No abstract available.
Jeollabuk-do* ; Pregnancy* ; Toxoplasma*

Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP), a peptide hormone synthesized mainly in the cardiac atrium, has an important physiological role on the regulation of body fluid and electrolyte balance. Extraatrial ANP system has been reported. The presence of ANP in eye has also been reported. ANP in the eye has claimed to control the intraocular pressure. However, the presence of ANP and its receptors in the intraocular tissues are controversial. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the characteristics of molecular nature of ANP and its receptors in variable intraocular tissues of cow. Immunoreactive ANP was detected in aqueous humor(10+/-1 pg/ml), cornea (3.6+/-0.5 pg/mg), ciliary body(2.62+/-0.6 pg/mg), choroid(2.1+/-0.5 pg/mg), retina (1.7+/-0.2 pg/mg)and iris(1.4+/-0.5 pg/mg). Chromatographic characterization of molecular profile of ANP showed major peak corresponding to small molecular weight forms of ANP and minor peak corresponding to proANP. ANP mRNA was detected in the cornea, retina and ciliary body using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The production of cGMP by the activation of guanylyl cyclase was stimulated by ANP, BNP and CNP in tissue membranes of cornea, ciliary body and iris. Autoradiographic study showed that the corneal endothelium had A, B, and C subtypes of natriuretic peptide receptor. Longitudinal fibers of ciliary muscle and retina had A subtype of natriuretic receptor. These results suggest that the bovine eye has its own ANP system and ANP may have an important paracrine or autocrine function in the eye.
Aqueous Humor ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Autoradiography ; Body Fluids ; Ciliary Body ; Cornea ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Membranes ; Molecular Weight ; Receptors, Peptide ; Retina ; RNA, Messenger ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

No abstract available.
Angiotensin I ; Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Autoradiography ; Receptors, Angiotensin* ; Renin* ; Renin-Angiotensin System*

No abstract available.
Angiotensin I ; Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Autoradiography ; Receptors, Angiotensin* ; Renin* ; Renin-Angiotensin System*

BACKGROUND: Several survey reported that use of dietary supplements including herbal medicine was common in the preoperative period. The use of such remedies has implications for the anesthesiologists because of the potential for drug interactions and side effects. Little information is available on the frequency of use in the surgical population in Korea. This study was purposed to find out the frequency and predictors of the use of dietary supplements in presurgical patients. METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to all patients at the preoperative visit from May 2006 to August 2006. The questionnaire inquired as to basic demographics, use of dietary supplements, the name and number of dietary supplements used, reasons to take the dietary supplements, and whether the patient had informed anesthesiologist of the use. RESULTS: A total 1,072 completed surveys showed that overall 37% of presurgical patients reported the use of dietary supplements. Less than half of the patients told their anesthesiologists that they were using dietary supplements. The most commonly used dietary supplements were ginseng, soy, glucosamine, garlic, prunus mume, mushroom, siberian ginseng, fish oils, aloe, ginger, and gingko in order of incidence. Young age was predictor associated with lower use of dietary supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Use of dietary supplements is common in the preoperative period in Korea. Documentation of the use of these products in the perioperative period is important to consider the potential interaction of dietary supplements with medical medicine or anesthetics.
Agaricales ; Aloe ; Anesthetics ; Demography ; Dietary Supplements* ; Drug Interactions ; Eleutherococcus ; Fish Oils ; Garlic ; Ginger ; Ginkgo biloba ; Glucosamine ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Panax ; Perioperative Period ; Preoperative Period ; Prunus

The Treacher-Collins syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by mandibular, maxillary, and malar bone hypoplasia, bilateral deformities of auricles, lower lid defects, and antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures. The syndrome is associated with considerable difficulty in airway management during anesthesia; difficult, often impossible, endotracheal intubation and face mask ventilation. We report case of Treacher-Collins syndrome in 13-year-old girl who was intubated with fiberoptic bronchoscope and discuss anesthetic consideration.
Adolescent ; Airway Management ; Anesthesia ; Bronchoscopes ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Masks ; Ventilation ; Zygoma

BACKGROUND: Cough and hyperdynamic reaction cause considerable discomfort, and they may lead to postoperative surgical complication. To reduce coughing and hemodynamics during emergence, the efficacy of laryngotracheal spraying with lidocaine before intubation is not clear, particularly, in children. We investigated such effect during emergence from general anesthesia, in children. METHODS: Children were studied in a double blind manner: 105 ASA physical status I-II, aged 2-16 yrs, undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Patients were randomly grouped into three (A, B, and C) by the lidocaine spray before endotracheal intubation: 4% lidocaine to the group A (n = 32), 10% lidocaine to the group B (n = 36), and normal saline to the group C (n = 37). The same dose (2 mg/kg) of lidocaine was applied. During emergence, patients were observed their cough and hemodynamics. RESULTS: Lidocaine spray, irrespective of concentration, did not significantly diminish the cough and the hemodynamic reaction across the groups before and after the extubation as well as in the recovery room (P value = 0.44, 0.86, 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support that the laryngotracheal spraying with lidocaine (2 mg/kg of 4% and 10%) before endotracheal intubation does not reduce the cough and hemodynamic reactions during emergence from general anesthesia in children.
Adenoidectomy ; Anesthesia, General ; Child* ; Cough* ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Lidocaine* ; Recovery Room ; Tonsillectomy

Tracheal bronchus (TB) is an aberrant, accessary or ectopic bronchus arising almost exclusively from the right side of the tracheal wall above the carina. In our center, 673 bronchoscopic examinations were performed from 2009 to 2011 in patients undergoing one lung ventilation (OLV) and 3 TB were found. The incidence of a TB at bronchoscopy was 0.45% in our research, which is consistent with the reported incidence range from 0.1-5%. The clinician should consider the possibility of anomalous right upper lobe bronchus and perform bronchoscopy prior to the right bronchial blocker insertion, when left-sided OLV using bronchial blocker is planned. Also, for the patient with TB, a double lumen tube insertion is recommended than a blocker insertion to achieve OLV completely.
Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Incidence ; One-Lung Ventilation

PURPOSE: To assess the internal echo intensity and morphological variability of masseter muscles on ultrasonography and to establish diagnostic criterion of estimation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants consisted of 50 young adults (male 25, female 25) without pathologic conditions and with full natural dentitions. Sonographic examinations were done with real time ultrasound equipment as Logiq 500 (GE Medical Systems, Seoul, Korea) at 3 parts according to lines paralleling with ala-tragus line as reference line. The thickness and area of masseter muscles according to reference line in cross-sectional images were measured at rest and at maximum contraction. The visibility and width of the internal echogenic intensity of the masseter muscles were also assessed and the muscle appearance was classified into 4 types. Data were statistically analyzed by paired t-test and chi-square-test. RESULTS: 1. When comparing the thickness and area of masseter muscles concerning with gender, there was few significant difference between right and left sides, however, there were significant differences between males and females except for the greatest thickness of left side. 2. The changes of the greatest thickness and the area between rest and maximum contraction showed that the part of the least thickness manifested more increase at maximum contraction. 3. Each part the manifestations of the internal echogenic intensity of the masseter muscles were different depending on the locations. But there was no statistically significance. CONCLUSION: Changes of muscles thickness with contraction and internal echogenic intensity with locations showed great disparity within the masseter muscles, which will be diagnostic criteria for pathophysiologic and anatomic changes of masseter muscles.
Contracts ; Dentition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; Muscles ; Young Adult

As the mean life expectancy increases, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in superelderly patients (>85 years old) is expected to increase in Korea. However, their clinical features, treatments, and treatment outcomes are unclear. Herein, we present a case of a large single HCC and its natural course in an 86-year-old man who refused any treatment following histologic diagnosis.
Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Life Expectancy