Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of computer-assisted surgical navigation in the reduction and fixation of unilateral zygomatic complex fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients suffering from unilateral zygomatic complex fractures treated by computer-aided surgical navigation technology in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University from January 2013 to December 2017. Spiral CT was used before surgery, the data was imported into BrainLAB navigation workstation or AccuNavi—a navigation workstation to design the surgery plan, and then the surgery plan was imported into the surgical navigation workstation to assist the reduction and fixation of the zygomatic complex fracture. Three-dimensional CT was used within 1 week after surgery to measure the reference values of the postoperative healthy and affected zygomatic prominence, which were analyzed by the paired t-test. At the same time, the reduction of the fracture was evaluated by the difference of the bilateral reference values of the zygomatic prominence, and the absolute value of the difference less than 2 mm was judged as exact reduction. All patients underwent postoperative follow-up, and wound healing and facial appearance and functional recovery were evaluated. Results:A total of 45 patients were involved in this study, including 39 males and 6 females, aged 21-68 years old. The postoperative zygomatic prominence values of the healthy side and affected side were (80.78±6.14) mm and (80.85±6.10) mm, respectively. There was no statistical significance ( t=0.362, P=0.719) between the reference values of the bilateral zygomatic prominence after operation. The absolute value of the difference between the zygomatic prominence of the healthy and the affected sides after operation was (0.92±0.68) mm. Fourty-three cases achieved exact reduction of the fracture. In the other 2 cases, the absolute value of the zygomatic prominence difference was 2.3 mm and 2.2 mm, respectively. The surgical incisions of all patients healed well without complications such as infection, accompanying with satisfactory facial appearance and function recovery. Conclusions:The application of computer-aided surgical navigation in unilateral zygomatic complex fracture surgery can effectively ensure the accuracy of fracture reduction, and it is a valued application.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of computer-assisted surgical navigation in the reduction and fixation of unilateral zygomatic complex fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients suffering from unilateral zygomatic complex fractures treated by computer-aided surgical navigation technology in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University from January 2013 to December 2017. Spiral CT was used before surgery, the data was imported into BrainLAB navigation workstation or AccuNavi—a navigation workstation to design the surgery plan, and then the surgery plan was imported into the surgical navigation workstation to assist the reduction and fixation of the zygomatic complex fracture. Three-dimensional CT was used within 1 week after surgery to measure the reference values of the postoperative healthy and affected zygomatic prominence, which were analyzed by the paired t-test. At the same time, the reduction of the fracture was evaluated by the difference of the bilateral reference values of the zygomatic prominence, and the absolute value of the difference less than 2 mm was judged as exact reduction. All patients underwent postoperative follow-up, and wound healing and facial appearance and functional recovery were evaluated. Results:A total of 45 patients were involved in this study, including 39 males and 6 females, aged 21-68 years old. The postoperative zygomatic prominence values of the healthy side and affected side were (80.78±6.14) mm and (80.85±6.10) mm, respectively. There was no statistical significance ( t=0.362, P=0.719) between the reference values of the bilateral zygomatic prominence after operation. The absolute value of the difference between the zygomatic prominence of the healthy and the affected sides after operation was (0.92±0.68) mm. Fourty-three cases achieved exact reduction of the fracture. In the other 2 cases, the absolute value of the zygomatic prominence difference was 2.3 mm and 2.2 mm, respectively. The surgical incisions of all patients healed well without complications such as infection, accompanying with satisfactory facial appearance and function recovery. Conclusions:The application of computer-aided surgical navigation in unilateral zygomatic complex fracture surgery can effectively ensure the accuracy of fracture reduction, and it is a valued application.

OBJECTIVEIn order to minimize lead pollution and to protect the identified individuals with high blood lead level from lead contamination, an epidemiological study was carried on children living around the village and township-owned lead industries in Tianying town.

METHODSEnvironmental monitoring: lead levels in air, soil, drinking water and crops were measured. Biological monitoring: 959 children aged 5 - 12 years were selected from villages where the lead smelters located near the residential areas and the battery disassembling was done in some families. The control children (207 pupils) were from other villages without lead exposure. Blood lead, ZnPP and teeth lead were determined. Height, weight and head circle of children and IQ scores were measured.

RESULTSThe environment was seriously polluted. The average lead concentrations in air and soils were 8.5 times and 10 times of the MACs (national health standard) respectively. Eighty-five per cent the air samples with lead concentrations higher than the national health standard. Local crops and wheat at farmers' home were also contaminated by lead dust, with. Lead content being 24 times higher than the standard. The mean blood lead and ZnPP levels of children lived in the polluted areas were 496 microgram/L and 9.41 microgram/g Hb respectively. The lead exposure caused adverse effects on children's IQ and physical development.

CONCLUSIONIt is necessary to remove and reduce currently active sources of lead pollution in the community and to increase public awareness of potential health effects of lead exposure.

Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Child ; Child Development ; drug effects ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Crops, Agricultural ; chemistry ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Environmental Pollution ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Industrial Waste ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Lead ; adverse effects ; blood ; Male ; Soil Pollutants ; analysis ; Suburban Health ; standards ; Urban Health ; standards

Objective To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of open and close treatment of condylar fractures of mandible in children.Methods A total of 78 cases (105 mandibular condylar fractures) were included in this study.All patients (younger than 12 years at the time of injury were followed up for at least 3 years.According to the classification of the condylar fractures,open or close treatment was chosen.Clinical outcomes were classified as favorable or unfavorable depending on the mouth opening,pattern of mouth opening,occlusion,facial symmetry.Condylar remodeling was defined as complete,moderate,or poor based on the radiographic findings.Depending on the classification,14 sides of type Ⅰ,48 sides of type Ⅱ and 43 sides of type Ⅲ were included in this study.Results Open treatment was chosen in 51 sides and close treatment was chosen in 54 sides.Most of the patients acquired satisfactory clinical outcomes.Better radiologic remodeling of the condylar process was found in the patients treated by open treatment.Conclusions Favorable long-term clinical outcomes were obtained in both open and close treatment of mandibular condylar fractures.A better morphological remodeling of condylar process was found in patients with open treatment.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of computer-assisted navigation in the removal of foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial regions.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients who suffered from oral and maxillofacial foreign bodies and were treated with computer-aided navigation technology in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University from January 2014 to December 2018. All patients received the examination of spiral CT, and the CT data were imported into the computer navigation workstation to complete the presurgical planning. The surgical approach was through the original wound or local small incision, and the computer navigation system was used to accurately locate the foreign body and perform the foreign body removal. All patients underwent postoperative follow-up, and the oral and maxillofacial appearance and functional recovery were evaluated.Results:A total of 35 patients were involved in this study, including 29 males and 6 females, aged 2 to 77 years old(average age: 38.3±20.2 years). Foreign bodies included metals, fish bones, and broken glass. The operation time was 30-90 min [average time: (50.6±16.5) min]. The operation proceeded well in these patients. The foreign bodies were removed successfully. There was no infection in the wound or surgical incision, and the healing was normal. All patients recovered well in the oral and maxillofacial appearance and function during the one-to-twelve-month follow-ups after operation.Conclusions:Computer-assisted navigation is an effective technique that can be applied in the removal of oral and maxillofacial foreign bodies. It can accurately locate the foreign bodies and perform minimally invasive surgery, thereby reducing the impact on facial appearance.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of computer-assisted navigation in the removal of foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial regions.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients who suffered from oral and maxillofacial foreign bodies and were treated with computer-aided navigation technology in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University from January 2014 to December 2018. All patients received the examination of spiral CT, and the CT data were imported into the computer navigation workstation to complete the presurgical planning. The surgical approach was through the original wound or local small incision, and the computer navigation system was used to accurately locate the foreign body and perform the foreign body removal. All patients underwent postoperative follow-up, and the oral and maxillofacial appearance and functional recovery were evaluated.Results:A total of 35 patients were involved in this study, including 29 males and 6 females, aged 2 to 77 years old(average age: 38.3±20.2 years). Foreign bodies included metals, fish bones, and broken glass. The operation time was 30-90 min [average time: (50.6±16.5) min]. The operation proceeded well in these patients. The foreign bodies were removed successfully. There was no infection in the wound or surgical incision, and the healing was normal. All patients recovered well in the oral and maxillofacial appearance and function during the one-to-twelve-month follow-ups after operation.Conclusions:Computer-assisted navigation is an effective technique that can be applied in the removal of oral and maxillofacial foreign bodies. It can accurately locate the foreign bodies and perform minimally invasive surgery, thereby reducing the impact on facial appearance.

This article discusses the key pathogenesis of atherosclerosis （AS） based on the physiological characteristics and pathological changes of lipids and introduces the therapeutic effect of Zhuyuwan on AS， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the spleen. As essential substances， lipids have the same essence but different forms. They circulate throughout the body with body fluids under the action of Yang Qi to nourish the nutrient Qi and support the defensive Qi. Lipid metabolism disorder often leads to the obstruction of Qi movement， the accumulation of dampness and turbidity， and the generation of phlegm and blood stasis. It has been proven that the formation of vulnerable plaques in AS is attributed to the interaction of three pathogenic factors： deficiency of healthy Qi， phlegm-turbidity， and collateral stasis. Their pathological essence is closely related to abnormal lipid metabolism. As lipids constitute the thick and dense components of body fluids， their impaired dispersion may lead to phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis， the pathological process of which is predominantly ascribed to the dysfunction of the spleen in distributing essence. Therefore， AS is rooted in spleen-stomach disorder， manifests as plaques formed by pathological product accumulation in vessels， with lipid transport disorder as its core pathogenesis. Specifically speaking， the dysfunction of spleen in transportation with accumulation of dampness-turbidity marks the initial stage， and blood turbidity and coagulation and phlegm-nodules accumulating in vessels represent the intermediate phase. Cold accumulation and stagnated heat transforming into toxins represent the terminal stage. Zhuyuwan， first recorded in Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief， contains equal proportions of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus. Coptidis Rhizoma， bitter and cold， exerts descending and purging actions to assist stomach Qi in lowering turbidity. Evodiae Fructus， pungent-bitter and hot， disperses obstruction and promotes free flow to support spleen Qi in ascending the clear. The compatibility of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus ascends the clear and descends the turbid to harmonize Yin and Yang， assisting the spleen in distributing essence and resolving lipid accumulation to reduce lipid levels. In terms of the therapeutic mechanism， Zhuyuwan modulates lipid metabolism by correcting immune-inflammation network imbalance， improving gut microbiota composition and metabolism， and enhancing reverse cholesterol transport. By analyzing the pathological characteristics of lipid transport disorder in AS， this study delves into the intrinsic connections between cardiovascular disease and lipid transport disorder， giving novel insights into the prevention and treatment of AS.

This article discusses the key pathogenesis of atherosclerosis （AS） based on the physiological characteristics and pathological changes of lipids and introduces the therapeutic effect of Zhuyuwan on AS， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the spleen. As essential substances， lipids have the same essence but different forms. They circulate throughout the body with body fluids under the action of Yang Qi to nourish the nutrient Qi and support the defensive Qi. Lipid metabolism disorder often leads to the obstruction of Qi movement， the accumulation of dampness and turbidity， and the generation of phlegm and blood stasis. It has been proven that the formation of vulnerable plaques in AS is attributed to the interaction of three pathogenic factors： deficiency of healthy Qi， phlegm-turbidity， and collateral stasis. Their pathological essence is closely related to abnormal lipid metabolism. As lipids constitute the thick and dense components of body fluids， their impaired dispersion may lead to phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis， the pathological process of which is predominantly ascribed to the dysfunction of the spleen in distributing essence. Therefore， AS is rooted in spleen-stomach disorder， manifests as plaques formed by pathological product accumulation in vessels， with lipid transport disorder as its core pathogenesis. Specifically speaking， the dysfunction of spleen in transportation with accumulation of dampness-turbidity marks the initial stage， and blood turbidity and coagulation and phlegm-nodules accumulating in vessels represent the intermediate phase. Cold accumulation and stagnated heat transforming into toxins represent the terminal stage. Zhuyuwan， first recorded in Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief， contains equal proportions of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus. Coptidis Rhizoma， bitter and cold， exerts descending and purging actions to assist stomach Qi in lowering turbidity. Evodiae Fructus， pungent-bitter and hot， disperses obstruction and promotes free flow to support spleen Qi in ascending the clear. The compatibility of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus ascends the clear and descends the turbid to harmonize Yin and Yang， assisting the spleen in distributing essence and resolving lipid accumulation to reduce lipid levels. In terms of the therapeutic mechanism， Zhuyuwan modulates lipid metabolism by correcting immune-inflammation network imbalance， improving gut microbiota composition and metabolism， and enhancing reverse cholesterol transport. By analyzing the pathological characteristics of lipid transport disorder in AS， this study delves into the intrinsic connections between cardiovascular disease and lipid transport disorder， giving novel insights into the prevention and treatment of AS.

Objective: To analyze the efficiency and safety of navigation guided extraction of impacted supernumerary tooth. Methods: Twenty-five cases of navigation guided supernumerary tooth extraction and 25 cases of non-navigation guided supernumerary tooth extraction (control group) were included in the study. Each group had 3 cases with one impacted supernumerary tooth and 22 cases with two impacted teeth. Results: Preoperative navigation system designing time was (45.0±8.0) min in average. Navigation system installation time was (15.0±2.8) min. The average operation time was (0.64±0.08) hour in navigation group and (0.91±0.09) hour in control group. Conclusions Navigation guided extraction of impacted supernumerary tooth takes less time for operation but more time for the preoperative navigation system design.