White blood cell, as a type of immune cell, plays a crucial role in fighting against bacterial infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. White blood cell membrane-coated nanocarriers (WBC-NCs) inherit the source cell membrane antigens while exhibiting great potential for inflammation-related therapies. In this review, the preparation of WBC-NCs and the strategies of engineered white blood cell membrane were summarized, which involved utilizing physical engineering, chemical modifications, and bioengineering to endow natural cell membranes with diverse functionalities. The functions of engineered WBC-NCs were also summarized in the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases through drug delivery, biological neutralization, and immunomodulation. In general terms, engineered WBC-NCs have emerged as a platform with potential for medical applications.