Described here is the progress of the electrical treatment for arrhythmia during the past half a century. The mechanism, their expression and the principles of electrical treatment for bradycardia, tachycardia and fatal arrhythmia--ventricular fibrillation (VF) are introduced respectively. The current situation and future development of the pacemaker, RF ablation and implantable cardioversion defibrillator are also discussed in the paper.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; surgery ; therapy ; Bradycardia ; therapy ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; classification ; trends ; Catheter Ablation ; trends ; Defibrillators, Implantable ; classification ; trends ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; therapy ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; therapy

In order to supply the multichannel electrical stimulator, a DC-DC flyback switch mode power supply based on a high-performance current mode controller UC3845 has been designed. The experimental results indicate that the power supply has satisfied the demands and can supply the multichannel electrical stimulator and similar apparatuses.
Electric Power Supplies ; Electric Stimulation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design

A new denoising method is presented in the paper, based on the independent component analysis(ICA) and the noise independent component selection measurement which is the dispersivity of the independent component's projection coefficients to each electrode. The results indicate that the method can denoise EPM signals with giving prominence to electrodes' true depolarization signals. So it' s fit well for the EPM system.
Electrodes ; Epicardial Mapping ; methods ; Membrane Potentials ; Pericardium ; physiology

According to the instruction of the operator, the designed programmable multichannel stimulator will deliver stimuli with an assigned amplitude and a proper width to the electrode-array in various modes. Each stimulation time is controlled by the internal timer of the MCU, while the stimulated electrodes' spatial parameter is controlled by the CPLD. Having abandoned conventional isolation using the transformer, we have adapted optical coupling and stable float ground connection to achieve the safety standard required by physiological measurements.
Electric Stimulation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiology ; instrumentation ; methods

This paper introduces the design of a device which combines the waves with notes from standard MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database to generate a signal source. The device displays both waves and notes on LCD while the waves are being output, making things convenient for testing and observation. In addition, this generator includes some necessary test signals stated in our new National Industry Standard on Medical Instrumentation as well.
Algorithms ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; physiopathology ; Databases as Topic ; Databases, Factual ; Electrocardiography ; statistics & numerical data ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation

This paper presents an algorithm for data interpolation and approximation used in the whole atria mapping. Multilevel B-splines are introduced to compute the whole atria surface through a set of irregularly spaced points and to draw the 3D isopotential map, which can reflect the conduction process of depolarization in complex arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Epicardial Mapping ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Microchip MSP430F149 is used to control DAC to attain an amplification-controllable analog output of data of MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database which is useful in testing medical machines. Data are written into Smart Media (SM) Card with Fat Format to make convenient the replacement of database.
Algorithms ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Databases, Factual ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation

In order to realize epicardium dynamic mapping of the whole atria, 3-D graphics are drawn with OpenGL. Some source codes are introduced in the paper to explain how to produce, read, and manipulate 3-D model data.
Body Surface Potential Mapping ; methods ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Pericardium ; anatomy & histology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software Design

EMG, This paper introduces a slope variability algorithm which uses the CU Database and the AHA Database. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivity and accuracy are calculated and these values are compared with the results from two earlier detection algorithms. The results show this algorithm is more effective and fast than other algorithms.
Algorithms ; Defibrillators ; Electric Countershock ; instrumentation ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This paper proposes a method of automatic ECG analysis and arrhythmia diagnosis for telemonitoring system. A multi-buffer technique is applied to organize dispersive ECG data. Then, according to second order derivatives of ECG signals, peaks of R waves are automatically detected. Finally, real-time heart rhythm is decided by results of R wave detection. Tests prove that the proposed method is precise, efficient and stable to be applied in real-time ECG telemonitoring system.
Algorithms ; Automation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; methods ; Remote Consultation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted