Objective To study the curative effect of CT-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection(PAI)combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)in the treatment of primary heaptocellular carconima.Methods 52 cases with primary heaptocellular carconima were divided into two groups.26 cases were treated with TACE and PAI,combined group comparing with other 26 cases treated with TACE group.Results Decrease of AFP,shrinkage of tumor mass and survival rate of 1-2 years of the combined group and TACE group were 78.3% vs 50.0%,65.4%(17/26) vs 38.5%(10/26)and 73.1%(19/26),52.6%(10/19) vs 57.7%(15/26),33.3%(5/15),respectively;with statistical significance(P

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection into detrusor to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods A total of 78 patients with SCI were treated with transurethral injection of BTX-A (300 IU dissolved in 15 ml of saline) into 30 different points of detrusor with 15 ml in every patients. Urodynamic parameters and voiding diary were assessed at baseline and 3 weeks and 3 months after the injections. Adverse events were recorded after the injection if present.Results After the first injection, 78 patients showed that the mean frequencies of incontinence decreased from 13.5 to 2.7 times per day, the mean volume of intermittent catheterization (IC) increased from 131 ml to 389 ml per time, the mean volume of incontinence decreased from 1 690 ml to 281 ml per day, the mean getting effect time was 7.6 days. 10 patients received second injection at 8.9 months after first injection, the results showed that the mean frequencies of incontinence decreased from 9.7 to 3.7 times per day, the mean IC volume increased from 108 ml to 387 ml. 6 patients received third injection at 5.8 months after second injection, the results showed that the mean frequencies of incontinence decreased from 9.2 to 3.9 times per day, the mean IC volume increased from 116 ml to 364 ml. No side effects were observed during the follow-up.Conclusion BTX-A injection into detrusor to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity in patients with SCI seems to be an effective, safe and miniinvasive solution.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of intravesical electric stimulation (IVES) on bladder sensation of neurogenic bladder.Methods28 patients with neurogenic bladder was evaluated, which all underwent intravesical bladder stimulation. Their bladder sensation were analyzed before and after the treatment.Results57.1% of the patients increased bladder sensation after treatment, 32.1% appeared the first sensation and urge sensation after treatment, 42.9% remained stable.ConclusionIntravesical bladder stimulation is effective to improve bladder sensation in a majority of the patients with neurogenic bladder.

ObjectiveTo study risk factors of urinary calculus formation in spinal cord injured patients. MethodsThe clinical data of 128 patients with spinal cord injury following urinary calculi were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsAmong the 128 cases, there were 32 cases receiving bladder stoma; 34 cases, regular replacement of indwelling catheter; 12 cases, intermittent catheterization; 19 cases, triggered reflex voiding; 11 cases, voiding by abdominal straining; 20 cases, condom catheters with urine collection devices. 120 cases presented with urinary tract infection, and 11 cases presented serum calcium increase. Video urodynamic suggested detrusor areflexia in 39 cases, detrusor overactivity in 63 cases, detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia in 41 cases, detrusor bladder neck dyssynergia in 11 cases, external urethral sphincter overactivity in 27 cases, and urethral sphincter deficiency in 11 cases. The pathology of several physiological conditions coexisted in some patients.ConclusionBladder management after spinal cord injury have a major impact on urinary stones formation. Low urinary tract infection, detrusor-urethral sphincter dyssynergia and other lower urinary tract dysfunction, long-term indwelling urinary catheter and cystostomy were main risk factors for urinary calculus formation. The abnormal calcium metabolism after spinal cord injury may be a risk factor for calculus formation.

Objective To investigate the effect of Holmium laser urethrotomy under ureteroscopy on urethral stricture.Methods 30 men with urethral stricture who accepted urethrotomy with Holmium laser under ureteroscopy were observed.Results Operation was performed successfully in 21 cases;7 cases underwent 2～3 endoscopic surgical treatments.Endoscopic surgical treatment failed in 2 cases,and open surgery were performed on them.21 cases were followed up for 3～37 months,and 8 of them need urethral dilatation termly.Conclusion Endoscopic surgery with ureteroscopy and Holmium laser may be effective on urethral stricture with slight trauma.

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome of reconstruction for urinary conti-nence function by using implantation of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). Methods From 2002 to 2005,15 incontinent patients (14 men and 1 woman) with age range of 19-75 years treated with im-plantation of AUS were followed up. In 15 eases, there were 5 cases with traumatic urinary inconti-nence, 1 with neurogenic stress incontinence, 1 with neurogenic urgent incontinence,6 with postpros-tatectomy incontinence and 2 with neurogenie voiding dysfunction. Three eases had taken urethro-stenotomy, 3 had sphineterotomy and 1 had enterocystoplasty and ureterovesieostomy before the im-plantation for AUS. The patients were followed up for 13-55 months with mean of 37 months. The information about the continence status and pads usage, also the complications were collected. Results After implantation, 13 cases(87%)used AUS device normally, 12(92%)beeame dry and 1 (8%) got social continence. Eleven cases (85%) got continence depending on the original implanted AUS and 15% did continence by reoperation. There were 4 cases(27%) with complications including erosion of skin and urethral in 1, graft rejection in 1, urethral atrophy in 1, and voiding dysfunction in 1. Durability of 11 cases with original implanted devices was 13-55 months with mean of 38 months.Conclusion The implantation of AUS is a long-term reliable method in reconstruction for lower uri-nary tract function.

Objective To assess clinical and urodynamic results of augmentation enterocystoplasty (AE) in patients with ncurogcnic hladdcr dysfunction (NBD).Methods Retrospectively reviewed our database between 2005-2011 to identify 77 patients who underwent AE ( sigmoid 74 patients,ileum 3 patients).Postoperativc complications,renal function,urodynamics parameters and quality of daily life were evaluated.Results The mean follow-up length was 24 months.Compared with pre-operative condition,the mean bladder capacity significantly increased from (160.6 ± 128.3) to (468.5 ± 60.6) ml (P ＜0.001 ) and the maximum detrusor pressure decreased from ( 31.1 ± 26.4) to ( 10.9 ± 4.5 ) cm H2O ( P =0.002 ).Serum creatinine level decreased from (270.3 ± 113.6 ) to ( 174.4 ± 81.3 ) μmol/(l) ( P =0.00 1 ).There were significant decrease on mean number of incontinence episodes and pads used per day ( P ＜0.01 ).Post-operative complications included metabolic acidosis in two patients (2.6％),adhesive intestinal obstruction in four patients (5.2％),deteriorating renal function in one patients ( 1.2％ ) and recurrence of vesicoureteral reflux in three patients (3.9％).Conclusions The results suggest that AE is safe and effective in treating patients with NBD.Concomitant URI is considerèd on patients with long illness history,vesicoureteral reflux at low intravesical pressures and upper urinary tract dilation.Patients with moderate and severe upper urinary tract deteriorations benefit from this procedure and the benefit can maintain a long time.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A) repeated injection into detrusor to treat detrusor hyperreflexia and neurogenic incontinence in spinal cord injury(SCI) patients.Methods6 patients with SCI were included into the study.300 U of BTX-A was dissolved in saline 15 ml,and injected into 30 different sites in detrusor using a flexible cystoscopic needle.BTX-A injection was repeated 3 times for all the patients.Urodynamic examination,voiding diary and toxic effects were recorded.ResultsThe improvement for symptoms was observed within 5 to 21 days.The effects of injections lasted averagely 8.9 and 5.8 months for each injection.After the first injection,the mean frequency of incontinence decreased from 10.1 /d to 3.3 /d.The mean volume of intermittent catheterization(IC) increased from 98.5 ml to 404.2 ml each time.Mean cystometric volume increased from 95.4 ml to 385.6 ml,mean maximum storage detrusor pressure decreased from 105.8 cmH2O to 31 cmH2O.After the second injection,the mean frequency of incontinence decreased from 9.7/d to 3.7/d.The mean volume of IC increased from 108.3 ml to 387.2 ml each time.Mean cystometric bladder storage volume increased from 105.4 ml to 375.6 ml.Mean maximum storage detrusor pressure decreased from 97.8 cmH2O to 33 cmH2O.After the third injection,the mean frequency of incontinence decreased from 9.2/d to 3.9/d.The mean volume of IC increased from 115.7 ml to 363.9 ml each time.Mean cystometric volume increased from 102 ml to 357.6 ml.Mean maximum storage detrusor pressure decreased from 98.1 cmH2O to 36.9 cmH2O.The patients were followed up for 6 months.No adverse and toxic effect was observed.ConclusionBotulinum toxin type A repeated injection into detrusor is effective,safe,feasible and mini-invasive to treat detrusor hyperreflexia and neurogenic incontinence in patients with SCI.Botulinum toxin type A repeated injection into detrusor is effective,safe,feasible and mini-invasive to treat detrusor hyperreflexia and neurogenic incontinence in patients with SCI.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of sacral neuromodulation using a new tined-lead electrode on neurogenic bladder.MethodsThe use of a new tined-lead electrode for sacral neuromodulation was evaluated in a study including 5 consecutive patients with neurogenic bladder.The tined leads were implanted at the S3 foramen under the X-ray screening.Subjects completed the recording of detailed voiding diary pre-and post-operation including fluid intake,voided volume,leaked volume,catheterized volume,frequency,accompanying symptoms and sensation.Vesicourethral function was assessed by video-urodynamics.ResultsUrinary frequency and voided volume were improved 22% and 49% respectively in one patient with spinal bifida.Urinary frequency,voided volume and residual volume were improved 0.7%,11% and 46% respectively in another one.Urinary frequency,voided volume and residual volume were improved 0.4%,18% and 44% respectively in the third one.Frequency of leakage and leaked volume were improved 36% and 54% respectively in the patient with brain trauma.Frequency of CIC and catheterized volume were improved 42% and 54% respectively,and indexes of urodynamics were improved 37%～45% in the patient with spinal cord injury.ConclusionA new tined-lead electrode for sacral neuromodulation provide a new alterative and minimally invasive procedure to treat neurogenic bladder.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of sacral neuromodulation(SNM) for the treatment to neurogenic bladder.MethodsOne patient with neurogenic bladder after spinal bifida underwent the therapy of SNM 42 months ago.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated and followed up by means of the symptom improvement and voiding diaries.ResultsDuring the test stimulation period,there were significant improvements(>50%) in the objective findings and subjective symptoms.This patient received permanent electrode and neurostimulator implantation and lower urinary tract symptoms were improved continuously until 42 months.ConclusionSNM may be effective for some neurogenic dysfunctions of the bladder.