OBJECTIVETo study the antiproliferation effect on HepG2 cells and its underlying mechanism of the active chemical composition of the Viburnum Odoratissimum.

METHODS3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay and trypan blue dye exclusion assay were used to assess the effect of vibsane-type diterpenoids on the proliferation of various tumor cells. Alterations in cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flowcytometry. The enzymatic activity of caspase-3/7 was measured by Apo-ONE homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay kit.

RESULTSCompound 1 #, a vibsane-type diterpenoid, was found to significantly inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells by anticancer proliferation activity screening. It was demonstrated that the modified groups on side chain coupled to C11 site affected the cell growth-inhibition activity of compounds by structure-activity analysis. In addition, HepG2 cell line was most sensitive to compound 1 #, which induced growth arrest of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Study on the mechanisms underlying these effects indicated that compound 1 # induced significant G0/G1 phase arrest of HepG2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, It was found that higher concentrations of compound (5-10 micromol/L) caused evident increase in the unmber of apoptotic cells and dose-dependent activation of caspase-3/7.

CONCLUSIONVibsane-type diterpenoids could significantly inhibit the growth of HCC HepG2 cells. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis may play important roles in their anticancer effects.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Viburnum ; chemistry

Objective To compare the histologic grade between biopsy and postoperative specimen in bladder urothelial carcinoma,and approach the state and the reasons of underestimate the histologic grade preoperative.Methods We retrospectively 82 cases of urothelial carcinoma at the Third Affiliated Hospi- tal of the Sun Yat-Sen University.For all the cases in this study,the histologic grade,using the 1998 World Health Organization and International Society of Urological Pathologists(WHO/ISUP)classification,was i- dentical when the biopsy specimen and postoperative specimen were compared.Results In this study,35 cases,28 cases and 19 cases were G_1、G_2、G_3 by biopsy preoperative,respectively;while 22 cases,32 cases、28 cases were G_1、G_2、G_3 postoperative,respectively.There were 24 cases(29.3%)underestimate the histo- logic grade by biopsy preoperative in the 82 cases,while 4 cases(4.9%)overestimate preoperative.The state of underestimate the histologic grade is correlated with the location of biopsy,tissue dose and the conser- vation of pathology judgment.Conclusions There were 24 cases(29.3%)underestimate the histologic grade by biopsy preoperative.We should pay more attention to this state of underestimate the histologic grade preoperative in the treatment of bladder urothelial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with double-bundle or single-bundle by meta-analysis.

METHODSRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) on differences of clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction were retrieved in Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM and VIP database. Relevant journals or conference proceedings were also searched manually. Then extracted the date of KT-1000 arthrometer, pivot-shift testing, Lysholm score and IKDC final score in these researches. RevMan 5.0.23 software was used for data analyses.

RESULTSEight prospective RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The combined results of meta-analysis indicated that there was statistical difference between two operative procedures on postoperative KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side [WMD = -0.35, 95%CI (-0.61, -0.08), P = 0.01], Lysholm score [WMD = -1.91, 95%CI (-3.45, -0.37), P = 0.01]. But the difference of KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side is demonstrated to be clinically insignificant. Others indicated that there was no statistical differences with respect to IKDC final score [OR = 1.80, 95%CI (0.98, 3.31), P = 0.06], having a normal or nearly normal pivot-shift testing [OR = 1.64, 95%CI (0.85, 3.16), P = 0.14].

CONCLUSIONSDouble-bundle reconstruction does not result in clinically significant advantage when compared with single-bundle. The results do not support the theory that double-bundle reconstruction controls knee rotation better.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the factors affecting the management and treatment of immigrant workers with tuberculosis, to determine the most effective measures and to provide an academic basis for tuberculosis control and prevention strategies targeting the immigrant population.

METHODSA self-designed questionnaire was administered to 1364 immigrant workers with tuberculosis (study group) and 436 local residents (control group) with tuberculosis.

RESULTSWhether a patient's tuberculosis status was discovered or not was related to the medical facilities initially visited, job mobility, and the individual worker's economic condition. The percentage of cases discovered was relatively low among those who made their first visit to a private clinic (39.0%), and 58.4% (796) of immigrant workers delayed their first consultation mainly due to neglecting symptoms (55.9%, 445), subjective perception of symptoms being not severe enough (19.3%, 154) to visit a physician and the inconvenience of visiting a hospital because of its being far away from home (15.8%, 47). As comparing immigrant workers with local residents, the differences of the delay reason between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 21.49, P < 0.01). And 39.9% (544) of immigrant workers and 49.1% (214) of local residents had had late confirmation. The differences of the delay reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 7.31, P = 0.293). And 17.6% (240) patients of immigrant workers and 13.1% (57) patients of local residents did not keep to their drug regimens in a timely fashion. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 6.66, P > 0.05). And 77.5% (1057) of immigrant workers and 31.8% (138) of local residents were considered that taking medicine in supervision spot might have impact on their lives and work. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were significant (chi(2) = 9.71, P < 0.05). All 79.2% (1080) of immigrant workers and 63.3% (276) of local residents did not obtain medicine according to prescriptions. The differences of reasons between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 24.84, P < 0.01). And 51.2% (699) of immigrant workers and 46.1% (201) of the registered population did not follow up with doctors' directions for lab tests. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 3.26, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe influential factors in tuberculosis management and treatment were complex. Prevention strategies should focus on health education and promotion activities to improve awareness in seeking medical services. Also, developing and standardizing reference mechanisms for patients, and alleviating the economic burden of the workers will be critical to reduce the tuberculosis incidence.

China ; epidemiology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Transients and Migrants ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Urban Population

The aim of this study is to explore the tissue distribution of PEGylated puerarin in acute myocardial ischemia model rats. Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups (30 each). Both were given PEGylated puerarin at a dose of 488 mg x kg(-1). After 5 min of medication, one group was normal rats, another group with acute myocardial ischemia was established by peritoneal injection of 50 mg x kg(-1) isoprenaline. After administration, the animals were executed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min, then heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney were extracted. The content of puerarin in organ tissue was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the AUC of tissue distribution of PEGylated puerarin in normal rats was liver > kidney > heart ≈ spleen > lung > brain. While the AUC of tissue distribution of PEGylated puerarin in acute myocardial ischemia model rats was liver ≈ heart > kidney > lung ≈ spleen > brain. AUC(heart) of PEGylated puerarin in acute myocardial ischemia model rats was 1.7 times than that of the normal rats, and there was significant difference (P < 0.05). Thus, PEGylated puerarin had a good heart-targeting property in early myocardial infarction area, drugs could accumulate in the ischemic myocardium. It provided important information for further study and clinic use of PEGylated puerarin.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacokinetics ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; metabolism ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicrin and oleanolic acid in different parts of Swertia pseudochinesis.

METHODA Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used with acetonitrile-water (10:90) and methnol-water(86:14) at detection wavelengths of 238 nm, 246 nm, 274 nm and 207 nm for swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicrin and oleanolic acid respectively. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature was 25 degrees C.

RESULTAll of the compounds were based--isolated. The linear ranges of swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicrin and oleanolic acid were 0.068 9-0.344 4(r = 0.999 2) , 0.001 1-0.014 0 (r2 = 0. 999 8), 0.001 1-0.013 4 (r2 = 0.999 9) and 0.001 1-0.008 8 mg x mL(-1) (r2 = 0. 999 6), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate, which can be used for quality control of S. pseudochinesis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; analysis ; Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyrones ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Swertia ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Objective To explore the importance and methods of retaining articularis during pri- mary total hip arthroplasty(THA)and reconstruct soft tissue balance of hip joint after THA.Methods From February 2003 to August 2005,41 eases(43 hips)including 19 males and 22 females at age of 46- 80 years(mean 66.5 years)were treated with THA with retained capsule(Group R)and other 42 cases (44 hips)including 20 males and 22 females at age of 43-80 years(mean 64.3 years)with standard THA (Group S).Preoperative diagnosis found femoral neck fractures(GardenⅢⅣ)in 13 cases(13 hips)in Group R and 14(14 hips)in Group S;acetabular dysplasia(CroweⅢ)in 9(9 hips)in Group R and 8 (hips)in Group S;Osteoarthritis in 6(8 hips)in Group R and 7(8 hips)in Group S;and femoral head osteonecrosis(FicatⅢⅣ)in 13(13 hips)in Group R and 13(14 hips)in Group S.There were 13 hips of cement prostheses in Group R and 11 in Group S,8 cementless prostheses in Group R and 8 in Group S, 22 cement and cementless prostheses in Group R and 23 in Group S.Gibson's approach was used in both groups.Group R used the method of retaining capsule and little supination muscles during the operation to reconstruct responsibly soft tissue balancing of postoperation for THA.For comparison,Group S used the method of standard which resected a lots of capsule and didn't reconstruct it.The comparative items between Group R and Group S included incisional length,operative time,operative bleeding,drainage transfusion, infection,dislocation,postoperation standing,postoperation walking and Harris's score.Results All cases in Group R and Group S were followed for 6-22 months(mean 16.5 months in Group R and 16.7 months in Group S).There was significantly statistical difference upon interoperative and postoperative data between Group R and Group S.The result of Group R was significantly better than that of GS.Conclu- sion Retaining articularis during primary THA can minimize operative trauma,reconstruct soft tissue bal- ance and augment hip stability to get postoperative functional recovery.

AIMTo examine the impact and prognostic significance of alpha-tocopherol associated protein (TAP) expression in a series of prostate cancer patients.

METHODSTissues from 87 patients underwent radical prostatectomy were examined for TAP expression by immunohistochemistry. The relationships of the staining results, the clinic pathological characteristics and the recurrence times were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the adjacent areas of normal and benign glands, immunoreactivity of TAP was reduced in areas of prostate cancer. A lower TAP-positive cell number per mm(2) of the largest cancer area (defined as TAP-PN) was associated with higher clinical stage (r = -0.248, P = 0.0322). Inverse associations were found among the TAP-PN and positive lymph nodes (r = -0.231, P = 0.0325), preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (r = -0.423, P = 0.0043), tumor size (r= -0.315, P= 0.0210) and elevated tumor cell proliferation, which was indicated by the staining of Ki-67 (r = -0.308, P = 0.0026). TAP-PN was a significant predictor of recurrence univariately (P = 0.0006), as well as multivariately, adjusted for known markers including preoperative PSA, clinical stage, Gleason score, surgical margin, extra-prostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0012).

CONCLUSIONReduced expression of TAP was associated with the cell proliferation status of prostate cancer, adverse pathological parameters and the increased risk of recurrence.

Aged ; Carrier Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Lipoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; etiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Trans-Activators ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of QuDu ZengNing Capsule on AIDS.

METHODSQuDu ZengNing Capsule is a capsule containing extract from 4 Chinese medicinal herbs. Totally 1,000 AIDS patients were treated, among them 60 patients were clinically observed weekly. Blood routine tests, liver, heart and kidney function, X-ray, CD4, CD8 cells were examined before and after treatment at 1, 3, 6 month. The patients were treated with 4 capsules t.i.d for 6 months.

RESULTSThe symptoms were improved in most of the patients, the CD4 cells increased from 115.0 to 295.2/ul and the viral load (RNA copies/ml) in most patients reduced markedly or maintained at the same level.

CONCLUSIONThese data indicated that QuDu ZengNing Capsule was effective for treatment of AIDS patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas matophilia (SMA) and the mechanisms of their drug resistance.

METHODSDisc diffusion method (NCCLS) was used to detect the resistant patterns of 88 initial SMA isolates resistant to 12 antibiotics isolated from a local hospital in the past 4 years. PCR was used to detect the 7 aminoglycosides modifying enzymes genes (AME) against amikacin and gentamicin. Metal-beta-lactamases (MBLs) were screened by synergic method, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected by double-disk synergy test.

RESULTSThe resistance rates of the SMA isolates were 0%-9.7% to minocycline, 12.5%-22.6% to ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, 12.5%-28.6% to levofloxacin, 18.8%-33.3% to doxycycline, 18.8%-40% to sulfamethoxazole compound, 50%-65.7% to ciprofloxacin, 50%-66.7% to cehazindme, 54.8%-66.7% to amikacin, 75%-100% to gentamicin, 81.3%-100% to piperacillin, 87.5%-100% to aztreonam and 93.5%-100% to imipenem. Aac(3)-I and ant(4')-II were not detected in these strains. The positive rates of the other 5 AME genes of aac(3)-II, ant(2'')-I, aac(6')-I, aac(3)-III, aac(3)-IV were 2.3%, 5.7%, 8%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. SMA strains producing ESBLs were found at the rate of 38.6%; 25% of the strains were MBL-producing, and 13.6% produced both ESBLs and MBLs.

CONCLUSIONMost of the SMAs we isolated are multidrug-resistant through various mechanisms. The choice of antibiotics should be made according to the susceptibility results.

Amikacin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Gentamicins ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Imipenem ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; drug effects ; isolation & purification