Objective To establish an ICP-AES method for determination of the content of Zn in Shenningsan Capsules. Methods The sample was digested with HNO3-HClO4, and determined by the ICP-AES method. The determined wavelength was at 213.8 nm, the electric current of the light was set at 10.0 mA, the slit-width was 0.5 nm, the flow rate of acetylerce was 2.0 L/min and the flow rate of air was 9.4 L/min, the hight of burning was 7.5 mm. Results The ion concentration of Zn had the good linear range of 0.2～1.6 ?g/mL, Y=0.054X+0.001 1 (r2=0.999 3). The average recovery of the content of Zn in Shenningsan Capsules was 99.56% with RSD of 2.00%. The content of Zn in Shenningsan Capsules was 68.6 ?g/g. Conclusion The method is simple and reliable. It can be used effectively for the quality control of Shenningsan Capsules.

OBJECTIVETo establish a culture system for Psammosilene tunicoides hairy roots, and provide technological aid for the large-scale production of P. tunicoides material.

METHODThe young leaves and stem segments of sterile plantlets were infected with ACCC10060 strain, and subsequently a culture system suitable for hairy roots growth was further established.

RESULTWhen explants were co-cultured with ACCC10060 (A600 0.8) on B5 media containing 20 mg x L(-1) Acetosyringo (AS) for 48 h, the hairy roots could be successfully induced, and it could achieve a higher induction rate using young leaves as explants than that of stem segments. The transfected hairy roots possessed the ability of kanamycin resistance and growth on hormone-free media, and synthesis of opines. All above results demonstrated that the present hairy roots originated in the infection of P. tunicoides tissues by ACCC10060 strains. After 35 d culture in liquid hormone-free MS (1/2 strength), the biomass of hairy roots increased 14.11 times (fresh weight) and 8. 39 times (dry weight), respectively, and the content of total saponins in hairy roots reached to 0.857% (DW), by contrast, it's only 0.388% and 0.217% in callus and seedlings respectively.

CONCLUSIONEstablishment of hairy roots culture of P. tunicoides provided a foundation for industrial production of active components from P. tunicoides culture.

Biomass ; Caryophyllaceae ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Culture Techniques ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Rhizobium ; physiology ; Saponins ; analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of electromyography (EMG) and postural stability of lower limb muscles during Y-balance test (YBT) and their relationship. MethodsFrom October to November, 2021, a total of 26 female students aged 18 to 22 years were recruited from Binzhou Medical University to complete YBT; while the EMG of rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius of supporting legs were collected synchronously to measure root mean square (RMS), integral electromyography (iEMG), and muscle contribution rate; and the postural stabilities were measured with three-dimensional force platform, to record total, antero-posterior (A/P) and medio-lateral (M/L) path length of center of pressure (COP). ResultsIn three directions of YBT, the RMS of rectus femoris was the most (χ² > 56.952, P < 0.001), and the iEMG and contribution rate of the tibialis anterior were the most (χ² > 38.507, P < 0.001). All the path length of COP was the shortest in the anterior (P < 0.05). In the anterior, the total path length of COP correlated with iEMG of biceps femoris (r = 0.452, P = 0.02) and gastrocnemius (r = 0.397, P = 0.045); in the postero-medial, the total path length of COP correlated with iEMG of gastrocnemius (r = 0.478, P = 0.014); and in the postero-lateral, the total path length of COP correlated with iEMG of tibialis anterior (r = 0.437, P = 0.026). ConclusionFor YBT, the activation of rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles of supporting legs are significant, and different with the indicators of EMG. Postural stability is the best in the posterolateral. The joint extensors or flexors play a different role for dynamic postural stability in the different directions.