Objective To develop a pretreatment method with the microwave digestion for the determination of soil total chromium. Methods The nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid were added into the samples, the microwave digestion under the certain condition was conducted and then the sulfuric acid was added on the controllable electric stove. Flame atom absorption spectrophotometry or diphenylcarbohydrazide spectrophotometry was used to determine soil total chromium according to the condition. Results RSDs were from 1.20% to 11.08%. The Environmental Soil Standard test demonstrated that the results were in the guarantee value, as for ESS-1, RSD=2.57%, as for ESS-3, RSD=2.20%. Conclusion The microwave digestion is considered as a good pretreatment method for the determination of soil total chromium with the advantages of safe, rapid and accurate.

IL-17,as a pro-inflammatory cytokine,is one of the early initiation factors of the inflammato-ry response induced by T cells.It can induce and regulate multiple immune responses.Recent studies have re-vealed that myeloid neutrophils,macrophage,mast cell and other innate immune cells all can secrete large a-mount of early responding IL-17 in organs suffering ischemia/hypoxia,and in turn can activate,amplify and re-cruit neutrophils to the reperfusion-damaged tissue to release large amount of free radicals and lysozyme that cause IRI.Researchers have also provided evidence that appropriate administration of anti-IL-17 mono-antibody to neutralize IL-17 during early reperfusion stage would reduce the tissue damage.The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of the effects of IL-17 produced by innate immunocyte on organ reperfusion injury.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a genetic effect DNA molecule of double closed loop, and is crucial for cells and their functions. Mitochondria take an active part in physiological activities of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The oxidative stress is usually occurred in RPE for its active metabolism, which can lead to mitochondria and mtDNA dam?age. Once mitochondria and mtDNA lesions have not been repaired timely, the lesions can be accumulated, which can cause dysfunctions and damaged-structures of RPE and mitochondria, and can motivate the progression of cell apoptosis. In the end it can result in some ocular related diseases such as aged-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study reviewed the functional relationship between mtDNA and RPE, and repair and detection methods of mtDNA damage.

Fabry disease is an inherited metabolic disease, resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme a-galactosidase A activity. Principal clinical manifestation of Fabry disease was limb pain episodes, angioceratoma, and progressive damage of heart,brain, kidney. Although Fabry disease cannot be cured at present,early diagnosis and enzyme replacement therapy can change the prognosis completely.

Objective To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor(POGF),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and epidermal growth factor(EGF)on the proliferation,migration and phenotypie modulation of airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs)in vitro.Methods Cultured human ASMCs were stimulated with PDGF.bFGF,EGF or DMEM(control).Cell pmliferation was detected by BrdU incorporation and cell count.Cell migration was measured using Boyden's chamber.Reverse transcription-poly-merase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blot analysis were used for the detection of sm-α-actin and sm-MHC mRNA and protein expression in ASMCs.Resuits The mitotic index(%BrdU-positive per total number of cells)of ASMCs stimulated with PDGF.bFGF and EGF were significantly higher than those in control(P<0.001 or P<0.05).And the cell number of ASMCs stimulated with PDGF,bFGF and EGFwere also significantly higher than those in control(P<0.05).The number of migrating cells treated with PDGF,bFGF and EGF were higher than that in eontrol(P<0.05).The expressions of sm-α-actin mRNA treated with bFGF and EGF were significantly lower than those in control.but it was higher than control when treated with PDGF.The expressions of sm-MHC mRNA treated with bFGF and EGF were significantly lower than those in control,but it was higher than control when treated with PDGF(P<0.01 orP<0.05).Theexpressions of sm-α-actin protein treated with bFGF and EGF were significantly lower than those in control,but it was higher than control when treated with PDGF(P<0.05).The expressions of sm-MHC protein treated with bFGF and EGF were significantly lower than those in control.but it was higher than control when treated with PDGF(P<0.05).Conclusion PDGF,bFGF and EGF can directly induce ASMCs,proliferation and migration in vitro;and meanwhile,the expressions of cells,contractive phenotype increased treated with PDGF and decreased treated with bFGF and EGF.

Objective To make clear the resources of pteridophyte in Zhejiang-Dongqian lake area.Methods Field investigation, data reference and consultation to local peasants were adopted. Results There are 20 famines, 23 genera, and 26 species of medicinal ferns in Dongqian Lake area. Conclusion Medicinal ferns are abundant in Zhejiang-Dongqian lake area.

Objective To investigate if aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) cultured three-dimentionally with collagen gel can still produce elastic fibers and the acceptance of hosts after transplantated in subcutaneous of rats. Methods AMSC-collagen gels that had been cultured for 2 weeks by three-dimentionally imitating the dermis substitute were transplanted to rats subscutaneous. After 4,7,10,14 and 28 days, the transplantations were examined via HE staining, Gomori aldehyde fuchsin staining, ?-actin immunohistochemistry and elastin immunohistochemistry. Results The amount of elastic fibers increased significantly in the week, whereas on the 28th day, no elastic fibers were detected.There was no remarkable leucocyte infiltration around the ASMC-collagen gel during 28 days.Conclusion Further studies are needed to explore the ASMC-collagen gels as a kind of elastic dermis substitute.

Objective To Study if aortic smooth muscle cells(ASMC) can produce elastic fibers in three-dimensional culture imitating the dermis substitute. Methods Primary culture of ASMCs were obtained by explanting of thoracic aortae from one-week old SD rats. ?-actin immunocytochemistry was used to approve the smooth muscle cells. After subculture, ASMCs were mixed with gels composed of collagen, chitin and glucosaminoglycans, then, three-dimensional culture was carried out. After 1 week and 2 weeks, Gomori aldehyde fuchsin staining and elastin immunocytochemistry were applied to detect the elastic fibers in the ASMC-collagen gels. Results More than 98% of the cultured cells were approved as smooth muscle cells by ?-actin immunocytochemistry. After both 1 and 2 weeks of three-dimentional culture, elastic fibers were detected in the ASMC-collagen gels by both stainings.Conclusion ASMCs can synthesize elastin and produce elastic fiber in three-dimentional culture imitating the dermis substitute.

In this paper, a method for dose calculation with pencil beam kernels constructed by point kernel superposition was proposed to accelerate the dose calculation during intensity optimization iteration. With this method, the direct aperture optimization method can be integrated in the planning system based on point kernel convolution/superposition model. The dose calculation time was also reduced during the iteration. From the result of the phantom and clinical patient data test, it was concluded that this method could be used for the intensity optimization of iteration dose calculation as the satisfied precision due to the optimization result coherence obtained. By implementing the method in the planning system product based on point kernel convolution/superposition model, a lot of additional research and development works for the pencil beam dose calculation model as well as the product maintenance cost can be avoided.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Software

Severe acute pancreatitis presents high rate of postoperative complications and results in higher mortality.The main postoperative complications include bleeding,digestive tract fistula,residual infection in the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneum.Along with further deep understanding of the disease and the great changesof treatment,we have new insight for preventing and dealing with the postoperative complications.The damage control surgery combined with minimally invasive surgery concept and individual therapic mode make great effect for the management of postoperative complications.In this review,we focus on the therapies for postoperative complications of severe acute pancreatitis.