This study aims to determine the job satisfaction (JS) level among professional driving instructors (PDIs) in the driver training and licensing system in Malaysia. Specifically, it looks at the influence of income level and remuneration scheme on PDI’s satisfaction. The average income of PDI is relatively low with three remuneration schemes: fixed income; fixed income plus commission; and commission only. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey using the 20-item Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) (short-form) with end-specified 10-point scale. Analysis of the data revealed that PDIs with higher income are more satisfied with their job, t (179) = -3.248, p = 0.001. Similarly, three level One-way ANOVA of JS scores with three remuneration schemes revealed a significant difference of JS across these schemes, F (2,178) = 3.51, p ≤ 0.032. Researchers’ further exploration found a significant interaction between these two variables (income level vs. remuneration scheme), F (5,175) = 4.88, p = 0.001. In general, PDIs with higher income are more satisfied with their job only if they received it as a fixed income (regardless of having commission or not). This insightful finding can be a basis for relevant stakeholders in understanding the influence of income and remuneration scheme towards JS among PDIs in Malaysia.
Job satisfaction ; professional driving instructor ; driver training ; driver licensing ; Malaysia

This study aims to determine the job satisfaction (JS) level among professional driving instructors (PDIs) in the drivertraining and licensing system in Malaysia. Specifically, it looks at the influence of income level and remunerationscheme on PDI’s satisfaction. The average income of PDI is relatively low with three remuneration schemes: fixedincome; fixed income plus commission; and commission only. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey using the20-item Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) (short-form) with end-specified 10-point scale. Analysis ofthe data revealed that PDIs with higher income are more satisfied with their job, t (179) = -3.248, p = 0.001.Similarly, three level One-way ANOVA of JS scores with three remuneration schemes revealed a significant differenceof JS across these schemes, F (2,178) = 3.51, p ≤ 0.032. Researchers’ further exploration found a significantinteraction between these two variables (income level vs. remuneration scheme), F (5,175) = 4.88, p = 0.001. Ingeneral, PDIs with higher income are more satisfied with their job only if they received it as a fixed income(regardless of having commission or not). This insightful finding can be a basis for relevant stakeholders inunderstanding the influence of income and remuneration scheme towards JS among PDIs in Malaysia.

Lane Change Assistance (LCA) system in cars can potentially mitigate blind spot related crashes; but its effectiveness largely depends on driver acceptance and proper use. Although still in early stages, the volume of cars equipped with LCA system is expected torise in the near future as the technology has been considered in the New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) 2017 Rating Scheme. Therefore, this study is initiated to assess user acceptance of and experience with LCA-equipped cars. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to owners of LCA-equipped cars at selected service centres in the Klang Valley from November 2016 to February 2017. From a total of 276 valid responses, results revealed that most owners greatly considered LCA system when purchasing their cars and agreed that the systems had positively altered their driving behaviours i.e. regularly using the turn signal and checking the side mirrors. Nevertheless, about 20% of the respondents stated theirannoyance and distraction by the LCA systems due to unnecessary warnings from various sources, aside from getting too many warnings during traffic congestion. The study findings provide some practical implications that can aid the industry and relevant stakeholders in gauging the issue and actual situations concerning the use of LCA system in Malaysia.
Driver acceptance ; driver assistance system ; early adopter ; lane change assistance system