This article reviewed the appli ca tion of molecular biology technology, such as genomics, DNA labeling technology, and DNA microarray. The aim is to provide the reference for the modernization o f Chinese material medica.

Aim To investigate whether ecdysterone is able to exert glucose-lowering effect on hepatocytes or stimulate the secretion of insulin.Methods For glucose consumption studies,the amounts of glucose disappeared from the culture medium of HepG2 cells within 24 h were determined.?TC3 cells were also used to monitor insulin secretion.Results The glucose concentrations decreased significantly by ecdysterone 1?10~(-6)～10~(-4) mol?L~(-1),while glucose consumption increased by 44%～77% with ecdysterone.Glucose consumption declined as its concentrations increased.Insulin had no effect on glucose-lowering of ecdysterone.?TC3 cells were not stimulated by ecdysterone.Conclusion Ecdysterone is able to exert glucose-lowering effect on hepatocytes which is insulin independent,but has no effect on insulin secretion.

Aim To establish insulin resistant HepG2 cell model induced by high concentration insulin in vitro culture and evaluate the effects of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in the cell model.Methods HepG2 cells were incubated with 5?10~(-7)mol?L~(-1) insulin for 16 h and insulin-stimulated()~3H-D glucose incorporation was determined.Then,insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation rate which was used to estimate insulin sensitivity of HepG2 cell,and glucose consumption,the amountsof glucose disappeared from the culture medium of HepG2 cells within 24 hours was determined.The insulin resistance cells were incubated with pioglitazone 1?10~(-5) mol?L~(-1).Results It was demonstrated that the incorporation rate of()~3H-D-glucose in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells was decreased significantly than that in the control cells.Insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were free from stimulation for 48 h by insulin,but the incorporation rate of()~3H-D-glucose was lower than that in control cells.Incubation of insulin resistance cells with pioglitazone significantly increased glucose uptake and glucose consumption by the cells compared with that of the control cells(P

Aim To investigate the effects of ecdysterone on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in the insulin resistant HepG2 cell model induced by high concentration of insulin. Methods The insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation rate was determined with ~3H-D-glucose uptake test which was used to estimate insulin sensitivity of HepG2 cell, and glucose consumption, the amounts of glucose disappeared from the culture medium of HepG2 cells within 24 h were determined. Results The incubation of insulin resistance cells with ecdysterone 1?10~ -6 ～10~ -4 mol?L~ -1 could significantly increase the glucose uptake and glucose consumption of the cells compared with that of control cells(P0.05). Conclusion Ecdysterone could improve the insulin sensitivity in the cell model and can attenuate the aggression of insulin resistance. The effect to improve the insulin sensitivity with ecdysterone is similar to that with pioglitazone.

Objective To explore the difference of male and female rats in establishing diabetic model by feeding lardy diet and intraperitoneally injecting a low dose streptozotocin(STZ).Methods Totally 184 male and female Wistar rats(each 92 rats) were induced to diabetes mellitus by feeding lardy diet and intraperitoneally injecting 25 mg/kg STZ for 5 weeks.For the 114 left living rats(70 females and 44 males),they were randomized into female high rosiglitazone group(n=23),male high rosiglitazone group(n=15),female low rosiglitazone group(n=23),male low rosiglitazone group(n=15),female model group(n=24),and male model group(n=14).Rosiglitazone at 2 or 0.5 mg/kg were intragastrically administered to corresponding rats once a day for 4 weeks.Another 8 health female and 8 health male rats receiving same volume solvent served as normal control.The body weight,taken food amount,fasting blood glucose,plasma insulin content and the morphology of the spleen were measured and examined to validate the animal models.Results Blood glucose,total plasma lipids and cholesterol of model rats were markedly increased after STZ injection.And there were some other symptoms of model rats,such as polyuria,polydipsia and polyphagia,which indicated that diabetes had been induced in the models.The male model rats had higher mortality,body weight,triglyceride level and lower plasma insulin than in female(P

Objective To investigate some points in evaluating the effects of insulin sensitizer on obesityassociated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Zucker fa/fa rat model. Methods Total 20 male Zucker fa/fa rats were divided into model group and rosiglitazone groups. Another 10 male Zucker fa/? rats served as normal control. Rosiglitazone at 6 mg/kg was given intragastrically once per day for 4 weeks,and the rats of the other 2 groups were fed with same solvent at same volume. Results Rosiglitazone reduced the levels of fasting insulin,triglyceride ( TG) and free fatty acid ( FFA) of Zucker fa/fa rats ( P

Objective: To make out effects of different absorbents, mositure and alcohol amount on the absorption of lipophilic extract of Rhizoma Alismatis in Jinzhe Guanxin Capsules in order to solve its preparation procedure problem. Methods: The absorbent activity and absorbed dose were determined. Results: The moisture of lipophilic extract of Rhizoma Alismatis was lower than 25%, 95% alcohol amount for every gram was 0.25～ 0.5 ml when aluminum hydroxide gel was used as an absorbent. This was the best procedure condition.Conclusion: Jinzhe Guanxin Capsule preparad by aluminum hydroxide gel conforms with the preparation quality requirement.

Urine provides an alternative to blood plasma as a potential source of disease biomarkers. Exosomes was separated by ultracentrifuge at 200000 g in normal persons and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients′ urine. For proteomic analysis of urinary exosome, 1D sodium dodecylsulfonate-polyacrylate gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) was carries out and cut the gel 31 kDa-20 kDa bands in normal group and disease group′s. These gel blocks were subjected to in-gel trypsinization, and the extracted peptides were analyzed HPLC-CHIP-MS/MS. Approximately 24 unique proteins were identified in the UniProtKB/SWISS-PORT. The difference expression proteins were found in urinary exosome from NSCLC patients, including three fragment of the immunoglobulin kappa, two kinds of Ras related proteins, glutathione S-transferase A2, serum amyloid P-component precursor and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1.

Aim This study examined the uptake and transport of ecdysterone(EDS) using Caco-2 cell monolayers as a model of human intestinal mucosa.Methods Two kinds of Caco-2 cell monolayer model(Caco-2 cell monolayers;CYP3A4 expressing Caco-2 cell monolayers) were set up to study the uptake and transport of EDS.Results Compared bi-directional charaterizaton of Caco-2 cell,the apparent permeability coefficients(Papp) values of EDS were between 0.1?10-6 cm?s-1 and 1?10-6 cm?s-1.EDS absorption was 1%~10% for two kinds of Caco-2 models.The RPapp values were all less than 1.5 for 4 h.Conclusions The uptake and transport of EDS was a passive transcellular diffusion mechanism.Ecdysterone was not influenced by CYP3A4 mediate mechanism.

Aim To screen the express-altered proteins before or after effect of Ecdysterone on HepG_2 cell model of insulin resistance by the strategy of comparative proteomics, which may approach new proves exploring the target of sensitizer.Methods HepG_2 cells were incubated with 5×10~(-7) mol·L~(-1) insulin for 16 h, and glucose consumption was determined. After treatment, the insulin resistant cells were incubated with 10~(-5) mol·L~(-1) Ecdysterone for 24 h.Then glucose consumption contents were determined. The proteins of two groups before and after treatment with Ecdysterone were extracted by lysis buffers. The express-altered proteins were screened by 2-DE technique.Some of them were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS mass spectrometry and MS-Fit database.Results 53 express-altered protein spots of insulin resistant HepG_2 cells before and after treated by Ecdysterone were screened by 2-DE technique,in which 35 ones were up-regulated and the others down-regulated, 6 spots of which were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS mass spectrometry and MS-Fit database.Conclusion The target of Ecdysterone as a sensitizer involves many proteins and kinases which correlate insulin resistant. These results lay a foundation for further studies on the function of these target proteins.