OBJECTIVETo investigate the curative effect of penile elongation with four differentoperative approaches.

METHODSThrough four different operative approaches (the coronary sulcus ringincision, Y or Z shaped incision or Z shaped incision combined with coronary sulcus ring incision), thepenile skin and fascia were degloved until the penile root. Then the superficial and deep dorsal penilesuspensory ligament were cut off. After electric coagulation of the residue ends, the two-side tissue at thefront of the pubic symphysis was sutured. Then the penile skin and fascia were repositioned and the incisionat the inner and outer plate was closed.

RESULTSThe increased penile static length was (2.9 ± 0.2) cmwith abdominal wall Y incision (12 cases); (3.1 ± 0.3) cm with transabdominal modified Z incision (260 cases); (3.9 ± 0.7) cm with coronary sulcus ring incision (363 cases); (3.4 ± 0.8) cm with combined incision (39 cases). The lengthening effect was significantly different between the coronary ring incision and abdominal wall Y/Z incision (P < 0.05). The postoperative follow-up period was 6 months to 5.5 years without serious complications. Only 3 cases of subcutaneous hematoma occurred with treatment of debridement and drainage. 4 cases with ischemic necrosis at distal penile skin, were treated with debridement, dressing and physiotherapy, leaving no scar.

CONCLUSIONSPenile lengthening surgery are safe and effective through different approaches. The coronal ring incision has the best therapeutic effect.

Bandages ; Debridement ; Drainage ; Electrocoagulation ; Fasciotomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; surgery ; Male ; Necrosis ; surgery ; Organ Size ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the phenomenon that SKOV3 was killed by the PBL mediated by BHL-Iin vitro and tlle possible related mechanisms.Methods MTr colorimetric assay was used to analyze in vitro if PBL is cytotoxicitic to tlle target cells at different ratios of activated PBL and target cells (25:1,12.5:1,6.25:1,3.2:1),BHL-I mediating time(24,36,48 h),targets(SKOV3,MCF-7)and concentration of BHL-I(100,50,25,12.5,6.25,3.2,1.6,Oμg/ml).The levels of perforin,GrB mRNA and the concentrations of hIFN-γand hTNF-α,which expressed and secreted by the effector(PBL)in the process of target cell being killed,were evaluated by RT-PCR or ELISA.respectively.Results The cytotoxicity of PBL to SKOV3 cells was more efficient than to MCF-7 cells(P<0.01),and tlle PBL exhibited most effective cytotoxicity to SKOV3 cells when the concent ration ratio of PBL to SKOV3 was 12.5:1.and the mediated time of 25 μg/ml BHL-1 was 36 h.Furthermore,The PBL expressed a hisher level of perforin,GrB mRNA and hTNFF-α,hIFN-γ when the BHL-I was present,and the IL-2 increased the level of these cytokines expressed by PBL.Condusion The anti-human ovarian carcinoma×anti-human CD3 bispecific single-chain antibody BHL-I can induce PBL efficiently to kill the SKOV3 cells containing related antigens.The cytotoxic activity may be associated with the eytokines(pefforin,GrB,hTNF-α,hIFN-γ)which expressed or secreted by activated PBL,while the IL-2 Call enhance the cytotoxicity of PBL mediated by BHL-I.

Objective To investigate the phenomenon that SKOV3 was killed by the PBL mediated by BHL-Iin vitro and tlle possible related mechanisms.Methods MTr colorimetric assay was used to analyze in vitro if PBL is cytotoxicitic to tlle target cells at different ratios of activated PBL and target cells (25:1,12.5:1,6.25:1,3.2:1),BHL-I mediating time(24,36,48 h),targets(SKOV3,MCF-7)and concentration of BHL-I(100,50,25,12.5,6.25,3.2,1.6,Oμg/ml).The levels of perforin,GrB mRNA and the concentrations of hIFN-γand hTNF-α,which expressed and secreted by the effector(PBL)in the process of target cell being killed,were evaluated by RT-PCR or ELISA.respectively.Results The cytotoxicity of PBL to SKOV3 cells was more efficient than to MCF-7 cells(P<0.01),and tlle PBL exhibited most effective cytotoxicity to SKOV3 cells when the concent ration ratio of PBL to SKOV3 was 12.5:1.and the mediated time of 25 μg/ml BHL-1 was 36 h.Furthermore,The PBL expressed a hisher level of perforin,GrB mRNA and hTNFF-α,hIFN-γ when the BHL-I was present,and the IL-2 increased the level of these cytokines expressed by PBL.Condusion The anti-human ovarian carcinoma×anti-human CD3 bispecific single-chain antibody BHL-I can induce PBL efficiently to kill the SKOV3 cells containing related antigens.The cytotoxic activity may be associated with the eytokines(pefforin,GrB,hTNF-α,hIFN-γ)which expressed or secreted by activated PBL,while the IL-2 Call enhance the cytotoxicity of PBL mediated by BHL-I.

Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics and potential health risks of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in Qingshan District, Wuhan. Methods The PM_2.5 samples were collected in Qingshan District of Wuhan for 7 days every and each month from the year 2016 to 2017. The components were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The potential health risks were assessed based on the standard method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Results The average annual mass concentration of PM_2.5 was 60.06 μg/m³, exceeding the ambient air quality standard of China. The average annual mass concentration of 4 water-soluble anions and cations was 17.80 μg/m³, accounting for 31.40% of PM_2.5. The sum of NO₃^- and SO₄^2- accounted for more than 70% of the total ions with an average ratio of 0.72, and the source was mainly the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. The average annual mass concentration of 12 metal elements in PM_2.5 was 0.27 μg/m³, with the main elements being Al, Pb, and Mn. The average concentration of As and Cr exceeded the annual average limit of ambient air quality standards. The annual average concentration of 16 types of PAHs was 15.72 ng/m³, of which the average BaP concentration was 1.32 ng/m³ in 2016, which was higher than the second-level limit in China, and 0.63 ng/m³ in 2017, which was lower than the limit. The risk assessment results showed that the percentile distribution of chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects of both PAHs and As was relatively high, while Mn had certain chronic non-carcinogenic health risks, and Cr and Cd had certain carcinogenic risks. Conclusion In recent years, the air quality pollution in Qingshan District of Wuhan had been reduced, but it was still higher than the secondary air quality standard of China. The chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects of some elements in PM_2.5 exceeded acceptable levels, , which should be further emphasized.