Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the fruits of Physalis alkekengi var francheti. Methods: The piperazine constituents were isolated and purified with repeated silica gel column chromatography and RP-preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy. Results: Thirteen compounds were isolated and elucidated as (3S, 6R)-3-isopropyl-6-(2- methyl propyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (1), (3S, 6S)-3-isobutyl-6-isopropyl-2, 5-piperazine diketone (2), (3S, 6S)-3, 6-two(2-methyl propyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (3), (3S, 6S)-3, 6-di-isopropyl-2, 5-piperazine di-ketone (4), (3S, 6R)-3-(2-methyl propyl)-6-benzyl- 2, 5-piperazine diketone (5), (3S, 6S)-3-isobutyl-6-benzyl-2, 5-piperazine diketone (6), (3S, 6S)-3-isopropyl-6-(p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (7), (3S, 6R)-3-isopropyl-6-(p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (8), (3S, 6R)-3-(2-methyl propyl)-6- (p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone 9), (3S, 6S)-3-isobutyl-6-(p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (10), (3S, 6S)-3- isopropyl-6-benzyl-2, 5-piperazine diketone (11), (3S, 6R)-3-isobutyl-6-(2-methyl propyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (12), and (3S, 6S)-3-benzyl-6-(p-hydroxy benzyl)-2, 5-piperazine diketone (13). Conclusion: Compounds 1-13 are firstly obtained from this plant.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Citrus aurantium L. polysaccharides-B(CALB) on ra-diation induced by 60Co γ-ray in mice. Methods The BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank control group, radiation model group, CALB administration group (high, medium and low dose), and positive control group(black fungus polysaccharide,HP). The mice were administered orally for 30 days. After the last administration for three hours,the survival rates on the 2nd day and the 14th day of the blank control group and the irradiated mice after the single radioac-tive irradiation (7 Gy) with 60Co γ-ray were meas-ured. In addition, DNA content and micronucleus of bone marrow cells, SOD, GSH-Px activities, MDA content in serum, liver and brain tissues in mice, TChE activity in brain tissues and spleen and thymus index of mice were detected after one-time whole body irradiation with 60Co γ-ray (3 Gy). Results Each dose group of CALB could significantly improve the survival rate of irradiated mice,increase the DNA con-tent of mouse bone marrow cells and reduce the number of micronuclei in bone marrow cells. In addition, CALB could also increase the thymus and spleen index and the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in serum,brain and liver tissues of mice,and reduce the content of MDA. Conclusion CALB has protective effect on radiation injury,which can be used for further development and utilization of Fructus aurantii.

Objective:To isolate and purify a polysaccharide CALB-2 fraction from Aurantii Fructus，and analyze its basic chemical structure, morphological characteristics and bioactivity. Method:A refined CALB-2 was obtained from Aurantii Fructus by hot water extraction，then separated and purified by ion exchange resin，ion exchange agarose gel and propylene dextran gel to obtain homogeneous polysaccharide CALB-2. The molecular mass of CALB-2 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Monosaccharide composition analysis of CALB-2 was conducted by methylation analysis and Smith degradation. Structural analysis and morphological characterization were conducted by infrared scanning （IR） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analysis. Antioxidant activity of CALB-2 was studied by using H₂O₂-induced cardiomyocyte oxidative damage model. Result:CALB-2 was a homogeneous polysaccharide and the molecular weight of CALB-2 was estimated to be 3.57×10⁷ Da，which was proved to be a kind of highly branched acidic polysaccharides in IR analysis, methylation analysis and Smith degradation, mainly present in form of 1→3，4 bonds. Through SEM observations，we indicated that the molecular morphology of CALB-2 was amorphous solid. The in vitro activity test showed that CALB-2 had obvious protective effects on injury of H9c2 myocardial cells induced by H₂O₂. Conclusion:CALB-2 is a kind of homogeneous polysaccharide extracted from Aurantii Fructus， with an anti-cardiomyocyte oxidative damage effect, laying a theoretical foundation for further study of Aurantii Fructus polysaccharides．