Objective To study the safety, efficiency and efficacy economics of local application of domestic fluconazole in treatment of chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with oral candidiasis. Methods Selected 74 patients with chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with oral candidiasis from May, 2013 to Oct. 2015 in our hospital were divided into the observation group in 35 cases and the control group in 39 cases according to table of random number. The observation group was given local application of domestic fluconazole, and the control group was given systemic application of imported fluconazole. The clinical effects and side effects of both groups were observed and compared. Results The total effect rate in observation group (100%) was higher than that in the control group (97.4%) without significant difference (P > 0.05). The cute rate in observation group (94.3%) was higher than that in control group (87.2.4%) without significant difference (P > 0.05). The average course of treatment was shorter in the observation group (2.9 d) than that in control group(5.2 d), with significant difference (P < 0.01). The observation group had no adverse reaction and the control group had 5.1% (P > 0.05). The cost of antifungal drugs in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, (t = -23.398, P = 0.000). The cost-effectiveness ratio in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion Local application of domestic fluconazole has similar effect and side effect to systemic application of imported fluconazole in treatment of COPD complicated with oral candidiasis,but has short course of treatment and low cost .

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of early electric bronchoscope on patients with nonresponding pneumonia. Method Seventy non responding pneumonia patients were selected from our hospital , who received treatments from January 2015 to April 2016.According to the random table ,patients were randomly divided into the observation group(34 cases)and the control group(36 cases). According to the experience and sputum culture results,patients in the control group were given the conventional therapy,and patients in the observation group were given bronchoscope and transbronchil lung biopsy(TBLB). The effect of bronchoscopy,the treatment curative effect,duration of fever,the period of the elevated CRP dropped to baseline,the length of hospital stay and medical costs were compared between the two groups. Results The diagnostic rate of bronchoscopy and the positive rate of airway suction bacterial culture in the observation group were similar with those in the control group,with no significant differences. The positive rate of airway suction bacterial culture was significantly higher than that of sputum culture in the observation group. The positive rate of airway suction bacterial culture was higher than that of sputum culture in the control group ,but with no significant difference.The total effective rate in the observation group(87.1%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(58.8%). The duration of fever and the time of the elevated CRP dropped to baseline in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group. The hospital stay and hospital costs in the observation group were also significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion Early bronchoscopy can obtain diagnosis evidence of etiology and histology and improve the diagnostic rate,meanwhile,it also has a therapeutic effect.It can improve the clinical treatment effect and shorten the healing time and the cost of hospitalization. In addition , early electronic bronchoscopy has fewer adverse reactions and it may play an important role in diagnosis and treatment on nonresponding pneumonia patients.

Objective To study the effect of dialysis adcquacy,microinflammation and residual renal function on nutritional status of hemodialysis patients.Methods One hundred and fourteen patients were enrolled in this study.Kt/V,?_2-MG and serum iPTH were measured as markers of hemodialysis adequacy.Nutritional evaluation included MQSGA,Alb,Hb,TF,IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and anthropometrics such as HGS,BSF,TSF,MAC,MAMC and AMA.Serum IL-6,TNF-?and CRP were detected to assess microinflammation.Urinary volume of 24 hours was measured to investigate the residual renal function (RRF).Results (1)There were different correlations and regressive associations of Kt/V,iPTH and?_2-MG with HGS,MAMC,AMA,Alb,Hb,nPCR,IGF-1 and MQSGA respectively.(2) There were significant correlations and regressive associations of RRF to HGS,TSF,MAMC,Alb,nPCR and IGF-1 within the first year of hemodialysis.(3) There were different correlations and regression relationships of IL-6,TNF-?and CRP with HGS、MAMC、AMA、Alb、TSF、Hb、nPCR、IGF-1 respectively.(4) Multivariate analysis showed that Kt/V,iPTH,IL-6, TNF-?,?_2-MG and RRF were influencing factors,among them,Kt/V,iPTH,IL-6 and TNF-?were independent predictors of nutritional status.Conclusions Hemodialysis adequacy and micruinflammation may impact on nutritional status.Residual renal function may be involved in nutritional status in the first year of hemodialysis.Kt/V,iPTH,IL-6 and TNF-?are independent factors affecting nutritional status.

We have constructed an immunotoxin(Ng76-TCS),which was composed of a monoclonalantibody directed against human melanoma and trichosanthin(TCS)——a single chain ribosomeinactivating protein.The cultured human melanoma cells(M21)were inhibited effectively byNg 76-TCS.The cytotoxicity of Ng76-TCS to M21 cells was 2,000-fold higher than that of free TCS and Ng76 mixture.A conjugate,which was prepared with normal mice immunoglobulinand TCS(NIgG-TCS),was 160-fold less cytotoxic to M21 cells.Meanwhile Ng76-TCS was125-fold less cytotoxic to nontarget cells Hela.These results showed that the immunotoxinNg76-TCS was a potent and specific anti-human melanoma agent.

Objective To investigated the serum level of carcinoma antigen 125 (CA-125) and its clinical significance in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome.Methods We reviewed medical records and laboratory tests of patients with BCS first diagnosed in our hospital between August 2011 and April 2013.235 patients were included as experiment group,while 120 healthy adult volunteers were randomly selected as control group.The serum level of CA-125 were detected by electrochemilumescence immunization assay in this single-center retrospective control study.Results The average serum level of CA-125 in experiment group is higher than that of control group [(147.9 ±246.6) kU/L vs (16.0 ±7.2) kU/L,P ＜0.001].In experiment group,the relative coefficient for serum CA-125 with ascites,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,albumin and Rotterdam BCS scores was 0.79,0.45,0.29,-0.393 and 0.71,respec tively,P ＜0.001.As of October 2013,we found that the 68 BCS patients with serum CA-125 level 5-fold higher than the upper limit of normal (＞ 175 kU/L) presented much lower survival rates and asymptomatic survival rates than the rest 167 BCS patients after intervention therapy:(95.6％ and 79.8％) vs (98.8％ and 92.0％),P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions The serum level of CA-125 in BCS patients have positive correlation with ascites volume,liver injury degree and Rotterdam BCS scores.Serum CA-125 evaluation appears to be a valuable examination option in BCS as CA-125 levels negatively correlate with worse prognosis,thus could be applied as an efficient tool for prognostication.

Objective To study the clinical features and prognosis of patients with primary BuddChiari syndrome (BCS) caused by hepatic vein thrombosis.Method 16 patients with primary BCS caused by hepatic vein thrombosis treated in our hospital between June 2010 to December 2012 were used as the study group while 132 patients with primary BCS caused by other causes were used as the control group.A retrospective study was then employed to analyze the clinical data of the two groups of patients during hospitalization and on follow-up.The study was censored in June 2013.The median follow-up was 24 months (range,6 months to 36 months).The difference in quantitative data between the 2 groups were analyzed using the independent-samples t test and the Wilcoxon W rank sum test,and the difference in qualitative data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Fisher's exact test.The survival rates and recurrence rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Result The study group was significantly lower than the control group in age,duration of symptoms,albumin level,diameter of spleen and survival rate,but it was significantly higher in the proportion of patients with ascites,average hospitalization time,alanine transaminase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,carbohydrate antigen-125 and recurrence rate after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.The differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05).The Rotterdam BCS prognosis grades of the study group were:9 patients grade Ⅱ and 7 patients grade Ⅲ.In the control group,there were 65 patients with grade Ⅰ,51 patients with grade Ⅱ,and 16 patients with grade Ⅲ.The prognosis grade of the study group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion When compared to the patients with BCS due to other causes,patients with BCS caused by hepatic vein thrombosis were more common in the young,most of them were diagnosed in the acute period,they had worse clinical outcomes and had more severe clinical symptoms and liver damage.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the nucleic acid detection results of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and compare with the detection results of real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), so as to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of detection, and to provide data support for optimizing the nucleic acid detection scheme of SARS-CoV-2. Methods　According to the SARS-CoV-2 specific primer probe published by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a ddPCR detection method for SARS-CoV-2 was designed. One sample was selected for sensitivity test after gradient dilution; six respiratory virus nucleic acid positive samples including seasonal H3N2 influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were selected for specificity test; five SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were selected for repeatability test; in addition, 30 positive and 20 negative SARS-CoV-2 samples were selected for multiple clinical samples testing, and the results were analyzed and compared with those of qRT-PCR. Results　The ddPCR method can specifically detect SARS-CoV-2, and directly obtain the original copy number of the sample target gene to achieve accurate quantification; the sensitivity test of gradient dilution positive samples showed that qRT-PCR detected target genes in part of the 10-5 dilution of samples, and no target genes were detected in 10-6 dilution, while ddPCR detected all target genes in both 10-5 and 10-6 dilution of samples. The detection limit of ddPCR was two orders of magnitude higher than that of qRT-PCR, and the sensitivity was higher than that of qRT-PCR; in the comparison of the repeatability test results of the two methods, the coefficient of variation of ddPCR was 1.266%-11.814%, lower than 1.729%-26.174% of qRT PCR, and the repeatability was higher than qRT-PCR; among 50 clinical samples, 30 positive samples of confirmed cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were detected by both methods, SARS-CoV-2 was successfully detected by both methods, and 20 negative samples of COVID-19 were detected by both methods, and the results were negative, with a coincidence rate of 100.00% (50/50). Conclusion　The ddPCR method can accurately quantify SARS-CoV-2 with strong specificity, and its sensitivity and repeatability are higher than those of qRT-PCR, but it also has certain detection limitations and is more suitable for the detection of low load samples. In the actual detection, the two methods can be reasonably combined to improve the detection accuracy.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Tripterygium polyglucoside (TⅡ) in treating asthma patients. Methods: Thirty asthma patients of middle or sever leoel were selected and randomly divided into three groups, Group A treated with TⅡ, Group B treated with prednisone and Group C, the control group. Their peripheral CD４＋, CD8＋ T-lymphocytes were counted by flow cytometer and serum interleukin-5 (IL-5) level determined by ELISA before and after 4 weeks′ treatment. Results: In Group A, after treatment, CD４＋ T-lgmphocytes reduced from 0.462±0.035 to 0.426±0.039 (P＜0.01), CD8＋ increased from 0.201±0.045 to 0.253±0.043 (P＜0.01), and serum IL-5 median concentration reduced from 65.3 ng/L to 10.9 ng/L (P＜0.01). Similar results was revealed in Group B, while there was insignificant change of the parameters in Group C. The serum concentration of IL-5 was positively correlated with the peripheral CD４＋ count (r＝0.61, P＜0.01). Conclusion: TⅡ is highly effective in treating asthma through regulating T-lymphocyte subset disorder and inhibiting production of IL-5.

The shape and structure of granules are controlled by the granulation process, which is one of the main factors to determine the nature of the solid dosage forms. In this article, three kinds of granules of a traditional Chinese medicine for improving appetite and promoting digestion, namely, Jianwei Granules, were prepared using granulation technologies as pendular granulation, high speed stirring granulation, and fluidized bed granulation and the powder properties of them were investigated. Meanwhile, synchrotron radiation X-ray computed micro tomography (SR-µCT) was applied to quantitatively determine the irregular internal structures of the granules. The three-dimensional (3D) structure models were obtained by 3D reconstruction, which were more accurately to characterize the three-dimensional structures of the particles through the quantitative data. The models were also used to quantitatively compare the structural differences of granules prepared by different granulation processes with the same formula, so as to characterize how the production process plays a role in the pharmaceutical behaviors of the granules. To focus on the irregularity of the particle structure, the box counting method was used to calculate the fractal dimensions of the granules. The results showed that the fractal dimension is more sensitive to reflect the minor differences in the structure features than the conventional parameters, and capable to specifically distinct granules in structure. It is proved that the fractal dimension could quantitatively characterize the structural information of irregular granules. It is the first time suggested by our research that the fractal dimension difference (Df,c) between two fractal dimension parameters, namely, the volume matrix fractal dimension and the surface matrix fractal dimension, is a new index to characterize granules with irregular structures and evaluate the effects of production processes on the structures of granules as a new indicator for the granulating process control and optimization.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fractals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Powders ; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synchrotrons ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Comparison studies of recombinant prourokinase(pro-UK) in various host cells,and expression vectors were carried out. Expression levels of vectors constructed in this study in different cell lines were compared. Mammalian cells expressing pro-UK were established. The levels of pro-UK expression in recombinant Namalwa, Vero and Sp2/0 cells are 200,12.5 and 50 IU/( 106 cells 24h). pro-UK purities separated by immunoaffinity chromatograph are above 90 %. Immunoabsorbent assay showed the ratio of pro-UK in CHO cells is lower than that from Vero and Namalwa cells. This study provide new host cells for pro-UK production.