Objective To investigate the survival rate, voiding, sexual function after nerve-sparing surgery with extended systematic extraperitoneal lateral lymphadenectomy in lower rectal cancer. Methods Three hundreds and ninety-two cases with advanced lower rectal cancer who underwent nerve-sparing surgery with radical dissection from 1996 to 2000 were reviewed. Among them,173 cases only cleared in abdominal cavity,219 cases coupled with extraperitoneal lateral lymphadenectomy. Results The metastatic rate of lateral lymph node was 17.8%(39/219),the rate of non-modal foci of metastatic disease in lateral out of the abdominal cavity was 5.9%(13/219).Local recurrence rate, the abdominal cavity group was 16.2%(28/173); the coupled group was 9.6%(21/219), P

Objective To evaluate the role of adenosine A1 receptors in hippocampal neurons in the cognitive dysfunction caused by isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice.Methods Sixteen male adenosine A1 receptor gene knockout homozygote mice (gene knockout mice) and 16 male wild-type mice,aged 18-22 months,weighing 27-32 g,were studied.Each type of mice was randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and isoflurane anesthesia group (group Ⅰ).Mice inhaled 1.4％ isoflurane in 100％ O2 for 2 h in group Ⅰ,and 100％ O2 for 2 h in group C.All the mice underwent Morris water maze test at 24 h after isoflurane or O2 inhalation.After the test,the mice were sacrificed and the hippocampal tissues were harvested to determine the number of β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) plaques (using immunohistochemistry) and expression of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein,and 2B subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NR2B) (by Western blot analysis).Results Compared with group C of wild type mice,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the number of Aβ1-42 plaques was enlarged,the expression of p-tau protein was up-regulated,and the expression of N R2B was down-regulated in group Ⅰ of wild type mice.Compared with group Ⅰ of wild type mice,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the number of Aβ1-42 plaques was decreased,the expression of p-tau protein was down-regulated,and the expression of NR2B was up-regulated in group Ⅰ of gene knockout mice.There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group Ⅰ and group C of gene knockout mice.Conclusion Adenosine A1 receptors in hippocampal neurons mediate isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice,and the mechanism may be related to promotion of deposition of Aβ,phosphorylation of tau protein and inhibition of activities of NR2B.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the essentials of operation and the postoperative effect of right hemicolonic carcinoma with anterograde clearance of lymph nodes.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty-five patients with right hemicolonic infiltrated carcinoma, who were eligible for radical excision (D(3)), were divided into 2 groups. Among them, the anterograde clearance of lymph nodes was performed on 56 cases; the retrograde clearance was performed on 79 cases. Both groups showed no significant difference in age, sex, Dukes' staging and pathological type.

RESULTSThe average time of operation: the anterograde group was (180 +/- 40) min; the retrograde group was (180 +/- 20) min. The average amount of bleeding: the anterograde group was (200 +/- 80) ml; the retrograde group was (200 +/- 30) ml. The cleared number of lymph nodes: the anterograde group were 6.3 +/- 4.2, 2.6 +/- 3.1, 1.5 +/- 2.3 in paracolon, middle and radicel of vasorum respectively, the total number was 11.4 +/- 8.6; the retrograde group were 6.4 +/- 2.2, 2.8 +/- 2.1, 1.1 +/- 1.1 respectively, the total number was 10.8 +/- 5.6 (P > 0.05). The postoperative metastasis to liver: the anterograde group was 8 cases (13.9%); the retrograde group was 21 cases (26.6%, P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate: the anterograde group was 72.8% (41/56); the retrograde group was 65.5% (52/79) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe operative technique of the excision was little difficulty and complexity, and it could fit well with the requirement of non touch isolation, and act to cut down the postoperative metastasis to liver and to elevate 5-year survival rate.

Adult ; Colonic Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo consider the relationship to survival rate and quality of life with pararectal lymphadenectomy for lower carcinoma of rectum.

METHODSThe radical operation was performed on 780 cases of progressive cancer located at peritoneal reflection or below it, Among them, 352 cases only cleared in abdominal cavity, 428 cases coupled with extra-peritoneal histopathological type.

RESULTSUrinary function injured, the group cleared in abdominal cavity was 12 cases, accounted for 3.6%; the group coupled with extra-peritoneal clearance was 225 cases, for 52.5% (P < 0.01). Sexual function damaged (only for male), the abdominal cavity group was 23 cases, for 12.6% (23/185); the coupled group was 127 cases, for 53.4% (127/238), (P < 0.01). Local relapse rate, the abdominal cavity group was 15.8% (56/352); the coupled group was 8.6% (41/428), (P < 0.05). 5-year survival rate, the abdominal cavity group was 52.2%; the coupled group was 58.5% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBy contrast, although abdominal cavity coupled with extraperitoneal lymphadenectomy acted to cut down local relapse and to elevate 5-year survival rate, the postoperative quality of life appeared to be seriously affected.

Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Male ; Proctocolectomy, Restorative ; Quality of Life ; Rectal Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

AIM: To investigate the antitumor activity and mechanism of Paecilomyces tenuipes polysaccharide(PTPS).METHODS: PTPS-I was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation,and purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography.Human erythroleukemia cell line K562,laryngocarcinoma cell line Hep2 and hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721were co-cultured with PTPS-I or the conditioned medium which prepared with PTPS-I-stimulated human mononuclear cells(PTPS-I-MNC-CM),and the proliferation of tumor cells was determined.The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) was used to determine the proliferation of MNCs.The FQ-RT-PCR was applied to investigate the expression of TNF-? and IL-6 mRNA in MNCs.RESULTS: PTPS-I-MNC-CM inhibited the proliferation of K562,Hep2 and SMMC-7721 cells in vitro(P

OBJECTIVETooth eruption requires the presence of the dental follicle (DF) around the unerupted tooth. This study is to investigate programmed cell death on human dental follicle cells and changes of programmed cell death under different hydrostatic pressures: 0, 50 and 100 kPa.

METHODSHuman dental follicles from third mandibular molars were surgically removed from adolescents who need for orthodontics treatment after informed content, then trypsinized and cultured. Human dental follicle cells were divided into three groups according to different hydrostatic pressures: 0, 50 and 100 kPa and their programmed cell death were labeled by using TdT-medi-ated-dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL).

RESULTSDental follicle cells cultured were elongate shape and exhibited fibroblastic characteristics. Compared with 0 kPa, programmed cell death cells on human dental follicle cells were increased 0.23% and 31.65% under 50 kPa and 100 kPa hydrostatic pressures respectively. 100 kPa group increased significantly (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIt suggested that programmed cell death occured in human dental follicle cells cultured in vitro and was influenced by different hydrostatic pressures. Hydrostatic pressure may improve tooth erup-tion through dental follicle.

Adolescent ; Apoptosis ; Dental Sac ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Molar ; Tooth Eruption

BACKGROUNDMany studies suggest that the gamma irradiation decreases allograft strength in a dose-dependent manner. However, no study has demonstrated that this decrease in strength translates into higher failure rate in meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on macroscopic and histological alterations of transplanted meniscal tissue and joint cartilage after MAT.

METHODSMedial total meniscectomies were performed on the right knees of 60 New Zealand white rabbits. All meniscal allografts were divided into three groups (20 in each group) and then sterilized with 0 Mrad, 1.5 Mrad, or 2.5 Mrad of gamma irradiation. For each group, 5 menisci were randomly chosen for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis and the remaining 15 were prepared for MAT surgeries. Forty-five right knees received MAT surgeries (0 Mrad group, 1.5 Mrad group, 2.5 Mrad group, 15 in each group), whereas the remaining 15 only received medial meniscectomy (Meni group). The left knees of the Meni group were chosen as the Sham group (n = 15). All the rabbits were sacrificed at week 24 postoperatively. Cartilage of the medial compartment of each group was evaluated macroscopically using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score and then histologically using the Mankin score based on the Masson Trichrome staining.

RESULTSThe SEM analysis confirmed that the meniscal collagen fibers would be significantly damaged as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. At week 24, the overall scores of macroscopic evaluations of the transplanted meniscal tissue showed no significant differences among the three groups receiving MAT surgeries, except for 2 in the 2.5 Mrad group presented partial radial tears at midbody. The ICRS scores and the Mankin scores showed the lowest in the Sham group and the highest in the Meni group (P < 0.05). For the three groups receiving MAT surgeries, the 2.5 Mrad group showed significant higher ICRS scores and Mankin scores than both the 0 Mrad group and the 1.5 Mrad group (P < 0.05). Whereas the 1.5 Mrad group presented similar results to the 0 Mrad group concerning both the ICRS scores and the Mankin scores.

CONCLUSIONSThe current in vivo animal study proved that although the meniscal collagen fibers were damaged after gamma irradiation, the failure rate of MAT surgeries might not significantly increase if the irradiation dose was <1.5 Mrad for New Zealand white rabbits.

Animals ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Transplantation, Homologous ; methods

Adult ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery ; Transplantation, Homologous ; methods

Cyclops of zooplankton propagates prolifically in eutrophic waterbody and it cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process. The mutagenicity of Mesocyclops leukarti and its extermination with oxidants in a drinking waterworks in China were studied. Among five oxidants for use in bench-scale, chlorine dioxide is the most effective and the potassium permanganate is the weakest against Mesocyclops leukarti under the same conditions. Full-scale results showed that Mesocyclops leukarti could be effectively removed from water by 1.0 mg/L chlorine dioxide preoxidation combined with conventional removal physical process. After filtration, chlorite, a by-product of prechlorine dioxide, is stable at 0.45 mg/L, which is lower than the critical value of the USEPA. GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the quantity of organic substance and the mutagenicity in water treated by chlorine dioxide preoxidation are obviously less than those of prechlorination.
Copepoda ; drug effects ; physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Filtration ; methods ; Oxidants ; toxicity ; Survival Rate ; Water Pollutants ; isolation & purification ; Water Pollution ; prevention & control ; Water Purification ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on Kupffer cells and its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) on rat liver graft.

METHODSThe Kupffer cells following IRI were isolated and divided into control, ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and anti-CD14 antibody group. The mRNA and protein expression of CD14 and TLR4, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity and TNF-alpha level in supernatant were measured.

RESULTSThe mRNA and protein expression of CD14 and TLR4 in IR group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01). The NF-kappaB activity and TNF-alpha level in IR group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01), and they greatly decreased after anti CD14 antibody treatment (compared with IR group, P < 0.05), but were still significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSLPS following IRI could up-regulate CD14 and TLR4 gene and protein expression on Kupffer cells, and subsequently activate NF-kappaB to produce cytokines, but other signal transduction pathways might also participate in the IRI.

Animals ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kupffer Cells ; pathology ; physiology ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Liver Transplantation ; pathology ; physiology ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; secretion