We investigated molecular identification of a group of 14 strains of Aeromonas sp .,and genetic background of re‐sistance to beta‐lactams ,aminoglycosides .From January to December 2012 ,14 strains of Aeromonas sp .were collected from stool from diarrheal patients in enteric clinics in Ningbo First Hospital in Zhejiang Province ,China .Then ,molecular identifica‐tion by 16SrDNA ,23 kinds of beta‐lactamase genes ,6 kinds of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes ,6 kinds of 16srRNA methylase genes ,and 6 kinds of mobile genetic elements were analyzed by PCR .In addition ,genotyping and sample cluster a‐nalysis were performed .Results showed that 10 strains of A .hydrophila ,1 strain of A .aquariorum ,A .sobria ,A .entero‐pelogenes ,A .punctata were confirmed by 16SrDNA sequencing and arithmetic .Five kinds of beta‐lactamase genes ,4 kinds of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes ,and 3 kinds of mobile genetic elements were positive .BlaAQU of strain No .4(AQU‐2) and strain No .11(AQU‐3) were new subtypes .It’s suggested that identification of Aeromonas sp .should be performed by molecular identification method .This group of 14 strains of Aeromonas sp .conferred multidrug resistance .

The genes for TEM and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) in Acinetobacter baumannii were studied to provide molecular biological support for monitoring their drug resistance.MethodsTwenty strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were clinically isolated from the period of August, 2002 to Feburary, 2004. The drug resistance of these strains to thirteen kinds of antimicrobial agents was tested by microdilute test. The TEM and AMEs genotypes of these strains were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and verificated by DNA sequencing .Results All twenty strains were sensitive to Imipenam and Meropenem. The resistant rates of the twenty strains to Piperacillin/ Tazobactam, cefepime and ceftazidime were 45.0%, 65.0% and 70.0%, respectively. The resistant rate to aminoglycosides antibiotics was 75.0%. The resistant rates to other antimicrobial agents were greater than 65.0%. The positive rate of genotype TEM, aac(3)-Ⅰ, aac(3)-Ⅱ aac(6”)-1 and ant(3”)-Ⅰ were 45.0%, 55.0%, 15.0%, 35.0%, and 60.0%, respectively. The genotypes of SHV, AmpC DHA and AmpC MIR were all tested negative.Conlusions The multiple-drug-resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Tongde Hospital was a serious issue.There were high percentages of TEM and AMEs genotypes. Because of the imperfection frame of the primer,some familiar genes just like OXA,VER and PER were not experimented. We shall further discuss the drug resistance of the third/fourth generations cephalosporin.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.