Objective To study the relationship between rotational deformity and operational correction rate in scoliosis. MethodsFrom January 2005 to December 2006,44 cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with operational correction were reviewed.Before operation,all the patients were performed MRI scan of the whole spine and the rotation angle of superior and inferior endplate of nine vertebraes with the center of apical vertebrae were measured so that the mechanical torsion angle of vertebrae and disc were calculated,and the rotation compliance of the spine was obtained.In addition,preoperative plain,lateral and bending film of thoracic-lumbar vertebrae were taken to measure the Cobb angle,and the items above were compared with those of post-operation to calculate the scoliosis flexibility and correction rate.Correlation analysis was conducted between the rotation compliance,flexibility and operational correction rate in scoliosis.Results There were significant differences in the mean coronal and sagittal Cobb angle before and after the operation(P

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of cervical anatomy and pedicle screw, operational specification, and individual screw implantation are the key factors of a successful implantation treatment.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the cervical pedicle screw and host response as well as the recovery of spinal nerve functions during the surgery and follow-up period of cervical spine fracture-dislocation.DESIGN: A case analysis.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Lianning Province, China.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 41 patients with cervical spine fracture-dislocation, who have complete follow-up data, were admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between February 2002 and February 2006. Of the included patients, 18 were complicated by spinal cord injury (according to Frankel classification system, 6 were graded as A, 1 as B, 4 as C, and 7 as D.METHODS: Forty-one patients with cervical spine fracture-dislocation were treated by implanting a screw through the cervical pedicle and fixing it. Prior to surgery, all patients were subjected to X-ray, CT and MRI examinations. According to measurements, each cervical pedicle screw was individually implanted. The entire surgery was accomplished by Xiang Liang-bi, chief physician, whose qualification corresponds to the responsibilities.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Material and host response during and after screw implantation as well as in the follow-up period. Recovery of spinal nerve function after screw implantation.RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 6-12 months and all incisions were healed primarily. Material and host response during the process of screw implantation: A total of 218 screws were implanted. After initial implantation, 12 screws were loosened, and such a phenomenon disappeared in 11 screws by adjusting inserting point and inserting direction or/and increasing screw diameter or length. The remaining 1 screw was stabilized by increasing the fixed segments. After drilling, poles of 10 screws bled much and treated by hemostasis. C1-2 venous plexus hemorrhage was caused in 3 patients and stopped by compression, and Apofix internal fixation was used in 1 of 3 patients due to unclear surgical visual field. Material and host response after surgery and during the follow-up: A total of 218 screws were inserted. Of the 218 screws, 196 were in correct position, and 22 were deviated to different degrees. Deviation of 1 screw caused injury to nerve root and that of another screw led to injury to blood vessel. Thirty-eight patients acquired satisfactory reduction and bone union. Three patients presented with symptoms of nerve root irritation due to incomplete reduction in the old fracture-dislocation. Among the 3 patients, 1 was subjected to anterior approach due to screw removed, and neither injury to vertebral artery, spinal cord, and nerve root nor internal fixation destroy was found in any other patients. Recovery of spinal nerve function after implantation: Among the 18 patients complicated with spinal cord injury, 6 patients, who were assessed as grade A spinal cord injury, did not exhibit improvement in spinal cord function, while the remaining 12 presented with 1 or 2 grades of improvement.CONCLUSION: There is a lower probability for biocompatibility reaction, and spinal nerve function recovers better after implantation of cervical pedicle screw. So implantation of a cervical pedicle screw system is an effective and relatively safe method for treatment of cervical spine fracture-dislocation.

Objective To evaluate the expression of Toll-like receptor(TLR)on the monocyte- derived dendritic cells(DC)from chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients and to analyze the expression pro- file and significance of the TLR such as TLR3,TLR4,TLR?,TLR8 and TLRg,which are associat- ed with immune response to viral infection.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) centrifugated by the hydroxyethyl starch(HES)centrifugation were cultured and induced into DC by granulocyte-maerophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)and interleukin-4(IL-4),and their mor- phology and phenotype were detected by the inverted microscope and flow cytometry respectively. Monocyte-derived DC were obtained from 10 chronically hepatitis B virus(HBV)-infected patients and 15 healthy volunteers.TLR3,TLR4,TLR7,TLRS,TLR9 expression on immature and mature DC were analyzed by FACS Calibur.DC was pulsed with HBcAg on day 3 and 5,then DC maturation and ability to process HBcAg and to stimulate autogeneic T cells were evaluated.Results Monocyte- derived DC developed different TLR expression patterns as they went through different maturation stages.TLR7,TLR8 expressions on immature DC and TLR3,TLR7 expressions on mature DC were lower in CHB than in control(for TLR7,TLR8 expression on immature DC:75.9%,1.0%vs 98.4%,15.4%,P

Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical usage of percutanious retrograde acetabular anterior horn screw fixation.

METHODSFrom June 2006 to November 2011,27 patients with anterior horn accetabular fractures were treated with percutaneous retrograde screw. There were 20 males and 7 females with an average age of 35 years (ranged,20 to 61). According to Tile classification,type A was in 5 cases,type B was in 18 cases and type C was in 4 cases. The intra-operative blood loss volume, fractured reduction and screw location were observed.

RESULTSPostoperative X-ray and CT scan showed good reduction. According to the standard of Matta, 10 cases got excellent results, 15 good and 2 poor. All fractures healed and no complications such as neurovascular injuries and femoral head necrosis were found.

CONCLUSIONPercutanious retrograde acetabular anterior horn screw technique have advantages of little trauma, less blood loss volume, reliable fixation, which can be effectively used in clinic.

Acetabulum ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography

BACKGROUND: With the development of chemical synthesis technology, the application of chitosan-based hydrogels as wound dressing has become a hotspot in current research. OBJECTIVE: To generally introduce the chitosan-based hydrogels and to review and summarize the application of chitosan-based hydrogels carrying antimicrobial agents in wound healing.METHODS: A computer retrieval of PubMed, Web of Science, Springerlink and Medline databases was performed with "chitosan hydrogel, wound healing, dressing, antimicrobial agents" as key words for relevant articles published from 2007 to 2016. Initially, 168 articles were retrieved, and finally 76 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Because of their inherent anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, chitosan-based hydrogels possess the ability of absorbing exudates and forming thin film between the wound and the external environment, to exert their advantages for chronic, non-healing wounds caused by infection. Furthermore, chitosan-based hydrogels carrying antibacterial agents can inhibit the growth of microorganisms in the wound, accelerating the progress of wound healing. Moreover, the antimicrobial agents, including organic antibacterial agents and inorganic antibacterial agents (especially nano-silver), show unique advantages in wound healing and microbial resistance in combination with chitosan-based hydrogels.

BACKGROUND:Stem cells combined with a three-dimensional scaffold have great potential for the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects. OBJECTIVE:To introduce the application of stem cells combined with the three-dimensional scaffold in repairing osteoporotic bone defects. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed, Web of Science, Springerlink, Medline, WanFang and CNKI databases was performed for relevant articles published from 2007 to 2017 with "stem cells, scaffold, osteoporosis, bone defects" as key words in English and Chinese, repsectively. Initially, 142 articles were retrieved, and finally 45 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Due to the potential of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, stem cells can be used to repair or regenerate damaged tissues, which are considered as an ideal cell source for the treatment of diseases in orthopedics. The suitable scaffold can provide a favorable microenvironment for repairing the attachment and growth of the cells related to the bone defect, which can promote the healing without additional side effects. Furthermore, stem cells combined with three-dimensional scaffolds provide a promising clinical application for the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects by regulation of bone metabolism. In addition, gene-modified stem cells with three-dimensional scaffolds bring a huge potential in the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects. In conclusion, the combination of stem cells and three-dimensional scaffolds provides a new approach for the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects, which may be one of the future therapeutic strategies.

BACKGROUND: With the development of chemical synthesis technology, the application of anti-osteoporosis drugs incorporated into scaffolds to promote bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defects has become a hot issue nowadays. OBJECTIVE: To introduce bone tissue engineering scaffolds, and to discuss and summarize the application of the scaffolds carrying anti-osteoporosis drugs for osteogenesis in osteoporotic bone defects. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Springerlink, Medline, WanFang and CNKI databases were retrieved with "osteoporosis, bone defect, scaffold" as key words for relevant articles published from 2005 to 2017. Initially, 201 articles were retrieved, and finally 64 articles were selected for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of biochemical synthesis technology, various types of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds have been used for the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects. For example, the modified calcium phosphate cement, β-tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite all can promote bone regeneration. However, the ability of conventional scaffolds to promote bone regeneration is severely damaged under the state of osteoporosis. In this case, an anti-osteoporosis therapy becomes necessary. Considering severe adverse effects of systemic anti-osteoporosis drugs and limited local bone regeneration, the combination of scaffold implantation and local drug delivery can promote osteoporotic bone defect healing. Importantly, to incorporate bone regeneration inducers into scaffolds and steadily release with their biological activity is the key to success. Bisphosphonate, strontium, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and parathyroid hormone, traditional Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells are the drugs commonly combined with tissue-engineered bone scaffolds. With the development of biotechnology, genetically modified stem cell-scaffold composites have gradually appealed to researchers.

This report aims to investigate the dynamical changes of HBcAg18-27 epitope specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV DNA and HBsAg in peripheral blood of acute hepatitis B patients, and to explore the roles of HBcAg18-27-specific CTLs in virus clearance and liver injury. Acute hepatitis B (AHB) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were divided into two groups according to results of HLA-A0201. Patients with positive HLA-A0201 were classified into HBcAg-specific CTL group and those with negative HLA-A0201 were referred as control group. The specific CTLs were stained with HLA-A0201 limited HBcAg18-27 epitope MHC-Pentamer and the frequencies of CTLs, T, B, NK and NKT cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The serum ALT, HBV DNA and HBsAg were examined using speed analysis, quantitative PCR and abbott chemiluminescent technology. The frequencies of HBcAg18-27-specific CTLs in AHB patients were higher in the early three weeks as compared to the late three weeks. The apex time of HBV-specific CTL frequencies lagged behind those of HBV DNA, HBsAg and ALT. The loss of HBsAg in patients with high frequencies of HBV-specific CTL was earlier than that in patients with low frequencies (t = 2.018, P value is less than 0.05). In the second week the peak frequencies of CD3+CD8+ cells overlapped with that of HBcAg18-27-specific CTLs and with a positive correlation between (r = 0.420, P value is less than 0.05). During the early stages of AHB, the frequencies of NK and NKT cells were found significantly lower than that of control group and CHB group and the levels were back to normal after recovery. Moreover, a negative correlation existed between the frequencies of NK cells and the dynamic changes of HBcAg18-27-specific CTLs (r = -0.435, P value is less than 0.01) in AHB group. The frequencies of HBcAg18-27-specific CTLs were significantly higher as compared to CHB group in the first three weeks (z = -3.258, -4.04, and -3.259, P value is less than 0.01). The early loss of HBsAg was closely related to the high frequencies of HBcAg18-27 specific CTLs in AHB patients. HBcAg-specific CTL frequencies in peripheral blood could be used to predict clinical outcome after HBV infection. The frequencies of CD8+ T cells can reflect the changes of frequencies of HBcAg-specific CTL during acute HBV infection.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; HLA-A2 Antigen ; immunology ; Hepatitis B ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; cytology ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo examine the effect of body fat mass and fat distribution on pulmonary ventilatory function among the adult females.

METHODSBased on the multistage cluster sampling principal, we selected 935 healthy adult females with ages of 19-81 years old in Heilongjiang province to conduct the study. Every 10-years old as a age group. Firstly obtain the basic situation through the questionnaire survey, and then measure the height, body weight, waistline, hip circumference, body composition and lung function. FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25%, FEF 50%, FEF 75% and MMEF were determined. This study also examined the relationships between percentage body fat (PBF), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25%, FEF 50%, FEF 75%, MMEF.

RESULTSPBF of subjects with ages of 19 - 29 years old and over 60 years old were (16.89 ± 5.34)% and (24.39 ± 6.83)%, WHR were 0.77 ± 0.05 and 0.88 ± 0.06, respectively. PBF and WHR tended to increase with age (F = 50.11, P value < 0.01). PBF obesity rates of subjects with ages of 19 - 29 years old and over 60 years old were 3.23% (7/217) and 43.75% (28/64), WHR obesity rates were 19.35% (42/217) and 85.94% (55/64) respectively. PBF obesity rate and WHR obesity rate tended to increase with age (χ(2) = 161.66, P value < 0.01; χ(2) = 159.61, P value < 0.01). PBF obesity groups compared with the normal groups, the former pulmonary ventilation function reduced significantly, of which FEF 50%, FEF 75% and MMEF decreased 2.61%, 19.44%, 10.28%, respectively. WHR obesity groups compared with the normal groups, the former pulmonary ventilation function reduced significantly, of which FEF 50%, FEF 75% and MMEF decreased 7.61%, 23.15%, 12.04%. After adjustment of age, height and body mass index (BMI), PBF was negatively correlated with FVC, FEV1, PEF and FEF25% (r values were -0.14, -0.14, -0.07, -0.07, respectively, all P value s < 0.05); WHR was negatively correlated with FEV1 (r value was -0.07, P value < 0.05) after adjustment of age, height and BMI.

CONCLUSIONPBF augmentation and abdominal obesity among adult females may be the risk factors of pulmonary function impairment.

Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Fat Distribution ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; physiology ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Waist-Hip Ratio ; Young Adult