AIM: To investigate the relationship between p21 WAF1gene polymorphisms and protein expression in breast carcinoma. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphisms technique (PCR-SSCP) and immunohistochemical assay of S-P immunostaining technique were used to study polymorphisms of p21 WAF1 and protein expression respectively on the specimen of paraffin-embedded tissues in 100 cases of breast carcinomas and 40 benign breast diseases as control. RESULTS: Two p21 WAF1 gene polymorphisms were found in 18% (18/100) of breast carcinomas and 5% (2/40) of control samples. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (?2=3 94, P

Objective To evaluate performance of PlateletMapping(R) and RapidTEGTM based on thrombelastography by blocking platelet function with Reopro.Methods PlateletMapping was carried out with whole blood from healthy volunteers mixed with Reopro in vitro in a serial of titration.TEG(R) ACT of heparinized blood was tested with Rapid TEG kits.Linearity, repeatability and validity were calculated for two methods.Results MA activated by Kaolin, AA and ADP decreased with the increase of the concentration of Reopro. Inhibition rates (%)for AA and ADP induced aggregation were repeatable in channels and systems.At the Reopro levels of (1-4) × 10-2 mg, inhibition rate increased statistically( AA:27.99% ± 2.8% vs 63.37% ± 0.0% ,t = 21.9, P ＜ 0.01;ADP: 35.9% ± 0.56% vs 91.42% ± 1.14%,t=58.9,P ＜ 0.01 ) after addition of Reopro.Dose-dependent effect relationship could be seen between TEG(R) ACT and heparin;In Rapid TEG assay, measurement repeatability of K, α angle, MA and TEG(R)ACT were all good ( CV ＜ 5% ) except for R.Conclusions PlateletMapping(R) is sensitive to the inhibition of platelet function with good precision with dose-dependent effect.Moreover, Rapid TEG provides analysis of the overall coagulation function besides monitoring heparin therapy.

Objective To evaluate a new platelet function analyzer PL-11 with three major platelet function methods.Methods A randomized controlled trial was adopted.Totally 20 healthy young students from People's Liberation Army Medical School were enrolled in the study during July and August in 2013.Subjects were treated with aspirin or clopidogrel and the platelet function was measured by using of PL-11,as well as light transmittance aggregometry (LTA),VerifyNow and thromboelastography (TEG).Results When monitor aspirin response,correlations between arachidonic acid (AA) induced PL-11 and other methods were:LTA,0.614; VerifyNow,0.829; TEG,0.697,respectively.Biases between AA induced PL-1 1 and LTA were 1.94％ at baseline and 24.02％ during aspirin treatment.Cut-off value of aspirin response tested with AA induced PL-11 was 33.3％.When monitor clopidogrel response,correlations between adenosine piphosphate (ADP) induced PL-11 and other methods were:LTA,0.767; VerifyNow,0.851; TEG,0.608.Biases between ADP induced PL-11 and LTA were 3.01％ at baseline and 6.56％ during clopidogrel therapy.Cut-off value of clopidogrel response tested with ADP induced PL-1 1 was 66％.Conclusion Results of different platelet function testing methods were not equally effective.PL-11 has a high capability when monitoring short aspirin or clopidogrel response.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of XTP4 gene in apoptotic hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line. Methods: HepG2 cells were transiently transfected with small interfering RNA of XTP4 genes, plasmid pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-) A-XTP4, and hepatitis B virus X protein transactivated x gene 4 (HBX protein trans-activate gene4, XTP4) and their respective negative controls. After 48h, the overexpression and interference expression condition of XTP4 in HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot. HepG2 cells apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins P53, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot, and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was calculated. The chemiluminescence assay was used to detect activity of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells. The measured data were presented as ( ± s), and independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Results: HepG2 cells had successfully achieved the overexpression and interference expression of XTP4 protein. Compared with the control group, the overexpression of XTP4 in HepG2 cells had significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05), and increased Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05) ratio, but decreased the expression of P53 protein (P < 0.05). The protein expression of Caspase-3 and activity of caspase-3 was decreased (P < 0.05). However, interference with XTP4 expression in HepG2 cells had significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05) and decreased Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05) ratio, but increased the expression of P53 protein (P < 0.05). The protein expression of Caspase-3 and activity of caspase-3 was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion In HepG2 apoptosis XTP4 has inhibitory effect, and its effect on inhibiting HepG2 apoptosis may be achieved by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and the P53 protein may be involved.

Objective: To investigate the change in expression of anti-senescence marker protein calmodulin (RGN) in liver tissues of rats with immune hepatic fibrosis, and to observe the effect of compound glutathione inosine injection (CGII) on it. Methods: Rat liver fibrosis model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of porcine serum, and CGII intervention was administered at the appropriate time. Rat liver tissues were stained with HE and Masson. RGN and protein expression at mRNA in liver tissues was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. One-way Anova was used for measurement data. LDS test was used for two-way comparison, and pathological semi-quantitative results were analyzed by rank-sum test. Results: The relative expression of RGN mRNA and protein in liver tissue of fibrotic rats was 82.23 ± 15.21 and 12.52 ± 3.23, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of normal rats 176.39 ± 11.35 and 59.23 ± 9.13 (P < 0.01). The degree of liver fibrosis in fibrotic rats after CGII intervention was significantly lower than fibrotic rats. The relative expression of RGN mRNA and protein in the intervention group was 168.78 ± 21.31 and 46.42 ± 4.71, respectively, which were significantly higher than fibrosis and spontaneous recovery group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The relative expression of RGN mRNA and protein in the spontaneous recovery group was 86.23 ± 17.16 and 14.34 ± 5.16, which was higher than model group. The difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion The expression of RGN in liver tissue of rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by porcine serum is decreased, while the expression of RGN increases with the decrease of fibrosis after CGII intervention, suggesting that the protein may play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE To understan d the c urrent situation and feasibility of payment reform for TCM dominant diseases from the perspective of clinicians ，so as to provide reference for optimizing and improving the reform scheme. METHODS A questionnaire was designed by ourselves ，and a simple random sampling method was used to select clinicians from the pilot hospitals of payment reform for TCM dominant diseases in Guizhou province to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The single-factor analysis and ordered Logistic regression analysis of multi-factor were used to analyze the influential factors of reform feasibility. RESULTS A total of 420 questionnaires were distributed in this survey，and 413 valid questionnaires were recovered ，with an effective rate of 98.3％. Totally 86.0％ of the clinicians thought that it was feasible for the reform to be carried out in their hospitals ，and 81.8％ thought that the selected TCM dominant diseases in the pilot hospitals were reasonable. After the reform was carried out ，61.0％ and 58.8％ of clinicians indicated that the daily number of patients treated in their departments and their willingness to communicate with patients increased ，respectively；60.3％ indicated that the difficulties and obstacles encountered in the reform were the complexity and diversity of TCM diseases ，for the treatment of patients with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine ，which was difficult to use a unified disease and surgery code to correctly code ；76.3％ indicated that the greatest advantage of the reform implementation was the improvement of medical quality ，while 54.2％ indicated that the greatest disadvantage was the excessive restriction of doctors ’autonomy. The results of multi-factor ordered Logistic regression analysis showed that changes in treatment services （changes in readmission rate of patient），the reasonableness of the selection of TCM dominant diseases ，and whether to reduce medical costs ，improve doctor-patient relationship ， and promote hierarchical treatment were the influential factors of reform feasibility after the implementation of reform （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to carry out payment reform for TCM dominant diseases in Guizhou province ，but it is still in the exploratery stage ，and there are many factors affecting the feasibility of the reform. It is suggested that in the future ，when promoting in the whole pr ovince and even the whole c ountry，we should pay attention to selecting more and more reasonable dominant diseases for payment reform ， further standardize the diagnosis and treatment behavior of clinicians ， control the unreasonablegrowth of medical expenses ， strengthen communication between clinicians and patients， improve the accurate diagnosis rate of traditional Chinese medicine diseases ，implement hierarchical calculation of dominant diseases ，and promote hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of medical institutions.

Objective: To investigate the differential expression of serum-and-glucocorticoid-inducible-kinase-2 (SGK2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and normal liver tissues and the related mechanism mediating signal transduction of GSK-3 β / β catenin in HCC cells. Methods: Twenty pairs of matched HCC and normal tissues were collected and the situation of expression of SGK2 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Western blot was used to detect the levels of SGK2 protein in human HCC cell lines (Huh-7, SMMC-7721) and normal human liver cell line (L02). SGK2 siRNA was used to transfect human HCC cell lines (SMMC-7721 and Huh-7), and then the protein expression levels of GSK-3 β/ β - catenin was successfully detected with the above-mentioned transfected cell line by western blot. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (±s), and the Student t -test was used as the statistical method. Results: SGK2 mRNA expression was up-regulated in all 20 HCC samples than that of the expression of matched normal liver tissues. SGK2 protein levels were significantly higher in Huh-7 and SMMC-7721 than normal human liver cell lines (P < 0.01). The downregulation of SGK2 expression in human HCC cell lines (SMMC-7721 and Huh-7) had inhibited the expression of unphosphorylated GSK-3 β. In addition, the downregulation of SGK2 expression in HCC cell lines had decreased the dephosphorylation of β - catenin to prevent degradation of the β - catenin proteasome. Conclusion SGK2 is overexpressed in HCC and mediates GSK-3β/β- catenin signaling in HCC cells.