. 0.21±0.01, 0.26±0.02; all P < 0.05], and the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 in the HVT group were lower than those in the LVT group and CON group [mRNA expression (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.23±0.05 vs. 1.43±0.05, 1.50±0.08; protein expression (gray value): 0.42±0.02 vs. 0.62±0.03, 0.65±0.03, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Myocardial inflammation and apoptosis may be involved in RVD induced by injurious mechanical ventilation.

Objective The national population?based cancer registration data were used to analyze the liver cancer incidence and trend in China,in order to provide advise for making further strategy on liver cancer prevention and control. Methods Liver cancer data of 2011 were retrieved from the database of the National Cancer Registry. The incident cases of liver cancer were estimated using age?specific rate by urban or rural areas and gender according to the national population in 2011. Liver cancer incidence data from 22 cancer registries were used to analyze the incidence trend during 2000?2011. Results The estimates of new cases of liver cancer were about 356 thousand in China in 2011. The incidence rate was 26.39/105 , and the age?standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population and by world population were 19.48/105 and 19.10/105, respectively.There was an increasing trend of incidence rate of liver cancer in China during 2000?2011 with an average annual percentage change(AAPC) of 1.0%(95%CI:0.5%?1.4%), 1.2%(95%CI:0.7%?1.8%)in urban areas and 1.1%(95%CI:0.5%?1.8%) in rural areas. After age standardization, the incidence rate was significantly decreased, with an AAPC of -1. 8%( 95%CI:-2. 4% to -1. 2%) ,-1. 6%(95%CI: -2.2% to -0.9%)in urban and -1.4% (95%CI:-2.5% to -0.3%)in rural areas. Conclusions Liver cancer is a common cancer in China. As changing in people′s dietary habits and implementing neonatal HBV vaccination for years, the exposure to risk factors is reducing, and age?standardized incidence rate is decreasing. While cardinal number of population is big and aging population is growing rapidly in the country, trend of incidence rate is increasing,and the burden of liver cancer is still high in China.

Objective Based on the cancer registry data to analyze the mortality and survival of liver cancer in China. Methods Liver cancer data of 2011 were retrieved from the National Cancer Registry Database.Liver cancer deaths were estimated using age?specific rate by areas and gender according to the national population in 2011. Mortality data from 22 cancer registries during 2000?2011 were used to analyze the mortality trend, and data from 17 cancer registries during 2003?2005 were used for survival analysis. Results The estimates of liver cancer deaths were about 322 thousand in 2011 with a crude mortality rate of 23.93/105.There was an increasing trend of crude mortality rate of liver cancer during 2000?2011 in 22 Chinese cancer registries with an average annual percentage change of 0.7%(95%CI:0.2%?1.2%), 1.1%in urban and 0. 4% in rural areas. After age standardization with Segi′s population, the mortality rate was significantly decreased, with an APC of -2.3%, -1.9% in urban and -2.2% in rural populations. The 5?year age standardized relative survival was 10.1%(95%CI:9.5% to 10.7%), and the 1?, 3?and the 5?year observed survival rates were 27.2%, 12.7%, and 8.9%, respectively. Conclusion Liver cancer is a major cancer threatening people′s lives and health in China, and the liver cancer burden is still high.

Objective The national population?based cancer registration data were used to analyze the liver cancer incidence and trend in China,in order to provide advise for making further strategy on liver cancer prevention and control. Methods Liver cancer data of 2011 were retrieved from the database of the National Cancer Registry. The incident cases of liver cancer were estimated using age?specific rate by urban or rural areas and gender according to the national population in 2011. Liver cancer incidence data from 22 cancer registries were used to analyze the incidence trend during 2000?2011. Results The estimates of new cases of liver cancer were about 356 thousand in China in 2011. The incidence rate was 26.39/105 , and the age?standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population and by world population were 19.48/105 and 19.10/105, respectively.There was an increasing trend of incidence rate of liver cancer in China during 2000?2011 with an average annual percentage change(AAPC) of 1.0%(95%CI:0.5%?1.4%), 1.2%(95%CI:0.7%?1.8%)in urban areas and 1.1%(95%CI:0.5%?1.8%) in rural areas. After age standardization, the incidence rate was significantly decreased, with an AAPC of -1. 8%( 95%CI:-2. 4% to -1. 2%) ,-1. 6%(95%CI: -2.2% to -0.9%)in urban and -1.4% (95%CI:-2.5% to -0.3%)in rural areas. Conclusions Liver cancer is a common cancer in China. As changing in people′s dietary habits and implementing neonatal HBV vaccination for years, the exposure to risk factors is reducing, and age?standardized incidence rate is decreasing. While cardinal number of population is big and aging population is growing rapidly in the country, trend of incidence rate is increasing,and the burden of liver cancer is still high in China.