OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) on H2O2-induced hippocampal neurons aging in vitro. METHODS The primary culture hippo-campal neurons(7 d)were randomly placed into six groups:normal control group,H2O2(200 μM)treat-ment group,and H2O2+Rg1(1,5 and 10μM)groups.The neurons were with Rg1(1,5 and 10 μmol·L-1) for 6h. H2O2(200 μmol·L-1) was added to the medium and incubate for 18 h. The Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining was performed for ROS production assessment. The LDH release and Hoechst 33258 were performed to examine the neuronal damage and apoptosis. The immunoblot was used to deter-mine the expression of β-Gal,NOX2,p22phox,p47phox,NLRP-1,ASC and Caspase-1 in hippocampal neurons.The ELISA was performed to detect the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 released in the supernatant in hippocampal neurons.RESULTS Rg1(5 and 10 μmol·L-1)significantly reduced the ROS production, attenuated H2O2-induced neuronal damage and apoptosis (P<0.05, P<0.01). The immunoblot results showed that Rg1(5 and 10 μmol·L-1)treatment significantly decreased the expression of β-Gal,NOX2, p22phox,p47phox,NLRP-1,ASC and Caspase-1 in hippocampal neurons(P<0.05,P<0.01).Additionally, Rg1(5 and 10 μmol·L-1)treatment significantly decreased IL-1β and IL-18 release in the supernatant. CONCLUSION The protective effect of Rg1 in H2O2-induced hippocampal neurons aging may be due to inhibit NOX2-NLRP1 activation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence, age and gender distribution and clinical features of HIV/AIDS oral lesions in patients in Guangxi province, and to provide the epidemiological information for prevention and treatment of these diseases in the certain population.

METHODSA total of 64 HIV/AIDS patients were included in this study. All patients HIV serum-status was confirmed in Guangxi Center of Disease Control (GXCDC). Oral examination was carried out by standardized specialists. HIV/AIDS orofacial lesions were recorded and diagnosed using the EC Clearing House Criteria on Oral Problems related to HIV Infection (1992).

RESULTSAmong the total of 64 HIV/AIDS patients included in this study, there were 53 males and 11 females, with mean age of 36.1 years. Candidiasis was the most common lesion with the pseudomembranous type predominating. High prevalences of xerostomia, 11 oral ulceration and 7 HIV related periodontitis were noted. 6 Herpetic stomatitis and 3 herpes zoster, 2 oral hairy leukoplakia and 1 Kaposi's sarcoma and 1 lymphadentitis also were found.

CONCLUSIONThis study shows a high prevalence of candidiasis, salivary gland disease. Maybe oral ulceration prevalence is not increased, but lesion severity is increased with more severe heperiform or major RAU. It suggested that HIV/AIDS usually shows oral lesion and partly can appear in early phase.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; Candidiasis, Oral ; China ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Leukoplakia, Hairy ; Male ; Mouth Diseases ; Periodontitis ; Prevalence ; Sarcoma, Kaposi

Objective To provide scientific evidences for improving children early integrated development,through analyzing the mental developmental status and characteristics of 322 cases of 2-year-old children in Nanjing.Methods Intelligence and motor development condition in 322 cases of 2-year-old children were assessed by using Bayley Scales of Infant Development test,and the assessed results were analyzed.Results 1.The incidences of the children whose mental development index(MDI)or psychomotor development index(PDI)were under 69 were 3.1% and 5.6%,respectively;2.The MDI mean score(114.34?19.65)was significantly higher than that of PDI(101.73?21.53)(t=9.71,P0.05).Conclusions The incidences of mental retardation in this study were consistent with the result reported by World Health Organization.There were differences between motor and intelligence development in children,as well as the intelligence development between male and female.Therefore,it should be implemented early childhood developmental screening in child health care.Parents should be given scientific guides about intelligence and motor development of children.

Objective To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and the polymorphism of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene Al166C in hypertensive Kazakans of Xinjiang ares.Methods Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods were used to detect the A1166C polymorphism of AT1R gene of 296 hypertensive and 198 normotensive Kazakans.Biochemical parameters were measured by autochemical emalyzer.Results (1) The TC and LDL-C levels are significantly higher in hypertension group than those in normotensive controls [TC:(4.91±1.19)mmool/L vs.(4.43±1.20) mmol/L;LDL-C:(3.36±1.01) mmol/L vs.(2.94±1.30) mmol/L,P＜0.001).(2)In hypertension group,TC and LDL-C are related to A1166C polymorphism of AT1R gene and TC and LDLC of AC carders are significantly higher than AA carriers (P＜0.05).Condnsion The dyslipidemia is related to A1166C polymorphism of AT,R gene in hypertensive Kazakans.

Objective To analyze the etiology of 628 patients with refractory hypertension and to observe the disease distribution with respect to gender and different age groups. Methods In this study,clinical data of 628 refractory hypertensives who hospitalized in our hospital from September 1997 to December 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) There were 80.1% (503/628) patients with essential hypertension, 18. 9% (119/628) with secondary hypertension (SH) while diagnosis was not clear in 1.0% (6/628) patients. Renovascular hypertension (33.6%) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (23.5%) were the major causes of SH. The highest prevalence rate of endocrine hypertension was primary aldosteronism (13.5%). (2) There were significantly more male patients than female patients with essential hypertension, SH, renal hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, rimary aldosteronism while the incidence of pheochromocytoma in female was significantly higher than that in male patients (all P < 0.05).The incidence of renovascular hypertension was similar between male and female patients. (3) SH occurred more often in young patients (33.1%) than in aged patients (13.8%, P < 0.05). Conclusion Our data from this patient cohort showed that SH, especially renovascular hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are major causes for refractory hypertension in young patients and primary aldosteromsm was the commonest reason of endocrine hypertension in youth and middle-aged patients with refractory hypertension.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the etiology of the patients with hypertension from the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, and to investigate the distribution of hypertension in gender and different ages.

METHODSFrom September 1997 to December 2005, the data of 4642 patients with hypertension was retrospective studied.

RESULTS(1) Of all the patients, 85.24% were essential hypertension (EH) and 14.76% were secondary hypertension (SH). Higher prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome (42.92%) and anxiety (15.04%) was found in secondary hypertension. The highest prevalence of primary aldosteronism (12.12%) was found in endocrine hypertension. (2) The male patients with hypertension were more than the female ones, and the incidence of EH, sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and primary aldosteronism was higher in male patients than female ones, and the following was less than female: anxiety, pheochromocytoma and renovascular hypertension. (3) Among the patients with SH, 21.9% were found in youth, and 9.85% in aged.

CONCLUSIONFor the young, SH should be excluded, especially SAS and anxiety should be screened and differentiated. The highest prevalence of endocrine hypertension is primary aldosteronism in young and middle-aged male. The prevalence of pheochromocytoma in female is higher than that of male.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze etiology of hospitalized hypertensive patients in the department of hypertension from 1999 to 2008. Methods This retrospective study was performed to analyze the etiology of hospitalized hypertensive patients in department of hypertension and to show the distribution change of hypertension from 1999 to 2008. Results ( 1 ) There were 5867 ( 75. 1% ) patients with essential hypertension and 1942 (24. 9% ) patients with secondary hypertension (SH). (2) The prevalence rate of SH increased significantly during the 10 years (χ2 = 387.621 ,P ＜ 0.001 ) and was higher in 2008 than in 1999 (39. 3% vs. 9. 5% , P ＜ 0. 05 ). The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and primary aldosteronism (PA) in 2008 increased 38.3 and 1.8 times respectively than in 1999 (χ2 =304. 025 ,P ＜0. 001; χ2 =42. 845 ,P ＜0. 001 ) and other SH remained unchanged. ( 3 ) The prevalence of PA complicated with OSAS increased significantly in recent five years ( χ2 = 26.376, P ＜0. 001 ). Incidence of OSAS was 23.9% in PA patients and incidence of PA was 6. 7% in OSAS patients. Conclusions With the insights gained on hypertension mechanism and the development of new diagnostic technology, percent of diagnosed SH increased remarkably in recent years in hospitalized hypertensive patients in our department of hypertension. OSAS and PA are the leading causes of SH.

A non-reduced SDS-PAGE purity method for quantitation of conbercept fragments was established based on gel screening, comparison of gel imaging system, linearity range of main band, screening of destaining conditions. The results indicated that the bands could be separated effectively with good clearness and flatness on 4%-15% gradient concentration gel, the peaks of all bands could be separated from baseline using high-distinguishability gel imaging system, the signal intensity of a main band had shown a good linearity with ≤ 3 μg of loading amount, and that the destaining was set as a total of ≤ 3 h with exchanging 100 mL destaining buffer every 60 min. The established non-reduced SDS-PAGE method could demonstrate the purity of conbercept more objectively. After validation, the established non-reduced SDS-PAGE method was submitted to FDA in the form of supplementary materials, which laid a quality basis for the direct entry of conbercept to the clinical Ⅲ study in the United States.

To analyze the academic characteristics and medication rules of traditional Chinese medical master Liu Zu-yi for treating insomnia. Totally 178 cases of insomnia treated by Professor Liu were collected,and the treatment data were input into traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system( TCMISS) by using data mining methods,such as essential information,frequency statistics of symptoms,syndrome type statistics,extraction of syndrome elements,frequency statistics of drugs; and four properties and five tastes of drugs,distribution of meridians,regularity of prescriptions,new prescription analysis were mined. It was found that the most commonly used drugs( over 100 times) were Albiziae Cortex,Longgu,Polygoni Multiflori Caulis,Ostreae Concha,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Crataegi Fructus; the commonly used couplet medicines were Longgu-Ostreae Concha,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-Polygoni Multiflori Caulis,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen-Albiziae Cortex-Polygoni Multiflori Caulis; and seven new prescriptions in treating insomnia were explored,such as prescriptions containing Hordei Fructus Germinatus,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum,Rehmanniae Radix,Lilii Bulbus. Based on the introduction and discussion of Professor Liu's academic views and characteristics on insomnia treatment and the illustrative evidences added to the typical case list,this paper combines the academic characteristics,data support and typical medical records to verify each other,and objectively summarizes his academic experience for treating insomnia. Treatment shall focus on the primary cause of disease in three aspects; syndrome differentiation shall distinguish between excessive disease and deficient disease; therapy shall reinforce deficiency and reduce diarrhea,regulate the five internal organs,and emphasizes the heart and liver,particularly the liver; medication shall focus on the drugs for calming the mind and protecting the stomach and spleen,which are commonly combined with three types of traditional Chinese medicine with effect in introducing Yangqi( Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum,Prunellae Spica,Polygoni Multiflori Caulis) and restraining Yangqi( Longgu,Ostreae Concha,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen); nursing care focuses on preserving the body and tranquilizing the mind by means of three methods for tranquilizing the mind and three methods for preserving the body.
Data Mining ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Meridians ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; drug therapy

Objective: To evaluate the effects of antiretrovirals on cardiovascular function and some biochemical indexes in gestational female rats. Methods: Nineteen 9-week-old female and six 10-week-old male SD rats were divided into normal control group (CON) and highly active antiretroviral therapy group (HARRT), 9/10 female rats and 3 male rats were combined into one cage, totally 2 cages. Female rats in CON group were intragastrically given with normal saline (NS, 10 ml/kg) every morning and evening, while female rats in HARRT group were treated with equal volume antiretrovirals (AZT 31.25 mg/kg + 3TC 15.63 mg/kg + LPV/r (41.67/10.42) mg/kg) for 3 months. The body weight and survival rate of female rats were recorded. Echocardiography and multichannel physiological recorder were used to detect arterial blood pressure and cardiac hemodynamic parameters. The levels of blood glucose, blood lipids, myocardial enzymes and liver enzymes were detected by corresponding kits. Myocardial collagen fibers were observed by Masson staining and the ultrastructure of myocardial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: All female rats in CON group survived (9/9), while only 6 rats in HARRT group survived (6/10). Compared with CON group, the body weight of female rats in HAART group was decreased significantly(P＜0.01); the levels of left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDd), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), thickness of left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWT) , left atrial diameter (LAD) and arterial diastolic pressure were increased significantly (P＜0.05); the level of LVP+dP/dtmax was decreased (P＜0.01). The levels of triglyceride, creatine kinase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), while the level of glucose was increased (P＜0.05). The collagen fibers were increased in myocardial tissue, and ultrastructure of myocardial cells was abnormal. Conclusion: Antiretrovirals during gestation can cause cardiovascular diseases in female rats.
Animals ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects* ; Body Weight ; Cardiotoxicity ; Collagen ; Female ; Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure* ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley