Patients with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) positive peptic ulcer were randomly treated with Hp-killing or Hp-nonkilling anti-ulcer drugs, and 19 patients with healed peptic ulcer were followed up to determine the relapse rate of peptic ulcer. It was found that there was a close relationship between Hp infection and the existence of active chronic gastritis, and the clearance of Hp infection could not alleviate the activity of chronic gastritis or influence the 3-week healing rate of peptic ulcer. The relapse rate of the Hp-positive ulcer patients was higher than those Hp-negative cases.