As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

Objective: To estimate the incidence of HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) in key areas of China through HIV-1 limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA), analyze the deviation from the actual results and identify influencing factors, and provided reference for improving the accuracy of estimation results. Methods: Based on the principle of the cohort randomized study design, 20 cities were selected in China based on population size and the number of HIV-positive MSM. The sample size was estimated to be 700 according to the HIV-1 infection rate in MSM. MSM mobile phone app. was used to establish a detection appointment and questionnaire system, and the baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to November 2019. LAg-Avidity EIA was used to identify the recent infected samples. The incidence of HIV-1 infection was calculated and then adjusted based on the estimation formula designed by WHO. The influencing factors were identified by analyzing the sample collection and detection processes. Results: Among the 10 650 blood samples from the participants, 799 were HIV-positive in initial screening, in which 198 samples (24.78%) missed during confirmation test. Only 621 samples were received by the laboratory. After excluding misreported samples, 520 samples were qualified for testing. A total of 155 samples were eventually determined as recent infection through LAg-Avidity EIA; Based on the estimation formula , the incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in 20 cities was 4.06% (95%CI:3.27%-4.85%), it increased to 5.53% (95%CI: 4.45%-6.60%)after the adjusting for sample missing rate. When the sample missing rate and misreporting rate were both adjusted, the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the MSM increased to 5.66% (95%CI:4.67%-6.65%). The actual incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in the 20 cities might be between 4.06% and 5.66%. Conclusions: Sample missing and misreporting might cause the deviation of the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence. It is important to ensure the sample source and the quality of sample collection and detection to reduce the deviation in the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; HIV-1 ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Incidence ; Male ; Sexual and Gender Minorities

Diabetic foot wound repair is a challenging issue in clinical practice. Due to the influence of multiple factors including the damage and regeneration failure of local tissue, the impaired pathways of wound repairing through blood vessels and nerve nutrition, and disorders of a variety of cellular factors, traditional treatment methods are often difficult to achieve good therapeutic effects. Stem cells are a type of cells with potentials of multidirectional differentiation, which also possess functions such as regulating immunity and paracrine to facilitate the comprehensive wound repair, so they have promising application prospect at present for the treatment of diabetic foot wounds. Because the relevant parameters of stem cell treatment are in the exploratory phase, there were no standardized data. This paper reviews the application of stem cells in the research of diabetic foot wound treatment over the past 6 years, analyzing and summarizing the contents in focused aspects including the types and sources of stem cells, effects of donor age and gender on stem cells, mode of administration, transplantation survival rate and safety, which may provide a reference for further application of stem cells in the clinical treatment of diabetic foot wound.
Cell Differentiation ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Foot/therapy* ; Humans ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Wound Healing/physiology*

Background: Youths are disproportionally affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We aimed to assess antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and viral suppression rates among student and non-student youths in Hangzhou, China. Methods: Data were taken from the Chinese HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome Comprehensive Response Information Management System. Youths aged 15 to 24 years who were newly diagnosed with HIV between 2012 and 2016 and were living in Hangzhou were included in the study. Comparisons between student and non-student youths were made for ART initiation within 30 days, 90 days, and 12 months of HIV diagnosis, and the viral suppression rate at 12 months of HIV diagnosis and at 12 months of ART initiation. Results: A total of 707 cases met inclusion criteria, 29.6% of which were students and 70.4% were non-student youths. The student group had a higher proportion of ART initiation compared with the non-student group within 30 days of diagnosis (45.5% vs. 37.0%, P = 0.044), and a slightly higher but not statistically significant proportion at 90 days (67.0% vs. 62.7%), and 12 months (83.7% vs. 78.5%) of HIV diagnosis. ART initiation within 30 days improved from <15% in 2012 to over 65% in 2016 in both groups, and ART initiation within 90 days improved from <30% in 2012 to >90% in 2016. A smaller proportion of students experienced viral suppression compared with the non-student group (9.6% vs. 17.1%, P = 0.011) at 12 months after HIV diagnosis, but the suppression rate was similar at 12 months of ART initiation (69.9% vs. 71.1%, P = 0.743). Conclusions ART initiation in both student and non-student youths has significantly improved between 2012 and 2016. However, the viral suppression rate remained unacceptably low at 12 months of HIV diagnosis in both student and non-student groups. Specific intervention strategies must be taken to address this challenge.

Objective?To evaluate the effect on removal of ovarian cyst by laparoendoscopic single site surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).?Methods?A prospective, single-institution study was performed for patients who were diagnosed benign ovarian cyst, underwent removal ovarian cyst, and adopted ERAS nursing care from June 2015 to June 2017. 40 patients who adopted laparo-endoscopic single site surgery were experimental group and 40 patients who adopted traditional laparoscopy surgery were control group. We compared the operation time, blood loss volume during operation, the time of getting out-of bed after operation, the postoperative exhausting time, the defecation time after surgery, the incidence of postoperative febrile and other complications, the time of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses between the two groups. The measurement data was tested by t test, and the counting data was tested by χ2 test, which was statistically significant with P < 0.05.?Results?The results showed that the time of getting out-of bed after operation, the postoperative exhausting time, the defecation time after surgery and the time of hospital stay in experimental group was significantly shorter than the control group;Meanwhile the hospitalization expense was lower than the control group. These results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). While there was not statistically significant in the operation time, blood loss volume during operation, and the incidence of postoperative febrile and other complications between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05) .?Conclusion?ERAS combined with laparo-endoscopic single site surgery is helpful to the reduction of hospitalization cost and the clinical promotion and application.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical efficacy of acupotomy stress position percutaneous dynamic release for severe shoulder periarthritis.

METHODSFrom April 2012 to August 2016, 160 patients with severe shoulder periarthritis were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Among them, 80 patients in treatment group were treated with acupotomy stress position percutaneous dynamic release including 32 males and 48 females with an average of(52.47±9.04)years old ranging from 40 to 74 years old;the courses of disease was(20.72±9.55)months on average. The other 80 patients in control group were treated with simple joint loosening according to Maitland technique in grade III-IV therapy, once a day, 15 to 20 min each time, and 10 d for 1 course, for a total of 2 courses, including 33 males and 47 females with an average of (53.19±10.18) years old ranging from 42 to 75 years old; the average course of disease was (21.98 ±8.99) months. After operation, the shoulder muscles training and shoulder joint activity training were routinely conducted, the treatment lasted for 3 weeks. The visual analogue scale(VAS) and Constant-Murley shoulder function score were observed and compared between the two groups before treatment and 3 weeks, 3, 6 months after treatment.

RESULTSThe VAS scores of the treatment group at 3 weeks, 3 and 6 months after treatment were all lower than those of the control group(<0.05). The shoulder joint function Constant-Murley scores of the treatment group at 3 weeks, 3 and 6 months after treatment were higher than those of the control group (<0.05); the result was excellent in 59 cases, good in 18 cases, fair in 3 cases in the treatment group; excellent in 15 cases, good in 31 cases, fair in 23 cases, poor in 11 cases in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSTreatment of severe shoulder periarthritis with acupotomy stress position percutaneous dynamic release can obviously improve the shoulder joint function and pain, according to the different parts of the shoulder joint pain and function limitation, the corresponding shoulder stress and body position should be designed and maintained during the treatment process, and the angle of stress position gradually increased by loosening the adhesion, which is the key to ensure the curative effect.

Fifteen pediatric cases of suspected Japanese encephalitis (JE) were reported in Beijing Children's Hospital during the late summer of 2013. The clinical manifestations in most cases included high fever, seizures, and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings. Twelve of 15 cases were laboratory-confirmed as JE cases by pathogen identification. Epidemiological investigations showed that five of the 12 laboratory-confirmed patients had an incomplete JE vaccination history. Follow-up investigations after discharge indicated that seven laboratory-confirmed JE patients without JE vaccinations had relatively poor prognoses, with an average Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score of 2.6 when compared with the other five laboratory-confirmed, JE-vaccinated patients with an average MRS score of 0.5. The observation of pediatric JE cases among those with a history of JE vaccination warrants further attention.
Beijing ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; physiology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Prognosis

Based on variation of Pinus massoniana families, heritablility and correlation analysis, the contents of shikimic acid and procyanidine (heritability 0.90, 0.70), dry weight of single branch (heritability 0.60) and and leaf length (heritability 0.46) were screened out as quality, yield and harvest cost traits of Folium Pini, respectively. For the different medicinal application of Folium Pini, varied methods were chosen to estimate weight and construct index equation. Weight adjustment based.on equal emphasis were used as economic weight determining method to select the best families, and the index (accuracy 0. 936 4 and heritability 0. 881 6) obtained was a little better than that obtained by equal emphasis, and much better than that by restricted index. The superior families selected with adjustment weight and equal emphasis were No. 46, 43 and 28. Partial regression were used as economic weight determining method to select the best families,and the index obtained had the highest accuracy (0.941 5) , index heritability (0. 889 9) and the genetic gain of shikimic acid content. The superior families selected with this method were No. 46, 27 and 47. No. 46 was the best families with maximal economic benefit. Our study indicated that suitable method for estimate weight and construct index equation can be applied for better accuracy of superior families selection of P. massoniana.
Breeding ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Pinus ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo analyze epidemiological characteristics of burn inpatients in Hainan province over 8 years.

METHODSSix thousand and ninety-nine burn patients admitted to 6 hospitals of Hainan province from January 2002 to December 2009 were enrolled in the study. The clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively, including age, gender, injury cause, wound position, burn area, ailment prior to admission, admission time, medical insurance, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate, relationship among inpatient distribution, admission time, and ambient temperature at the time of admission. Data were processed with SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSThere were more burn male patients than female, with ratio of 2.1: 1.0. Most patients were younger than 13 years (57.2%, 3488/6099). The most common burn area was smaller than or equal to 10% TBSA (67.4%, 4108/6099), and the fewest patients had burn areas of over 50% TBSA (2.0%, 121/6099). The main causative agents were hot liquid and flame, accounting for 71.5% (4358/6099), 17.9% (1092/6099), respectively. Most patients had injuries of more than two body areas (60.7%, 3705/6099), and lower extremity injury (17.1%, 1042/6099) was predominant in wound of single body area. Among 703 cases who had other ailments prior to admission (11.5%), the highest rate of prior ailments was found in patients older than 60 years (18.5%, 48/260), it was lowest in children younger than 1 year (8.0%, 32/398). The length of hospital stay was 1 to 375 day, and the admission time was 10 minutes to 90 days after burn. Total mortality rate was 0.4% (26 cases). The number of inpatients aged from 19 to 59 was obviously higher in months with high ambient temperature (from June to August), and for inpatients younger than 13 years the incidence of burn injury showed no obvious seasonal change. The inpatients who had medical insurance accounted for 10.9% (66/603) to 19.5% (121/619) from 2002 to 2005, which increased to 46.0% (372/808) in 2007 and 79.1% (869/1098) in 2009.

CONCLUSIONSFor burn inpatients in Hainan province, the main injury cause of burn injury is hot liquid, the number of burn adults aged from 19 to 59 seems to increase in months with high ambient temperature, while the incidence of burn in children showed no obvious seasonal change. The number of inpatients and those with medical insurance showed a tendency of increase from 2005 to 2009 in Hainan province.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Burns ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult