Pediatric anesthetic experiences of 221 cases (under 2 years old) during two recent years were analyzed statistically according to age, sex, disease, risk, premedication, anesthetic method, hospital days, repeat operation, complications and mortality. All those infants were operated on under general anesthesia The results were as follows; 1) Age & sex; 40 cases(18. 1%) were in under 3 months age group and 136 males (61. 5%) far exceeded 85 females (38. 5%). 2) Disease; Most common diseases in order were intussusaeption (24 cases), burn, ingoinaI hernia and cleft lip. 3) Risk; elective surgery were 181 (59. 3%) cases and emergency were 90 (40. 7%) cages. 4) Premedication; Maimly used premedicant was atropine only (78 cases). 6) Anesthetic method; Most cases had endotracheal intubation with non rebreathing technique and halothane was mainly used (154 cases). 6) Hospital days; Mean hospital Stay was ll. 1 days. 7) Repeat operation; 26 cases (15. 6%) received repeated operations of 2 times or more under the same diagnosis. 8 Complications; 8cases of pneumonia and 5 cases of wound infection were seen. 9) Mortality; 6 cases (2. 7%) died during postoperative period.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Atropine ; Burns ; Cleft Lip ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Halothane ; Hernia ; Humans ; Infant ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Methods ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Period ; Premedication ; Wound Infection

Hydrothcrax can be a cause of respiratory insufficiency and is needed adequate management and therapy. In this report, a patient of respiratory distress due to hydrothorax that occurred during explo-laparotomy and drainage of liver absceas under general anesthesia was treated with water seal drainage insertion in the 7th intercostal space and general management. Literatures was reviewed, and the importance of early recognition and vigorous treatment has been stressed.
Anesthesia, General* ; Drainage ; Humans ; Hydrothorax* ; Liver ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Water

Benzodiazepine derivatives, chlordiazepoxide(Librium), diazepam(Valium), nitrazepam(Mogadon) and oxazepam(Serenid-D) are mainly used as hypnotics at present. Diazepam has been used mainly for premedication in anesthesia and as an intravenous anesthetic agent. The pharmacological actions of these drugs are tranquilizing effects for central nervous system, slight depression on the cardiovascular and respiratory system, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. A new benzodiazepine derivative, Flunitrazepam(Ro 5-4200) has strong hypnotic action, is anticonvulsant and antidepressant in spite of slight depression of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Furthermore the onset and duration of this drug are shorter than the others. In our clinical study, flunitrazepam in the dosage of 0.005mg/kg was administered intravenously, as an intravenous anesthetic induction agent, for 22 surgical adult patients. In each patient, the blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, minutes volume and arterial gas study were done, before and after administration of the Ro 5-4200. The results are as follows; 1. Dosage of this flunitrazepam is not constant as other benzodiazepines. 2. The effects of flunitrazepam on the cardiovascular system showed slight depression but no effect by one hour post-operation. 3. In respiratory system, the minute volume was depressed slightly and the respiratory rate was increased but negligibly. 4. Undesirable side effects attributed to this drug were not found, except the developing of cough (one case).
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Benzodiazepines ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Central Nervous System ; Clinical Study* ; Cough ; Depression ; Diazepam ; Flunitrazepam ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Premedication ; Respiratory Rate ; Respiratory System ; Tranquilizing Agents