Objective To introduce comet assay and to analyze the DNA damage and repair ability of human fetal lung diploid fibroblasts (2BS) as well as lymphocytes. Methods The mixture of 2BS cells (or lymphocytes) and 1% LMA is put on the gel of 0. 5% NMA. After breakage, electrophoresis and stain, the comet tail distance and comet tail area of 100 cells (per sample) are analyzed with Leica image analysis system. Results There are no obvious comet tail for most of young and senescent 2BS cells as well as lymphocytes from young and senescent donors. The comet tails of 28PD 2BS cells treated with H2O2 are obvious. Moreover, the comet tail distances and tail areas of the cells increase as the concentration of H2O2 increasing. The stastics data of the 28PD 2BS cells exposed to H2O2 are as following. Comet tail distance: s = 1.7 ~3. 5 (?m)、CV = 1. 6% ~ 2. 8% . Comet tail area: s = 1. 5% ~ 2. 3%、CV = 1. 8% ~ 2. 5% . Conclusions The DNA breakage level is low both for young and senescent cell. H2O2 can damage DNA obviously. Comet assay is one of important methods used to comment on DNA damage and DNA repair ability.

Objective　The relationship between DNA methylation and the overexpression of cell cycle negative regulator p16MTS1/INK4a in senescent cells was studied. 　Methods　PCR amplification of p16 exon I following digestion with Sma I , a methylation sensitive DNA endonuclease, was adapted to determine the methylation status at specific site. 　Results　 T-he increased expression of p16 in the aging process of human fetal lung diploid fibroblasts (2BS) was observed. In middle-aged and old cells, the p16 level was about 3 folds and 10 folds respectively as that in young cells. The methylation level of the Sma I site in p16 exon I tended to decline with aging, being about 64% and 41% in young and middle-aged cells respectively, but still maintain relatively as high as about 24% in senescent cells. 　Conclusions　 The overexpression of p16 in senescent human fibroblasts might be related to the alteration of methylation level of exon I, its mechanisms need to be defined further.

Objective　To investigate the involvement of cell cycle negative regulator p16 in the replicative senescence of normal human diploid fibroblasts. 　Methods　 p16 cDNA and retroviral vector was introduced into normal human fibroblast 2BS cells by transfection technique. Then the effects of p16 on replicative cellular senescence of 2BS cells were examined. 　Results　 Compared with the control cells, 2BS cells transfected with p16 cDNA showed significant suppression of growth rate (decrease 50%) with cell cycle arrested at G1 phase. This phenomenon similar to that of the senescent cells, with the cellular response to stimulation by growth factor decreased 79.4%, showing the characteristics in morphology of senescent fibroblasts. 　Conclusions　 The over expression of p16 gene contributes to the process of cellular senescence of normal human diploid fibroblasts.

Objective The differentially expressed genes in the progress of cellular senescence were studied. Methods Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to young and senescent human diploid fibroblast 2BS cells, then screening and analyzing the subtractive libraries. Results Two kinds of subtraction libraries were obtained, respectively representing the differential genes with higher expression in young cells or senescent cells. Screened by dot blot, thirty of genes with differential ratio larger than 2 were sequenced, showing changes in much of cell functions. Some of them also had expression change between blood samples from newborn or old people. Conclusions The differential expression of RBM4?FBXO7?TOM1 is reported during 2BS cell senescence for the first time. There are the similarities during the senescence of culture cell and organism.

55 population doubling, PD) were compared with those of the young cells(

Objective:To explore the preparation procedure of pediatric Kechuan black plasters. Methods:A single factor method was used to observe and study the preparation process of pediatric Kechuan black plaster from the following aspects: the selection of matrix raw material and refined equipment, and the temperature of refinery, “Xiadan”, pouring white wax and adding fine material powder in production processing. Results:The best temperature of“Xiadan” for pure sesame oil and mineral orange with the purity a-bove 95% was 313 ℃. The “Xianzha” temperature was 264 ℃, the temperature of “Houxia” was between 180 ℃ and 200 ℃, and white wax instead of the traditional method was used to eliminate fire toxin. Conclusion:The research is helpful to improving the quali-ty of the black plasters. The preparation process is stable and feasible, and suitable for the industrial production.

Objective To investigate the effects of ?-2-macroglobulin on the aging process of human diploid fibroblasts. Methods pIRES-A2M sense and antisense vectors were constructed and transferred into 2BS cells mediated by lipofectamine.2BS/A2Ms and 2BS/A2Ma cell lines were verified by Southern and Northern blot analysis respectively.Cell growth curve,the population doublings,cell cycle analysis,staining of senescent-associated-?-galactosidase and expression of p16 and p21 in transfected cells were measured. Results Southern and Northern blot analysis verified that the exogenous cDNAs were integrated into genomic DNA in the transfected cells.The ultmost population doublings of 2BS/A2Ms cells were slightly higher than normal 2BS cells.Cell growth curve,cell cycle analysis,staining of senescent-associated-?-galactosidase and the population doublings all revealed that 2BS/A2Ms cells demonstrated obvious difference compared with 2BS/A2Ma cells((P0.05). Conclusions The aging process of 2BS cells is influenced slightly by expression of A2M.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Tissue Engineering

Objective:To observe the distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) in different brain regions in aged rats and determine the role of VEGF and MVD in the aging process of the nervous system. Methods:We observed the expression of VEGF and MVD in different parts of rat brain in the 3- month group and 30-month group with immunohistochemical technique. Results:Compared with the 3-month group, the 30-month group showed fewer VEGF-positive cells and MVD in the brain (P<0.01), and the number varied signiifcantly in different brain regions(P<0.01). The motor cortex region contained more VEGF-positive cells and MVD than the hippocampus and cerebellum. Conclusion:VEGF-positive cells and MVD are decreased in every brain region of aged rats, and the motor cortex region contains more positive cells, suggesting exogenous VEGF may enhance the formation of microvessels and delay the aging of the nervous system.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of partial cystectomy combined with chemotherapy in treating localized muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods The patients admitted to localized muscle invasive bladder cancer from October 2011 to December 2015 were screened according to the strict inclusion criteria,and the final 53 patients were enrolled in the study,37 males and 16 females,aged 36 to 85 (63.72 ± 13.31)years.Tumor diameter 1.5-4.0 (2.52 ±0.56)cm,the number of≤ 3 and the edge of the tumor from the ureteral opening ＞ 2 cm.All pathological types are urothelial carcinoma.All patients were examined by MRI clinical stage T2a-T2b period.A total of 53 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer who refuse or older,merge the heavier medical disease,difficult to tolerate radical cystectomy.Using partial cystectomy,intraoperative electrosurgical excision to deep muscle,parallel to the tumor bed frozen to confirm negative margins,postoperatively systemic chemotherapy of gemcitabine combined cisplatin and bladder perfusion chemotherapy of hydroxycamptothecin.Results Patients were successfully opcrated,and no margin positive or incision planting cases.The operating time is 55-110 min and average (79.11 ± 17.25)min.There was no serious complication in operation and postoperative,pathological diagnosis was invasive epithelial cell carcinoma of the urinary tract,pathology classification:low level 41 cases,and high level 12 cases.Follow up of 12 to 62 months,an average of (27.11 ± 12.22)months,21 cases of recurrence,12 patients had superficial recurrence in the bladder who was treated successfully by transurethral resection of bladder tumor,5 cases of multiple myometrial invasion who was treated by radical cystectomy (3 cases died of bladder cancer after the surgery in 8,12,and 18 months later),4 cases of myometrial invasion with recurrence of pelvic lymph node metastasis or even distant metastasis to give up treatment (all died within six months of bladder cancer).The first tumor recurrence time 3-18 months,11 months and the median time.Conclusions Our data indicate that partial cystectomy combined with chemotherapy is a safe and effective in treating localized muscle invasive bladder cancer,with less trauma,shorter operative time and higher safety,so as to provide an alternative treatment for patients with advanced age,high risk or who can not be implemented transurethral resection of bladder tumor or who refused to undergo radical cystectomy.