Objective　To investigate clinical features of neonatal ventilator associated pneumonia.Methods　Retrospective analysis of clinical features was performed in twenty-two newborns with ventilator associated pneumonia.Results　Ventilator associated pneumonia were found in 22 ou t of 36 neonates with mechanical ventilation.Conclusion　The incidence of VAP is significantly increased if the time of mechanical ventilation in longer than 96 hours.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism to reverse the drug resistance of leukemia cells in tetrandrine (Tet) alone or in combination with droloxifen (Drol) by using protein chips and to lay the theoretical basis for the clinical applications. Three monoclonal antibodies against P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were immobilized onto the agarose gel film-coated glass slides. Protein chips were prepared respectively from K562/A02 cells cultured for 12, 24 and 48 hours with Tet alone or in combination with Drol. The results showed that Tet alone or in combination with Drol could decrease only the expression of P-gp in a time-dependent manner, the effect for 48 hours as follows: Tet + Drol 82.620 +/- 3.227; Tet alone 86.440 +/- 2.906; Drol alone 87.230 +/- 2.049; control 93.670 +/- 2.748 (P < 0.05). However, down-regulation of P-gp by K562/A02 cells cultured with Tet alone or in combination with Drol began at 24 hours (Tet + Drol 85.270 +/- 3.095; control 93.670 +/- 2.748, P < 0.05). The results were coincident with that of FCM. It is concluded that Tet and Drol can downregulate the expression of P-gp in the time-dependent way. There is a significant difference between Tet alone and Tet combined with Drol at 24 hours (P < 0.05). The expression of MRP1 and BCRP are not closely correlated with the reversal mechanism of Tet and Drol, and which may be involved in the mechanism of this combination to reverse multidrug resistance in leukemia.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; biosynthesis ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Protein Array Analysis ; Tamoxifen ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging derived quantitative metrics and serum soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) level in an embolic canine stroke model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established in 24 beagle dogs. Experimental dogs were divided into low- and high-sCD40L group according to serum sCD40L level at 4.5 hours after establishing the model. IVIM imaging was scanned at 4.5 hours after model establishment using 10 b values ranging from 0 to 900 s/mm². Quantitative metrics diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) of ischemic lesions were calculated. Quantitative metrics of ischemic lesions were normalized by contralateral hemisphere using the following formula: normalized D = D(stroke) / D(contralateral). Differences in IVIM metrics between the low- and high-sCD40L groups were compared using t test. Pearson's correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between IVIM metrics and serum sCD40L level. RESULTS: The high-sCD40L group showed significantly lower f and normalized f values than the low-sCD40L group (f, p < 0.001; normalized f, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in D*, normalized D*, D, or normalized D value between the two groups (All p > 0.05). Both f and normalized f values were negatively correlated with serum sCD40L level (f, r = −0.789, p < 0.001; normalized f, r = −0.823, p < 0.001). However, serum sCD40L level had no significant correlation with D*, normalized D*, D, or normalized D (All p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The f value derived from IVIM imaging was negatively correlated with serum sCD40L level. f value might serve as a potential imaging biomarker to assess the formation of microvascular thrombosis in hyperacute period of ischemic stroke.
Animals ; CD40 Ligand* ; Diffusion ; Dogs ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Perfusion ; Stroke* ; Thrombosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical application of superior or inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps for the gluteal sores.

METHODSBefore operation, the perforator artery was detected by Doppler flowmeter and labeled. The perforator flap was designed, including the perforator artery, but not the gluteal maximum muscle.

RESULTSFrom Aug. 2006 to May 2009, 15 cases were treated. The flap size ranged from 6 cm x 8 cm to 7 cm x 15 cm. All the flaps survived completely without hematoma, seroma or other complication.

CONCLUSIONSThe gluteal maximum muscle-reserved gluteal artery perforator flap is a good choice for gluteal sore with reliable blood supply and less morbidity in donor site.

Adult ; Buttocks ; blood supply ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pressure Ulcer ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the synthetical index for diagnosing schistosomiasis with ultrasound and to assess the prevalence rate with the index.

METHODSUltrasound indexes of schistosomiasis Japonicum were analyzed by principal component analysis, and the synthetical indexes were assessed by ROC curve.

RESULTSAmong the abnormal rates of the 6 indexes, the lowest was 1.6% comparing with the highest of 59.5%. Significant difference was noficed among the abnormal rates (chi(2) = 631.1, P < 0.01). The individual correlation of the six indexes to each other as will as with age distribution was significant (P < 0.05). The three principal components reflected the degree of pathological changes on liver and spleen. The first principal component was the factor reflecting the degree of liver pathological changes, and the second and third principal components reflected the degree of pathological changes on spleen. The synthetical index D(1) = 0.047X(1) + 0.428X(2) + 1.247X(3) + 0.095X(4) + 0.002X(5) + 0.213X(6) - 12.837 was found by adding the three weight principal components, and it's area under the ROC curve was 0.957. When -1.70 was taken as the critical value, the abnormal rate of population was 66.3%, close to the resident's actual prevalence rate 66.9%.

CONCLUSIONUltrasonography was considered as a method which could rapidly assessing the resident's prevalence rate in the endemic areas of schisitosomiasis Japonicum, and could also provide powerful information for development of strategy on chemotherapy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Principal Component Analysis ; ROC Curve ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the use of protein array chips in detection of multidrug-resistance proteins.

METHODSHuman erythroleukemic cell line K562 and its doxorubicin-resistant counterpart K562/A02 were used in the study. Monoclonal antibodies against P-glycoprotein (P-gP), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were immobilized onto agarose film-coated glass. The antibody-cell binding was assessed by capturing K562 and K562/A02 cells. The protein array was observed under a microscope and the image was captured with a CCD camera. The expression levels of the three proteins were also measured by flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSThe expression of P-gP and BCRP in K562 was very low. However, MRP1 expression was high. P-gP and MRP1 were highly expressed in K562/A02, while the expression of BCRP was low. FCM results showed that the expression rate of P-gP, MRP1 and BCRP in K562 cells was 5.98% +/- 2.19%, 95.80% +/- 3.98%, 1.03% +/- 0.45%, respectively, while that in K562/A02 cells was 92.67% +/- 1.80%, 97.18% +/- 1.02%, 3.98% +/- 0.37%, respectively. The results of protein array method are consistent with those of FCM (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt is feasible to develop a new protein array technique and to provide a novel method for multi-drug resistant cell detection, with a high throughput, high specificity, simple procedure and low cost.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; analysis ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; analysis ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; analysis ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; Protein Array Analysis

The aim of this study was to set up a new method for 5, 10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyping, and to investigate the hereditary susceptibility of hematological malignancy. Prepared an aimed gene microarray based on cDNA microarray theory, dual-color fluorescence hybridization was used to detect SNP loci, and DNA sequencing was performed to confirm the results. The MTHFR C677T SNP loci of 157 controls and 127 patients with hematological malignancies (30 multiple myeloma, 28 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 22 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 40 acute myeloid leukemia, 7 chronic myeloid leukemia) from Jiangsu province were detected. The results showed that after overlapping, homozygous wild type, heterozygote type and homozygous mutant type yielded green, yellow and red fluorescence, respectively. DNA sequencing validated these results. The allele frequency of 677C and 677T in patients and controls were 58.7% and 66.9%, 41.3% and 33.1% respectively, showing statistically significant difference (chi2 = 4.077, P = 0.043). 677TT genotype showed a significantly higher risk of MM (OR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.50 - 11.83; P = 0.006). It is concluded that this microarray-based method is accurate, high-throughput and inexpensive, suitable for SNP genotyping in a large number of individuals. C677T polymorphisms influence the risk of hematological malignancies. 677TT genotype is susceptive to MM.
Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective:To analyze the satisfaction degree and influencing factors of basic public health services in urban and rural areas in Hubei province,and to provide the evidence for further improvement of the quality of basic public health services. Methods:A total of 12 primary health institutions (6 urban community health service centers and 6 rural township hospitals) were selected from Wuhan,Huanggang,Jingzhou of Hubei Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the satisfaction,accessibility,comfort,safety and effectiveness of basic public health services among 719 residents. Results:The overall urban and rural residents'satisfaction score of basic public health service was 71.62 points,and the total satisfaction rate was 73.44%. The urban residents overall satisfaction score was 74.67 points,and the overall satisfaction rate was 75. 34%. The rural residents overall satisfaction score was 67.64 points,and the overall satisfaction rate was 71.52%. Among the specific indicators,the most satisfactory items were the convenience of visits (83.03%),privacy protection (80.25%),and indicators least satisfactory were medical technology(61.61%)and equipment facilities(64.53%). Logistics regression analy-sis showed that accessibility,comfort and safety of basic public health services had a greater impact on community residents' satisfaction;and gender and annual medical expenditure had a certain impact on residents'satisfaction. Conclusions:The over-all satisfaction of basic public health services in urban and rural residents of Hubei province is at a general level and still to be promoted. Urban residents'satisfaction is higher than that of the rural area. The basic public health services should further strengthen the quality improvement to further promote the equalization of basic public health services in rural as in urban areas.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the accu-mulation of immature myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow,compromising of normal hematopoi-esis and ultimately resulting in bone marrow failure. Chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment for all AML patients,however,drug resistance and clinical relapse limits its efficacy.The 5-year survival rate of AML patients is only 26.6%.Survival rates are even lower among patients ages 65 to 74 years (5.3%)and 75 years or older(1.6%).Therefore,exploring novel therapeutic agents is urgent for improving the outcome of patients with AML. Saponins are amphipathic glycosides found in traditional Chinese medicines. In the present study, we isolated a panel of saponins from Paris forrestii (Takht.) H. Li, a unique plant found in Tibet and Yunnan provinces, China. By examining their activities in suppressing acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation, total saponins from Paris forrestii (TSPf) displayed more potent activity than individual ones.TSPf induced more than 40% AML cell apoptosis within 24 h and decreased the viability of all leukemia cell lines. TSPf-induced apoptosis was confirmed by both Annexin V staining and caspase-3 activation.TSPf downregulated pro-survival proteins Mcl-1,Bcl-xL and Bcl-2,but upreg-ulated the expression of tumor suppressor proteins p53,p27,Bax and Beclin 1.The AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is frequently over activated in various AML cells,and TSPf was found to suppress the activa-tion of both AKT and mTOR,but had no effects on their total protein expression.This was further con-firmed by the inactivation of 4EBP-1 and p70S6K,two typical downstream signal molecules in the AKT/mTOR pathway. More specifically, TSPf-inactivated AKT/mTOR signaling was found to be associated with downregulated RNF6, a recently identified oncogene in AML. RNF6 activated AKT/mTOR, and consistently, knockdown of RNF6 led to inactivation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, TSPf suppressed the growth of AML xenografts in nude mice models. Oral administration of 100 mg·kg-1 body weight almost fully suppressed tumor growth within 14 d, without gross toxicity. This study thus demonstrated that TSPf displays potent anti-AML activity by suppressing the RNF6/AKT/mTOR pathway. Given its low toxicity,TSPf could be developed for the treatment of AML.

Objective To examine the relationship between hyperthyroidism and excessive iodine intake from drinking water through epidemiological studies in the iodine excess and the iodine normal villages. Methods Mengzhuang village of Pei county and Xingji village of Pizhou city in Jiangsu province, with median water iodine concentration of 1284.1 μg/L and 77.9 μ/L, respectively,were selected in 2006. Thyroid diseases of all local residents in the two villages were assessed clinically to compare the prevalence and the distribution of hyperthyroidism. Results A total of 17 471 residents were recruited from the iodine excess village, 26 of them were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 1.49‰, 0.75‰ (7/9264) in male,2.32‰( 19/8207) in female, and the age-standardized prevalence was 1.48‰. A total of 12 765 residents were recruited from the iodine normal village, among them 27 residents were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 2.12‰, 0.96‰(7/6823) in male, 3.26‰(20/5942) in female, and the agestandardized prevalence was 2.02‰. The prevalence and age-standardized prevalence was significantly lower in the iodine excess village than those in the iodine normal village (u = 2.88, 2.89; all P < 0.01). The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was lower among females in the iodine excess village (2.32‰) than that in the iodine normal one (3.37‰, u = 2.89, P < 0.01). Residents aged 20 - 50 years had higher prevalence of hyperthyroidism[(19.36 -38.96 )/10 000]in the two villages. The proportion of Graves diseases was 50.00% (13/26) in the iodine excessvillage, higher than that in the iodine normal village[29.41%(5/17) , χ2 = 5.853, P < 0.01]. Conclusions Chronic excessive iodine intake does not increase the chance of suffering from hyperthyroidism. On the contrary, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism in the iodine excess village decreases significantly compared with that of the iodine normal village. The prevalence is higher among females.