Objective To study the influence of periacetabular muscle contraction on acetabular] fractures.Methods Twenty intact adult cadaveric pelvis(40 hip joints)treated antiseptically with bilat- eral 1/2 femoral shafts were selected and divided randomly into two groups(20 hip joints in each group). Then,the specimens were trimmed to fit the RMT-150B rock mechanics measuring system and the special in- creasing pressure system.After pressure of 3 500 N was pressed to the control group and pressure of 4500 N to the experimental group,acetabular fracture model was made by beatening with special striking machine,when striking force was recorded.Results We made forty aeetabular fracture models from 40 cadaveric hips. Pearson correlation coefficient of pressing force and striking force was -0.923(P＜0.01).The striking force of the control group and the experimental group was 445-550 N and 290-400 N,respectively(t= 14.727,P＜0.01).Conclusion The increase of contraction force of the periaeetabular muscles can decrease aeetabular stress and strain,influence the result of violent injury and play a vital role in inducing acetabular fractures.

Objective To investigate the morphological charcteristics of compressive fractures in different spinal segments．Methods 412 cases of patients with 448 wedge and burst thoracic and lumbar fractures were analysed for comparison of the incidence of wedge and burst fractures in different segments，and to calculate compression rate of anterior height of verterbral body to posterior height for burst fracture in every segment．Results The incidence of wedge fractures in the middle and lower thoracic spine was comparatively high while during the occurrence of burst fractures in the thoracic segments the ratio between the compression ratio of the anterior and posterior height is comparatively high．In the lumbar spine，especially in the lower lumbar，the incidence of burst fractures was higher than other segments．The compression ratio for burst fracture in the middle and lower thoracic spine was bigger while the compression rate for wedge fracture in the lumbar spine，especially in the lower lumbar in comparison with the thoracic segments，was smaller． Conclusion Besides the external violence force and the posture of the patient at the moment of injury，the type or morphologic characteristics of spine fracture is also related to the spinal segments where the fractures take place．

OBJECTIVETo establish immortalized cell line from the urothelium of the urinary bladder and identify the characteristics of the cell line.

METHODSHuman papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) plasmid was used to transfect urothelium of infant urinary bladder in vitro with the help of Fugene-6, and this plasmid contained E6 and E7 genes of HPV-16. We also identified the existence of HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes and the biological characteristics of the cell line by PCR, immunohistochemistry, and the biology identification.

RESULTSBLTR-4 cell line, produced from the transfection of HPV-16K plasmid, was a cell line from urothelium with the expression of HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes. It had been cultured more than 70 passages, and the characteristics of growth was similar to the immortalized cell line as reported.

CONCLUSIONSBLTR-4 cell line is an immortalized cell line from urothelium of the urinary bladder, which contains HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes. BLTR-4 cell line is a good experimental model to investigate the relationship of the infection of high risk HPV and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in vitro.

Cell Line, Transformed ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins ; Papillomavirus Infections ; virology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Virus Infections ; virology ; Urinary Bladder ; cytology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; virology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with double-bundle or single-bundle by meta-analysis.

METHODSRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) on differences of clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction were retrieved in Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM and VIP database. Relevant journals or conference proceedings were also searched manually. Then extracted the date of KT-1000 arthrometer, pivot-shift testing, Lysholm score and IKDC final score in these researches. RevMan 5.0.23 software was used for data analyses.

RESULTSEight prospective RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The combined results of meta-analysis indicated that there was statistical difference between two operative procedures on postoperative KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side [WMD = -0.35, 95%CI (-0.61, -0.08), P = 0.01], Lysholm score [WMD = -1.91, 95%CI (-3.45, -0.37), P = 0.01]. But the difference of KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side is demonstrated to be clinically insignificant. Others indicated that there was no statistical differences with respect to IKDC final score [OR = 1.80, 95%CI (0.98, 3.31), P = 0.06], having a normal or nearly normal pivot-shift testing [OR = 1.64, 95%CI (0.85, 3.16), P = 0.14].

CONCLUSIONSDouble-bundle reconstruction does not result in clinically significant advantage when compared with single-bundle. The results do not support the theory that double-bundle reconstruction controls knee rotation better.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo discuss the characteristics and operative selection of far lateral lumbar disc herniation (FLLDH).

METHODSTwenty-three cases of FLLDH, 14 were foraminal, and 9 were extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation. Of the 23 cases, low back pain was observed in 8 cases (31%), severe lower leg pain in 21 cases (91%) and Lasegue sign in 10 cases (43%). CT and MRI showed the protruded disc in and outside of the foramen clearly. Three surgical procedures were performed, including hemilaminotomy with medial facetectomy, facetectomy with pedicle screw fixation and fusion with posteolateral bone grafting, and the transmuscular approaches.

RESULTSTwenty-two cases were followed up for an average of 3.6 years. According to the Macnab criteria, 15 patients achieved excellent results, good 4, fair 3 and poor 0. Excellent and good rate was 86%.

CONCLUSIONSThe symptoms and signs of FLLDH mainly result from injury of upper nerve segments with the dominant symptom of severe lower leg pain. CT and MRI appearance are not only sensitive but also specific for the diagnosis of FLLDH. In foraminal lumbar disc herniation, the hemilaminotomy with medial facetectomy is recommended. While in extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation, either facetectomy with pedicle screw fixation and fusion with posterolateral bone grafting or transmuscular approaches for removal of nucleus pulposus can be chosen. Microendoscopic discectomy is a new, safe and efficient method for the disease, however, a skillful microendoscopic technique should be mastered prior.

Adult ; Aged ; Diskectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of Cotrel-Dubeusset (CD) instrumentation combined with translaminar facet joint screw (TLS) in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture.

METHODSA total of six L(2)-L(4) spines were used to establish unstable fracture model with three-dimensional range of motion (ROM) of the spines measured. Fixation with CD and fixation with CD combined with translaminar facet joint screw were achieved to compare their stability. Thirty cases of thoracolumbar fracture, in whom the anterior edge of vertebral body was compressed to 59% and the posterior edge compressed to 88%, were treated by pedicle screw fixation combined with TLS. Among them, 19 received posterolateral or anterior-posterior bone grafting.

RESULTSThere was significant difference in ROM between the two techniques except that in extension. In Group CD+TLS, ROM was 5.38% lower, lateral bending 4.91% lower and axial rotation 11.85% lower than those in Group CD respectively. In the clinical group, the average anterior edge restored to 97% and posterior edge to 98%. The duration of follow-up was 5-24 months (mean, 10 months). The rate of correction loss on the anterior edge was 4.5%. Among the 19 cases of bone grafting, all of them achieved bony fusion (mean fusion time, 4.3 month) with a correction loss rate of 3.4%.

CONCLUSIONSIn the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture, pedicle screw fixation combined with TLS can strengthen the stability of pedicle screws, especially anti-rotation stability and enhance fusion rate and reduce correction loss.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spinal Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the prognostic significance of micropapillary pattern (MPP) in adenocarcinoma of lung.

METHODSNinety-one consecutively excised cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, including follow-up data, were retrospectively studied. These tumors were divided into 2 major groups: those with MPP and those without MPP. The former was further subdivided according to extent of the micropapillary component, as follows: MPP + (constituting 1% to 10% of the tumor), MPP ++ (constituting 11% to 30% of the tumor) and MPP +++ (constituting more than 30% of the tumor).

RESULTSThe overall 5-year survival rate was 64.8%. The 5-year survival rates were 88.9% for stage I tumors, 46.2% for stage II tumors, and 23.8% for stage III tumor respectively (P = 0.000). The extent of micropapillary component showed no correlation with tumor stage, size and 5-year survival rate (P = 0.065, 0.358 and 0.206, respectively). On the other hand, the 5-year survival rate was 41.5% for patients in the MPP-positive group (number = 41) and 84.0% for patients in the MPP-negative group (number = 50). The percentage of nodal metastasis in MPP-positive group was also higher than that in MPP-negative group (P = 0.000). In pulmonary adenocarcinoma, this characteristic histology correlated with tumor stage and size, but not with patient's gender and smoking history. Within the same stage, the 5-year survival rates of MPP-positive and MPP-negative groups were as follows: for stage I, 78.6% versus 92.6% (P = 0.1548), for stage II, 30.0% versus 100% (P = 0.0598), and for stage III, 17.7% versus 28.6% (P = 0.4045).

CONCLUSIONSMPP in primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma, even when only constituting a minor component, predicts an aggressive clinical behavior and is associated with poor prognosis. Although it may not be an independent prognostic factor, presence of this histologic pattern should alert clinicians for more active treatment and closer follow up.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; surgery ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis