OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of rhG-CSF on mobilizing bone marrow-MSCs, re-endothelialization and intima hyperplasia in carotid artery of rabbits post balloon catheter injury.

METHODSRabbits were treated with rhG-CSF (25 microg/kg, twice daily, i.p, n = 35) or saline (n = 32) for 5 days, then, carotid arteries of rabbits were injured by balloon catheter. The number of peripheral MSCs was detected with FACS. The morphology of injured artery was examined with hematoxylin and eosin stain, PCNA was determined with immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS(1) Number of peripheral MSCs was similar at baseline and significantly increased at 24 hours and peaked at 7 days and remained increased till 14 days post rhG-CSF. (2) Significant endothelial cell deletion was evidenced in the control group, while scatter endothelial cells was observed in the rhG-CSF group at 1 week post injury. Two weeks after injury, new endothelial area was significantly higher in rhG-CSF group compared to control group. At 4 weeks post injury, endothelial connection was evidenced and regularly displayed in rhG-CSF treated group. (3) PCNA-positive cells in the tunica intima were significantly lower in rhG-CSF treated rabbits at 7, 14 and 28 days compared that in control rabbits (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONrhG-CSF could mobilize the bone marrow-MSCs and promote re-endothelialization and attenuate intima hyperplasia post balloon catheter injury in carotid arteries of rabbits.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; Tunica Intima ; drug effects ; pathology

Objective To describe the epidemiologieal features of viral encephalitis and burden of Japanese encephalitis (JE),and to identify potential strategies for effective JE control measures,using data from the Viral Encephalitis Surveillance Program (VESP) launched in Ankang,Baoji,and Weinan prefectures,Shaanxi province.Methods Data was gathered from sentinel hospitals reporting system on all the viral encephalitis (VE) eases identified between June 2005 and May 2007.County Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigated the cases,drawing blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the hospitals,and testing IgM antibody against JE using ELISA.We used Epi Data and Excel for data entry and analysis.Results A total of 1097 VEs were reported and 1053 (96.0%) had blood or CSF samples collected and tested for IgM antibody against JE.Three hundred and eleven cases (29.5%) showed JE antibody positive (JE confirmed case).Among the JE confirmed cases,numbers of those under 15 year of age accounted for 33.7%,43.9%and 88.3%in Baoji,Weinan and Ankang prefectures respectively.The rest were mainly children aged 5-14 years old (53.3%).Toddlers,farmers and children accounted for 85.2%in JE confirmed cases.About half of other VE cases (51.0%) were students of all age.Data an investigation on 398 reported VE cases at discharge,showed that 67.1%of JE confirmed cases recovered while 83.7%of the other VE cases fully recovered.The case fatality rates were 9.2%for JE confirmed cases and 3.1%for other VE cases.578 cases were followed up at 90-days after discharge,69.6%of JE confirmed cases and 90.2%of other VE cases recovered,with case fatality rates were 13.6%and 3.6%for JE confirmed cases and for other VE cases,respectively.The sequelae rates were 10.0%for JE confirmed cases and 4.5%for other VE cases.Conclusion The peak of the VE season was the sameas that of JE.There were 45.6%of reported JE cases with negative JE IgM,suggesting that it is necessary to carry out laboratory testing for clinical diagnosis cases.The fact that high risk population was different at prefectures levels suggested that more attention be paid in JE control and prevention.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence characteristics and influence factors of Japanese encephalitis (JE) neutralizing antibody in healthy people.

METHODSXinyang and Luoyang is the two cities in Henan Province. In 2010, healthy people of these two cities were selected by random sampling method to eight age groups: less than one year old, 1 -2 years old, 3 -4, 5 -6, 7 -14, 15 -19, 20 -59,and above 60 years old, their blood specimens were collected in May before JE infection and in November after JE infection, then followed with epidemiological investigation for JE neutralizing antibody by MCPENT.

RESULTS519 healthy people were surveyed, 1008 effective blood specimens were collected and tested. The JE neutralizing antibody positive rate was 59.52% in men, and 67.39% in male, these two rates had no statistical significance (chi2 = 3.41, P > 0.05). The JE neutralizing antibody was 58.66% in May, and 61.20% in November, these two rates had no statistical significance (chi2 = 0.68, P > 0.05). The JE neutralizing antibody positive rate of 0 - 14 years old age group was 55.19% in Xinyang, and 45.03% in Luoyang,these two rates had no statistical significance (chi2 = 3.53, P > 0. 05). The JE neutralizing antibody positive rate of above 15 years old age group is 97.78% in Xinyang,and 48.94% in Luoyang, these two rates had statistical significance (chi2 = 55.42, P < 0.05). The JE neutralizing antibody positive rate of JE vaccination was 56.85%, and 38.35% in no JE vaccination, these two rates had statistical significance (chi2 = 10.88, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe JE neutralizing antibody positive rate was showing significant differences in people above 15 years old between Xinyang and Luoyang. The JE neutralizing antibody positive rate was showing significant differences between JE vaccination and no vaccination. Xinyang and Luoyang City, recommended strengthening the 0 - 14 year-olds immunized, and at the same time, exploring and paying attention to JE immunization strategy of people above 15 years old in Luoyang.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; blood ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the study was to establish the contemporary epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guizhou Province.

METHODSA retrospective study of National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) data from 1971 through 2009, was conducted to ascertain the geographical, seasonal, and age distributions of JE incidence in Guizhou Province, China.

RESULTSA total of 68 425 JE cases were reported in Guizhou from 1971-2009. The JE cases occurred sporadically in all 9 prefectures of Guizhou, mostly among residents of rural areas. Seasonal distribution of JE remained consistent over the period from 1971-2009 with the main transmission season starting from June to September and peaking in August. JE occurred mainly in children under the age of 15 years with peak incidence in the 0-6-year age group. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that JE vaccine distribution had a negative correlation with JE incidence rates during 1971-2009 (coefficient of correlation=-0.475, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONOver the period of 1971-2009, the JE incidence rate had declined dramatically in terms of geographical and age distributions due to JE vaccination to children at risk.

Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Seasons ; Time Factors ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the first set 8 methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in China. Methods Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted on the first month after the enrollment and 5 years later,among drug users who received MMT,using a standard questionnaire.Data on demographic characteristics,HIV-related high-risk bchaviors,criminal records associatcd with drug use and related family/social functions were collected and analyzed.Results There were 252 and 195 participants being interviewed at the baseline and the 5-year surveys,respectively,.Of them,66 participants were involved in both surveys.There was no significant differences on factors as ethnicity,level of education,working status,marital status and living status (P＞0.05) between the baselinc and the 5-year surveys.Compared with data from the baseline survey,participants' behavior on drug abuse (100.0％ vs.24.1％,P＜0.001 ),needle sharing behavior ( 19.4％ vs.0.0％,P ＜ 0.001 ),and exchanging sex for drugs ( 34.5 ％ vs.0.0％,P＜0.001 ) had significant decreases at the 5-year survey.Rates on condom use ( 10.6％ vs.25.0％,P=0.004),and having jobs (27.8％ vs.47.7％,P＜0.001 ) had been improved significantly,while self-reported criminal cases related to drug use (15.1％ vs.1.5％,P＜0.001) and the contacts with drug users (88.9％ vs.31.3％,P＜0.001) had been significantly reduced after joining the MMT program.Conclusion MMT could play an active role in reducing the HIV-related high-risk behaviors,criminal cases associated with drug abuse as well as enhancing the family and social functions of the MMT patients.Providing high quality service to the MMT clinic and trying to keep the drug users stick to the program remain difficult.It was also important to improve the training programs for staff working at the MMT clinics.

Humans ; Universities ; Vaccines ; Bacterial Infections

Humans ; Universities ; Vaccines ; Bacterial Infections

Pertussis is an acute, highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, and is one of the leading causes of infant disease and death worldwide. The pertussis vaccine has been used in the expanded program on immunization globally since 1974 and the vaccination coverage remains high. In recent years, the pertussis incidence rate increased, even pertussis outbreaks occurred, in more and more countries or areas after years with low incidence level. The disease burden of pertussis has been seriously underestimated, and the prevention and control of pertussis is facing many challenges. This article reviews the epidemic status of pertussis worldwide, the factors affecting the reemergence of pertussis, and the challenges in the prevention and control to provide a reference for prevention and control of pertussis.
Infant ; Humans ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control* ; Vaccination ; Pertussis Vaccine/therapeutic use* ; Bordetella pertussis ; Disease Outbreaks

Objective: To analyze the dropout of adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine (DTaP) routine immunization in China in 2019. Methods: DTaP vaccination data in all counties in China were collected through National Immunization Program Information Management System in 2019. Cumulative dropout rate and vaccination rate of DTaP in different provinces were calculated. According to the P₂₅, P₅₀ and P₇₅ values of DTaP dropout rate for all counties by province, counties in each province were divided into four groups (Q₁-Q₄). The DTaP average dropout rate of four groups and absolute difference (difference in DTaP average dropout rate between Q₄ and Q₁) were calculated. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between absolute difference and provincial DTaP dropout rate, DTaP₁ and DTaP₃ vaccination rate. Results: DTaP₁ vaccination rate ranged from 92.98% to 99.94% by province, with a median of 99.55%. Provincial DTaP dropout rate ranged from 0.36% to 28.66%, with a median of 3.54%. The provincial DTaP dropout rate was more than 10% in Gansu and Guizhou, about 28.66% and 17.19%. Absolute difference ranged from 4.02% to 39.22%, with a median of 10.16%. Provinces with the largest absolute difference were Gansu, Qinghai, Liaoning and Guizhou, about 39.22%, 34.48%, 23.31% and 21.33%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the absolute difference was positively correlated with provincial DTaP dropout rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.492 (P=0.004). It was negatively correlated with DTaP₁ and DTaP₃ vaccination rate. Correlation coefficients were -0.542 (P=0.001) and -0.562 (P=0.001), respectively. Conclusions: There are significant county-level differences in DTap dropout rate in most provinces, with relatively high difference in western provinces.
Humans ; Infant ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control* ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Vaccination ; China ; Immunization, Secondary ; Immunization Schedule ; Antibodies, Bacterial

During the global efforts to prevent and control the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive research and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using various technical approaches have taken place. Among these, vaccines based on adenovirus vector have gained substantial knowledge and experience in effectively combating potential emerging infectious diseases, while also providing novel ideas and methodologies for vaccine research and development (R&D). This comprehensive review focuses on the adenovirus vector technology platform in vaccine R&D, emphasizing the importance of mucosal immunity induced by adenoviral vector-based vaccine for COVID-19 prevention. Furthermore, it analyzes the key technical challenges and obstacles encountered in the development of vaccines based on the adenovirus vector technology platform, with the aim of providing valuable insights and references for researchers and professionals in related fields.
Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Viral Vaccines/genetics* ; Adenoviridae/genetics* ; Technology