According to the instruction of the operator, the designed programmable multichannel stimulator will deliver stimuli with an assigned amplitude and a proper width to the electrode-array in various modes. Each stimulation time is controlled by the internal timer of the MCU, while the stimulated electrodes' spatial parameter is controlled by the CPLD. Having abandoned conventional isolation using the transformer, we have adapted optical coupling and stable float ground connection to achieve the safety standard required by physiological measurements.
Electric Stimulation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiology ; instrumentation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the technique and therapeutic effect of bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in young children. Methods:From June 2006 to June 2012,45 young children with femoral shaft fractures were treated by bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion,which was designed according to arch bridge mechanical principle and structure. There were 31 males and 14 females with an average age of 3.2 years old ranging from 8 months to 5.5 years old; 14 cases were upper 1/3 femoral fractures,26 cases were middle 1/3 femoral fractures,5 cases were lower 1/3 femoral fractures; 20 cases were transverse fractures, 14 cases were oblique fractures,6 cases were spiral frac- tures, and 5 cases were comminuted fractures. X-ray, follow-up imaging changes,clinical curative effect and complications were assessed.

RESULTSForty-five patients were followed up for 6 to 21 months (averaged 12 months). All fractures were reached clinical bone healing after 5 to 7 weeks (averaged 6 weeks) fixation. Seven cases appearred limb soft tissue complications, including buttocks bedsore,dorsal foot and Achilles tendon epidermal necrosis, and healed after dressing and removal of external fixation. During follow-up,the original overlap angle and lateral displacement were remodeled, and limbs were restored to the normal line of force and bone structure. According to Flynn standard, 35 cases got excellent results, 8 cases good, 2 cases fair.

CONCLUSIONThe bridge wire splint fixation with ankle dorsiflexion for the treatment of femoral. shaft fractures in young children (less than 6 years old) is safe,feasible, simple,and has raliable effect, which can be applied in primary hospitals.

Ankle ; surgery ; Bone Wires ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Femur ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo establish a method suitable to determine the purgative biopotency of rhubarb and construct a new quality evaluation pattern of rhubarb.

METHODA series of factors such as observation index (mass of feces in 10 hours), animal strain (ICR mice), sex (male) and the dose of diphenoxylate complex (50 mg x kg(-1)) was investigated and fixed. The purgative biopotency as well as anthraquinone determination was used to evaluate the quality of different rhubarb samples.

RESULTThere wasn't a good linear relationship between the purgative biopotency and content of anthraquinone. The quality difference of rhubarb samples could be well characterized by combination of purgative biopotency determination and anthraquinone determination.

CONCLUSIONThe purgative biopotency determination can be used in quality control and evaluation of rhubarb.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Biological Assay ; Cathartics ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Female ; Linear Models ; Male ; Mice ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors

The aim of this study is to explore the tissue distribution of PEGylated puerarin in acute myocardial ischemia model rats. Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups (30 each). Both were given PEGylated puerarin at a dose of 488 mg x kg(-1). After 5 min of medication, one group was normal rats, another group with acute myocardial ischemia was established by peritoneal injection of 50 mg x kg(-1) isoprenaline. After administration, the animals were executed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min, then heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney were extracted. The content of puerarin in organ tissue was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the AUC of tissue distribution of PEGylated puerarin in normal rats was liver > kidney > heart ≈ spleen > lung > brain. While the AUC of tissue distribution of PEGylated puerarin in acute myocardial ischemia model rats was liver ≈ heart > kidney > lung ≈ spleen > brain. AUC(heart) of PEGylated puerarin in acute myocardial ischemia model rats was 1.7 times than that of the normal rats, and there was significant difference (P < 0.05). Thus, PEGylated puerarin had a good heart-targeting property in early myocardial infarction area, drugs could accumulate in the ischemic myocardium. It provided important information for further study and clinic use of PEGylated puerarin.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacokinetics ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; metabolism ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical effects between bridge wire splint fixation and traditional Bryant traction for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children.

METHODSFrom June 2006 to June 2009,38 children with femoral shaft fractures were treated with bridge wire splint fixation and Bryant traction. In bridge wire splint group, there were 15 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 8 months to 5.3 years, with an average of (2.3 +/- 0.6) years. According to fracture site classification, 5 patients were upper 1/3 femoral fractures, 9 patients were middle 1/3 femoral fractures,and 7 patients were lower 1/3 femoral fractures. In Bryant traction group,there were 10 males and 7 females, ranging in age from 10 months to 3.2 years, with an average of (2.2 +/- 0.4) years. According to fracture site classification, 4 cases were upper 1/3 femoral fractures, 10 patients were middle 1/3 femoral fractures, 3 patients were lower 1/3 femoral fractures. The clinical features, X-ray healing time,weight-bearing time and complications of the two groups were compared.

RESULTSComparison of fracture healing time: bridge wire splint group was (6.0 +/- 0.3) weeks and Bryant traction group was (6.2 +/- 0.4) weeks; the time of weight-bearing in bridge wire splint group was (6.1 +/- 1.0) weeks and in Bryant traction group was (6.4 +/- 1.2) weeks; there was no significant difference between two groups. There was a significant difference in soft tissue complication between bridge wire splint group occurred in 3 cases and 13 cases in Bryant traction group. According to the criteria of clinical efficacy,in Bryant traction group, 12 patients got an excellent result, 4 good and 1 fair; in bridge wire splint group, the data were 17, 3 and 1 respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONBoth of bridge wire splint fixation and traditional Bryant traction for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children have good efficacy. Compared with Bryant traction,bridge wire splint fixation is simple, safe and has reliable effect.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Femur ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Splints ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Traction ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight-Bearing

Objective To analyze the registration of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)among students in Hunan Province,understand the epidemiological characteristics,provide evidence for improving tuberculosis control strate-gy in schools in Hunan Province.Methods Registration rate and epidemiological characteristics of students with tu-berculosis in Hunan Province were analyzed through data registered in China Tuberculosis Information Management System between 2012 and 2017.Results From 2012 to 2017,7 940 students with PTB were found in Hunan Prov-ince,the registered incidence was 13.23/1 00 000,2 203 cases were smear positive for PTB,registered incidence was 3.67/1 00 000.Registered incidence of active PTB students in 2012－2017 was significantly different (χ2＝80.079,P＜0.001);registered incidence of smear positive PTB students in 2012－2017 was significantly different (χ2＝112.213,P＜0.001).The number of registered PTB students in the second quarter was the largest (32.2%), mainly male (60.8%)and students aged 15－19 years (61.8%).There was a significant difference in the registra-tion of PTB students in different cities from 2012 to 2017 (χ2＝320.432,P＜0.001).The top three regions of the total number of registrations were Changsha,Xiangxi and Hengyang.From 2012 to 2017,the registered PTB students were mainly referral (38.8%),99.8% of the patients received anti-tuberculosis treatment,diagnosis and treatment were mainly for smear-negative,non-severe,non-drug-resistant,and newly treated patients,accounting for 67.9%,95.2%,99.5%,and 99.3% respectively.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools,screen tuberculosis among freshmen in high schools and universities,publicize tu-berculosis knowledge,and improve awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control in schools.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of ultrasonic location botulinum toxin A (BTX-A)injection for lower limbs spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.Methods Seventy-five children with lower limbs spasticity resulting from cerebral palsy were divided into injection group(n =37) and control group(n =38).Ultrasonography was used to located the injection of BTX-A into the spastic muscles of the legs in injection group.Then rehabilitation training was received the day after the injection.For all patients,muscle spasticity and gross motor function measure were evaluated before treatment and in the second week,the first,third and sixth month treatment using the Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS) and the Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM) assessment.Results In the second week,the first,third and the sixth month of treatment,the improvement of muscle spasticity and GMFM in the injection group were significantly better than before(all P ＜ 0.01).And the improvement of muscle spasticity were the greatest in the second week and the first month of the injection.The average therapeutic effect in the injection group was significantly better than that in the control group(P ＜0.05).There was no statistical difference between the evaluation score of the third month and that of the sixth month for injection group.The BTX-A injection had time limit and could be reinject after 6 months.Conclusions The ultrasound located BTX-A injection to treat lower limbs spasticity in cerebral palsy has the advantages of accurate localization,safety,good child patient compliance and more effective than only rehabilitation treatment.

H4IIE hepatoma cells transfected by recombinant adiponectin adeno-associated virus vectors were effectively mediated adiponectin gene expression and enhanced the ability of suppressing glucose production of H4IIE cells at low concentration of insulin.Improvement of the insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes may contribute to the glucose-lowering effect of adiponectin.

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism and clinical effect of using the manipulatin of move, adduction, rotation method for the treatment of shoulder dislocation.

METHODSfrom January 2010 to March 2012,120 patients with shoulder dislocation admitted were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 60 cases in each group. In the treatment group, there were 31 males and 29 females; In control group, there were 30 males and 30 females. In treatment group, 60 patients create their own "on the move, adduction, rotation manipulative treatment,the other 60 cases in control group used traditional restoration methods in wearing the traction treatment. The efficacy of two methods of treatment of shoulder dislocation were compared on reset process once successfully rate, the patient's level of pain (VAS).

RESULTSIn treatment group, restoration once successfully were in 59 cases, improvement of the pain (VAS) values was 3.76 +/- 1.05, the results were excellent in 57 cases, good in 2, poor in 1,without concurrent fractures and nerve injury, without re-dislocation after 3 months. In control group, restoration once successfully were in 50 cases, improvement of pain (VAS) values was 5.67 +/- 1.15, the results were excellent in 45 cases, good in 7, poor in 8. The reset once successfully rate,improvement of VAS values and clinical effect in treatment group were better than that of control group.

CONCLUSIONOn the move, adduction, rotation method has advantages of more wearing traction with uniform force, work together to focus, saving time and effort, easy and convenient to avoid iatrogenic injury.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Rotation ; Shoulder Dislocation ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between G72 gene polymorphisms and depression,and to probe the difference of G72 gene polymorphisms between depression with and without mixed family history.

METHODSThe polymorphisms of G72 gene (rs947267 and rs2181953) were detected by PCR technique in 100 depressive patients without mixed family history, 50 depressive patients with mixed family history and 86 normal controls.

RESULTS(1) The frequencies of rs947267 genotypes and alleles in female depressive patients without mixed family history were significant different to the controls (P=0.017 and P=0.008), the OR scores were 0.300 (A/A, P=0.010), 0.456(A, P=0.008) and 2.195(C, P=0.008) respectively; but in male patients there were no significant differences to the controls (P>0.05). (2) The frequencies of rs2181953 genotypes and alleles in the depressive patients without mixed family history were not significantly different to the controls regardless of sex (P>0.05). (3) The frequencies of rs947267 and rs2181953 genotypes and alleles in the depressive patients with mixed family history were not significantly different to the controls regardless of sex (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe G72 gene polymorphism may be associated with female depressive patients without mixed family history,C allele of rs947267 may be the risk factor.

Alleles ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Depressive Disorder ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics