OBJECTIVE: To screen pressure sensitive adhesive system and penetration enhancer of rutaecarpine transdermal patch. METHODS: The patch was prepared by solvent evaporation method. The ratio between pressure sensitive adhesive (Eudragit E100), crosslinking agent (succinic acid) and plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate) of the rutaecarpine patch were screened through Box-Behnken design by using adhesion (stick power, shear strength, peel force) as the index. The ratio between pressure sensitive adhesives and chemical enhancers (azone and oleic acid) were screened by adhesion and permeation experiments in vitro using custom design, which were carried out by using improved Franz diffusion cells through excised mice skin. RESULTS: The optimized formulation of rutaecarpine transdermal patch consisted of 83% pressure sensitive adhesives (63.5% Eudragit E100, 5.5% succinic acid, 14% dibutyl sebacate), 10% azone, 6.4% oleic acid and 0.6% rutaecarpine. The stick power, shear strength, and peel force of the patch were 15 steel balls, (10.97 ± 0.32) h and (0.16 ± 0.02) kN•M-1, respectively. The cumulative permeation amount and permeation rate of the patch were (29.71 ± 1.19) μg•cm-2 and (1.36 ± 0.10) μg•cm -2•h -1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The optimized rutaecarpine patch show increased permeation and appropriate adhesion. This study provides the basis for future research.

【Objective】 To conduct a retrospective analysis of HIV Ag-Ab detection by ELISA in our blood center, so as to provide reference for continuous improvement. 【Methods】 The reactive rate of HIV by each reagent, reactive rate of both reagents, re-test rate, concordance rate of initial-repeat test, and reagent utilization rate were counted, and the external quality assessment results were analyzed by PT score and z-ratio. 【Results】 The total reactive rate of HIV was 0.15%. The reactive rate by both reagents was 0.02%. The re-test rates, reactive rates, concordance rates and reagent utilization rates of the two reagents were 0.09% vs 0.08%, 0.07% vs 0.06%, 75.86% vs 78.21%, and 114.54% vs 113.92%, respectively. PT score was 100%, and z-ratio of 7 negative samples and 1 positive sample was less than 2, and of 2 positive samples was more than 3. 【Conclusion】 The laboratory quality monitoring indicators and external quality assessment can effectively monitor the operation of blood testing laboratory.

The mixed teaching model combines the advantages of traditional teaching and network teaching in the “Internet +” era, which has become one of the important trends in the higher education teaching development. In order to follow this development trend, the human parasitology teaching team makes a reasonable use of modern information techniques, actively promotes the construction and application of online resources, and conducts mixed online and offline teaching based on MOOC resources and the experimental teaching digital platform. This mixed teaching model has shown a positive impact on both teaching and learning among teachers and students; however, students’ personalized independent and deep learning remains unsatisfactory. It is suggested that the online course resources construction, teaching design and digital literacy remain to be increased, so as to create a high-level, innovative and challenging online-offline mixed “golden course”

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells have strong immunoregulatory capabilities. The immunoregulatory characteristics of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells are closely related to the occurrence and development of oral diseases. However, the specific mechanism of this immunomodulatory effect on the disease is unknown. Therefore, the application of the immunomodulatory properties of dental derived mesenchymal stem cells may play an important role in the treatment and prevention of oral diseases in the future. OBJECTIVE: To review the role of the Immunomodulatory properties of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oral diseases from the three following aspects: the mutual regulation mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different oral tissues and activated immune cells, and the effects of various cytokines and oral pathogens on the immunoregulatory capacity of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for relevant literature published from January 2000 to June 2019. The search terms were “tooth-derived mesenchymal stem cells, immunomodulatory properties, immune cells, oral diseases, Porphyromonas gingivalis, periodontitis, dental plaque, dental caries, toll-like receptors” in Chinese and English, respectively. A total of 221 articles were obtained, 64 of which met the standards for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the past 20 years since the dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, researchers have conducted a large number of in vitro experiments on the interaction between several oral tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and activated immune cells. The mechanism of action between them has been preliminarily discussed. Different inflammatory mediators and cytokines can differentially activate various immunomodulatory proteins in mesenchymal stem cells, and thus activate their immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, exploration on specific stimuli that activate mesenchymal stem cells and oral pathogenic bacteria to activate dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells may improve the application efficiency of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells at different stages of the tissue healing process. It will make a breakthrough in the way that the disease is treated.

Objective: To study the effect of ultrafine comminution on transdermal absorption and rheology of P. cuspidatum ointment (PCO). Methods: Common and ultrafine common powder of P. cuspidatum was got by common and ultrafine comminution technology respectively, and then prepared into common and ultrafine PCO. The skin permeation of common and ultrafine PCO was investigated through in vitro excised mice skin using improved Franz diffusion cell, with polydatin, resveratrol, and emodind as the indexes to compare the effect on the cumulative permeation amount and permeation rate of ointments. Then the effect on the rheology of ointments with apparent viscosity and yield stress as the indexes was compared. Results: The d0.9 of common and ultrafine powder of P. cuspidatum were (210.011 ± 3.468) and (63.496 ± 2.570) μm; And the spans were (5.412 ± 0.055) and (2.913 ± 0.117), respectively. The cumulative permeation amount of polydatin, resveratrol, and emodind of PCO were (2.100 3 ± 0.154 5), (2.114 5 ± 0.341 6), and (6.210 4 ± 0.750 0) μg/cm2, and the permeation rate were (0.175 3 ± 0.022 6), (0.234 0 ± 0.020 2), and (0.337 4 ± 0.051 6) μg/(cm2∙h), respectively. The ultrafine cumulative permeation amounts of polydatin, resveratrol, and emodind of PCO were (14.247 9 ± 4.875 0), (4.399 3 ± 0.628 7), and (6.768 6 ± 0.728 6) μg/cm2, which were 6.8, 2.1, and 1.1 times compared to common PCO; The permeation rates were (0.815 9 ± 0.277 1), (0.313 2 ± 0.043 0), and (0.393 7 ± 0.042 6) μg/(cm2∙h), which were 4.7, 1.3, and 1.2 times compared to common PCO respectively. The cumulative permeation amounts and permeation rates of ultrafine PCO were 6.8, 2.1, 1.1 and 4.7, 1.3, 1.2 times compared to common PCO. The apparent viscosity and yield stress of common and ultrafine PCO were 34.940, 8.865 Pa∙s and 41.211, 7.381 Pa. Conclusion: Compared with common PCO, the transdermal permeability and fineness of ultrafine PCO were improved, and the apparent viscosity and yield stress decreased, which facilitates of spreadability.

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic features of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). Methods The ultrasonographic data of 41 patients with EMPD confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed, and the ultrasonographic features of EMPD were observed. Results Among the 41 patients of EMPD, lesions located at vulva in 33 cases, at groin in 2, at perianal in 2 cases, while at upper chest wall, lower abdominal wall, forehead and thumb in 1 case, respectively. Among 36 patients with ultrasonographic found lesions, EMPD could be divided into diffuse type and mass type according to the morphology of the lesions. There were 31 diffuse type lesions with irregular shape and unclear margin. Ultrasound showed skin thickening in 30 lesions and no thickening in 1, hypoechoic echo in 8 and slightly hypoechoic echo in 23, while CDFI blood flow demonstrated grade 0 in 2, grade 1 in 6, grade 2 in 11, grade 3 in 12. Inguinal abnormal lymph nodes were found in 9 patients with diffuse type EMPD. There were 5 patients of mass type EMPD with clear margins, among them ultrasound showed 1 patient with skin thickening and 4 without thickening, and hypoechoic lesions were found in 3 patients and slightly hypoechoic lesions in 2 patients. The shape of 4 lesions were regular and 1 was irregular, 1 lesion with CDFI blood flow of grade 0, 2 of grade 1, 1 of grade 2, 1 of grade 3. The abnormal inguinal lymph nodes were found in 3 patients. Ultrasonography showed no obvious abnormality in the other 5 patients (5/41, 12.20%). Conclusion Ultrasound could sensitively identify abnormal echo and blood flow in EMPD lesions. Clinical manifestations should be considered in ultrasound diagnosis of EMPD.

Smallanthus sonchifolius， a plant resource with both medicinal and edible values， has been taken as fruit for a long history. Studies have proved that phenolic acids， flavonoids， sesquiterpene lactones， and fructooligosaccharides are the major compounds in S. sonchifolius. The extract of S. sonchifolius demonstrates noticeable antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， antimicrobial， and anti-cancer effects， as well as the activities of lowering blood glucose level， regulating intestinal function and so on. The rhizomes and leaves of S. sonchifolius contain abundant phenolic acids， mainly caffeic acid and its derivatives， which endow S. sonchifolius with remarkable antioxidant effect. Moreover， these substances can reduce blood glucose by improving insulin sensitivity. Fructooligosaccharides are abundant in the tuber of this plant， which can improve intestinal function by regulating intestinal flora. The sesquiterpene lactones in glandular trichomes on the leaf surface can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells， among which uvedafolin and enhydrofolin have particularly strong activities. Furthermore， the sesquiterpene lactones have obvious inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria. In terms of structure， the number of epoxy groups is linked to the strength of anticancer and antimicrobial effects. In addition， S. sonchifolius contains other compounds such as volatile oils， fatty acids， sterols， diterpenes， p-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives， and octulosonic acid derivatives， thereby exhibiting the pharmacological effects of treating Alzheimer's disease， protecting kidney， and lowering blood lipids. However， the isolation and identification of the main compounds in S. sonchifolius need further exploration， and the mechanism of action remains to be studied. Here we summarized the principal chemical components and pharmacological activities of S. sonchifolius， aiming to give a clue for the comprehensive development and utilization of this plant.

Objective:Compare the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Liushenwan and realgar (As₄S₄) on human endometrial cancer cells JEC. Method:The release of As in Liushenwan and As₄S₄ was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used for cell proliferation, and cell migration was measured by Transwell assay. Flow cytometry and Western Blot were used to determine apoptosis and DNA damage. Result:The dissolution of As in Liushenwan was 17.4%, and that of As₄S₄ was only 1.6% according to atomic absorption assay. With the same content of As, compared with the As₄S₄ group, the cell viability in the 3，10 mg·L^-1 Liushenwan groups was decreased (P<0.05), the early apoptosis rate was significantly increased in 0.25，0.5，1 mg·L^-1 Liushenwan groups (P<0.05), the rate of cell migration was decreased in 1 mg·L^-1 Liushenwan group (P<0.05), the expressions of cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (cleaved Caspase-3), cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-7 (cleaved Caspase-7), cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (cleaved PARP), phosphorylated histone (p-H₂AX), phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 2 (p-CHK2) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) were increased in 1 mg·L^-1 Liushenwan group (P<0.05), while the expression of phosphorylation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated rad3-related (ATR) was decreased in 1 mg·L^-1 Liushenwan group (P<0.05), with no significant changes in the expressions of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-7 (Caspase-7). Conclusion:With the same content of As, both Liushenwan and As₄S₄ could inhibit JEC cell proliferation and migration, and induce cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Liushenwan has a stronger effect than As₄S₄. It is suggested that there are other components in Liushenwan with an anti-tumor effect in cooperation with As.