OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of several protein markers in a metastatic colorectal carcinoma model by serum proteomic analysis.

METHODSThe pEGFP-N1 plasmid with enhanced expression of green fluorescence protein (EGFP) was transfected into human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 to obtain a stable SW480-EGFP cell line, the SW480-EGFP cells were then injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The harvested tumor cells were implanted orthotopically into the colon of the nude mice. Real-time tumor growth and metastasis formation were visualized by whole-body fluorescent imaging system. Serum samples at different metastatic stages were collected and differential proteomic profiles were investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser absorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

RESULTSThe SW480- EGFP cells enabled to express EGFP stably. The rates of subcutaneous and orthotropic tumor formation were 100%. The metastasis rates to local lymph nodes, liver and lung were 100%, 40% and 30%, respectively. Furthermore, 5 differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by serum proteome technologies, including haptoglobin alpha chain, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-IV, Ig kappa chain V region chain L and transferrin.

CONCLUSIONSVisualized metastatic model of colorectal carcinoma was successfully established. Several differentially expressed serum proteins collected at different stages after the occurrence of metastasis were identified. These differentially expressed proteins may be candidate serum biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of colorectal carcinoma metastasis.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins A ; blood ; Apolipoproteins E ; blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Blood Proteins ; analysis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; pathology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Haptoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains ; blood ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; blood ; genetics ; pathology ; Proteomics ; methods ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Transfection ; Transferrin ; analysis ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) expression and lymphatic metastasis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC).

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect HSP27 expression in 68 specimens of human CRC. The expression of HSP27 mRNA and protein was also detected in two colorectal carcinoma cell lines with different lymphatic metastasis potentials by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSHSP27 expression was not related to such clinicopathological factors as the patient's age, gender, histological grade, lymphatic metastasis or clinical stages (P>0.05), but overexpression of HSP27 showed significant inverse correlation to lymphatic metastasis of CRC (P=0.035). HSP27 mRNA and protein were expressed at low levels in SW620 cells with high potentials for lymphatic metastasis, and at high levels in SW480 cells that had low lymphatic metastasis potentials.

CONCLUSIONHSP27 expression can be inversely correlated to metastatic behavior of CRC cells, and may play a role in suppressing the metastasis of CRC.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Young Adult

Objective To observe expression of neuron specific enolase (NSE) gene in the brain of rats induced by iodine excess. Methods One hundred and fifty one-month weaning Wistar rats were divided into ten groups according to 5 × 2 factorial experiment. Rats were fed with normal feedstuff and water of a series of iodine concentration by adding potassium iodide respectively: norrmal iodine (NI), five-fold high iodine (5HI), ten-fold high iodine(10HI), fifty-fold high iodine(50HI) and one hundred-fold iodine(100HI). After these rats were fed for three or six months, rat serum thyroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay including TT4, TT3, FT4, FT3, rT3 and the mRNA level of NSE in rat brain tissue was studied using RT-PCR technique. Results The levels of serum TT4 and TT3 were significantly different in five iodine level groups(F values were 18.867,27.287, both P < 0.01). The interaction between time and iodine level in TT4 was significant in our study(F values were 2.486, P < 0.05). The levels of TT4 and TT3 of 100 HI group at third and sixth month were lower than those of NI, 5HI, 10HI, 50HI groups in the same period (all P < 0.01). The levels of serum FT4, FT3 and rT3 were significantly different at different time(F values were 4.968,27.046,59.776 respectively, P < 0.05 or < 0.01) and in different iodine level groups(F values were 33.058,28.420,17.482 respectively, all P < 0.01). Moreover, the interaction between time and iodine level in FT3 and rT3 was significant in our study(F values were 6.894,5.233 respectively, both P < 0.01). FT4, FT3 and rT3 in 100HI group were lower than that of other iodine dosage groups at the same time (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The levels of NSE mRNA in brain tissue was significantly different in five iodine level groups (F values were 29.006, P < 0.05). The levels of mRNA NSE of 100HI group in both three and six months (0.61 ± 0.19,0.61 ± 0.22) were all lower than that of any other groups[NI(0.73±0.13 and 0.72 ±0.26), 5HI (0.72 ± 0.15 and 0.72±0.16), 10HI (0.73 ±0.32 and 0.70±0.13), 50HI(0.71±0.18 and 0.69±0.31), all P < 0.05]. The results of correlation analyses show that the levels of serum FT3 and FT4 had correlations with the levels of NSE mRNA (P < 0.05) both in three and six months(r values were 0.987, 0.969 in three month, and 0.890, 0.910 in six month respectively). Conclusions The expression of NSE gene can tolerant the excess of iodine to a certain extent. Exposure to heavy excess iodine(100HI) can decrease the mRNA level of NSE gene. FT4 and FT3 may both have important roles on the regulation of NSE mRNA induced by excess iodine.

Wistar rats with different levels of iodine nutrition were killed after 3,6 and 12 months of experiments.Serum thyroid hormones were assayed with RIA.The activity of typeⅠdeiodinase(DⅠ)and typeⅡdeiodinase(DⅡ)was measured based on the release of radioiodide from the ~(125)Ⅰ-labeled substrate.The result showed that hypothyroidism reflected by decreased T_4 happened during the initial phase of iodine deficiency.The activity of DⅠand DⅡin rats was raised significantly in iodine deficiency groups.An excess of iodine inhibited DⅠactivity resulting in decreased serum TT_3 and FT_3.However,DⅡactivity increased in rats with iodine excess, attributing to the inactivation of T_3 and T_4 to the substrate of DⅡenzyme.

OBJECTIVE: Using CO II sequences to identify common species of carrion-breeding flies and larvae. METHODS: flies and larvae were collected on the corpses of rats in Zhengzhou district, DNA was extracted, CO II sequences were amplified and sequenced. Clustalx and MEGA 4.0 software were used to analyze the gene sequences and to construct the phylogenetic trees. RESULTS: There was no significant gene difference between adults and larvae. COII gene sequences could be used to identify Boettcherisca peregrina, Aldrichina grahami and Lucilia illustris but they could not distinguish Lucilia cuprina from the Lucilia sericata because of their close evolutionary distance and single nucleotide polymorphisms in aldrichina grahami and Lucilia illustris populations were found. CONCLUSION CO II sequence of mtDNA in Zhengzhou district can be used effectively to identify some common species of carrion-breeding fly. The method is simple and accurate.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics* ; Diptera/genetics* ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics* ; Entomology ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Genes, Insect ; Larva/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Rats ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

BACKGROUNDMediastinal lesions are often difficult to diagnose in clinical practice because of the unique anatomical position of the mediastinum, which makes performance of biopsy difficult. The value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node staging has been widely accepted. However, few studies have been conducted on the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mediastinal lesions. The current study was conducted to investigate the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of isolated mediastinal lesions without lung abnormalities.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with isolated mediastinal lesions without lung abnormalities for whom endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration examination was performed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking University People's Hospital, between September 2009 and December 2010. For patients who could not be diagnosed with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, surgical biopsy or more than 6 months of clinical and imaging follow-up was carried out.

RESULTSEndobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was performed for 60 patients with isolated mediastinal lesions. Correct diagnosis was made in 48 cases. Nineteen cases were malignant, and 29 were benign. The rate of correct diagnosis was 80%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in distinguishing benign from malignant mediastinal lesions were 95%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. The examination was tolerable for all patients. No associated complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONEndobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is a safe and effective method of diagnosing mediastinal lesions.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Mediastinum ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of overdose iodine on the expression of CCK gene in brains of rats and identify the possible mechanisms.

METHODSOne-month weaning Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups which were fed with normal feedstuff and water supplemented with different concentrations of potassium iodide, named A group (iodine ration was about 6.15 microg per day), B group (iodine ration was about 30.75 microg per day), C group (iodine ration was about 61.5 microg per day), D group (iodine ration was about 307.5 microg per day) and E group (iodine ration was about 615 microg per day). Rats were sacrificed after being fed for three or six months. Then serum thyroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and the mRNA level of CCK gene was studied by using RT-PCR technique.

RESULTSAt the end of three months, the values of thyroid hormones in E group [TT4 (45.2 +/- 13.7) nmol/L, TI'3 (0.65 +/- 0.20) nmol/L, FT3 (0.93 +/- 0.45) pmol/L, FT4 (7.07 +/- 2.43) pmol/L, rT3 (0.15 +/- 0.04) nmol/L] were all lower than those in A group [TT4 (76.0 +/- 18.8) nmol/L, TT3 (1.34 +/- 0.41) nmol/L, FT3 (2.45 +/- 0.62) pmol/L, FT4 (15.12 +/- 3.40) pmol/L, rT3 (0.24 +/- 0.04) nmol/L]. There were significant differences between E group and A group on the levels of serum TH (F values are 14.68, 16.03, 21.16, 20.25, 13.52 respectively, P < 0.01); FT3 levels in C and D groups were significantly decreased as compared to A and B groups (F = 21.16, P < 0.05). rT3 level in D group was significantly decreased compared with A,B and C groups (F = 13.52, P < 0.05). At the end of six months, the levels of serum TH in E group (TT4 (51.84 +/- 15.83) nmol/L, TT3 (0.77 +/- 0.22) nmol/L, FT4 (6.88 +/- 2.23) pmol/L, FT3 (0.74 +/- 0.28) pmol/L, rT3 (0.14 +/- 0.03) nmol/L) were lower than those in any other groups (F values were 6.05, 12.22, 11.25, 13.42, 5.89 respectively, P < 0.05). At the end of both three and six months, the mRNA levels of CCK gene in E group were lower than any other groups (F values were 4.04, 3.95 respectively, P < 0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that serum FT4 had linear correlation with levels of CCK mRNA (r values were 0.990, 0.948 respectively; P < 0.05); However serum FT3 had no linear correlation with the levels of CCK mRNA (r values are 0.970, 0.932 respectively).

CONCLUSIONSExposure to overdose of iodine (iodine ration was 100-fold higher than that of A group) could decrease the mRNA level of CCK gene. Compared with FT3, FT4 might have more important role on the regulation of CCK mRNA induced by excess of iodine.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cholecystokinin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Drug Overdose ; Female ; Food, Formulated ; Gene Expression ; Hyperphagia ; Iodine ; toxicity ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood ; Thyrotropin ; blood ; Thyroxine ; blood ; Triiodothyronine ; blood

OBJECTIVETo review the technology of completely thoracoscopic lobectomy procedures.

METHODSFrom September 2006 to July 2007, 40 patients (23 male and 17 female) underwent completely thoracoscopic lobectomy. The median age was 59.5-years-old, with a range from 24 to 79-years-old. The lobectomy was completed through 3 incision in the 5th, 8th and 7th intercostal space. The procedures were similar with conventional open lobectomy.

RESULTSAll procedure were carried out safely, including lung cancer (n = 34), lymphoma(n = 1), pulmonary cyst (n = 1), middle lobe syndrome (n = 1) , bronchiectasis (n = 2) and renal carcinoma metastasis to lung (n = 1). There were no operative mortality or serious complications. There was one patient opposed to open thoracotomy because of the mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis. The average surgical duration was 206 min (range from 60 to 300 min). The average blood loss was 221 ml (range from 100 to 400 ml) with no blood transfusion required. The average length of stay was 8.9 d. No recurrence and metastasis was observed in a follow-up range from 1 to 10 months except one patient with adenocarcinoma occurred metastasis of tumor 3 months postoperation.

CONCLUSIONThe completely thoracoscopic lobectomy is a safe and feasible surgical procedure compared with conventional open lobectomy for selected patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Thoracoscopy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To examine the relationship between hyperthyroidism and excessive iodine intake from drinking water through epidemiological studies in the iodine excess and the iodine normal villages. Methods Mengzhuang village of Pei county and Xingji village of Pizhou city in Jiangsu province, with median water iodine concentration of 1284.1 μg/L and 77.9 μ/L, respectively,were selected in 2006. Thyroid diseases of all local residents in the two villages were assessed clinically to compare the prevalence and the distribution of hyperthyroidism. Results A total of 17 471 residents were recruited from the iodine excess village, 26 of them were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 1.49‰, 0.75‰ (7/9264) in male,2.32‰( 19/8207) in female, and the age-standardized prevalence was 1.48‰. A total of 12 765 residents were recruited from the iodine normal village, among them 27 residents were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 2.12‰, 0.96‰(7/6823) in male, 3.26‰(20/5942) in female, and the agestandardized prevalence was 2.02‰. The prevalence and age-standardized prevalence was significantly lower in the iodine excess village than those in the iodine normal village (u = 2.88, 2.89; all P < 0.01). The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was lower among females in the iodine excess village (2.32‰) than that in the iodine normal one (3.37‰, u = 2.89, P < 0.01). Residents aged 20 - 50 years had higher prevalence of hyperthyroidism[(19.36 -38.96 )/10 000]in the two villages. The proportion of Graves diseases was 50.00% (13/26) in the iodine excessvillage, higher than that in the iodine normal village[29.41%(5/17) , χ2 = 5.853, P < 0.01]. Conclusions Chronic excessive iodine intake does not increase the chance of suffering from hyperthyroidism. On the contrary, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism in the iodine excess village decreases significantly compared with that of the iodine normal village. The prevalence is higher among females.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of various types of mature T-cell and natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma in Guangdong, China, with respect to the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

METHODSEleven hundred and thirty-seven (1137) cases of mature T-cell or NK/T-cell lymphoma diagnosed during the period from 2002 to 2006 in Guangzhou area were retrieved. The clinical data, histologic features and immunohistochemical findings were reviewed by a panel of experienced hematopathologists. Additional immunostaining was performed if indicated. The cases were re-classified according to the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

RESULTSNine hundred and sixty-three (963) cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of mature T-cell or NK/T-cell lymphoma and accounted for 20.1% of all cases of lymphoma encountered during the same period (963/4801). A predominance of extranodal involvement was noted in 644 cases (66.9%), while 319 cases (33.1%) showed mainly nodal disease. The prevalence of various lymphoma subtypes was as follows: peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL, NOS) 293 cases (30.4%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type 281 cases (29.2%), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) 198 cases (20.6%), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) 46 cases (4.8%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.99. The median age of the patients was 44 years, with the peak age of PTCL, NOS, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and AILT being 55 to 64 years, 25 to 54 years and 65 to 74 years, respectively. ALK-positive ALCL occurred more frequently in young age, while the ALK-negative ALCL cases occurred mainly in the elderly.

CONCLUSIONSExtranodal lesions predominate in mature T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas occurring in Guangzhou area. There is a male predominance and the overall incidence shows no increasing trend with age of the patient. The peak age of various subtypes however varies. The most common subtype was PTCL, NOS, followed by extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, ALCL and AILT. The relatively frequent occurrence of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type in Guangdong area is likely associated with the high incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection there.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Infant ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; World Health Organization ; Young Adult