Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of AH Plus sealer and Zinc oxide eugenol sealer in root canal treatment.Methods 206 patients with 227 teeth who needed root canal treatment were divided into observation group(103 patients with 114 teeth) and control group(103 patients with 113 teeth) randomly,and observation group and control group received AH Plus sealer and Zinc oxide eugenol sealer,respectively.Results There were 105 teeth filled exactly,4 overfilled,5 underfilled in observation group,and 103 teeth filled exactly,4 overfilled,5 underfilled in control group.No significantly differences in root canal filling was found between observation group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).In postoperative 1 d,there were 97 teeth with no response,9 with mild,6 with moderate,2with severe in observation group,and 83 teeth with no response,14 with mild,9 with moderate,7 with severe in control group.In postoperative 7d,there were 112 teeth with no response,2 with mild in observation group,and 104 teeth with no response,9 with mild in control group.The intensity of acute postoperative reaction of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group in postoperative 1d and 7d,respectively(t =2.2210,P ＜0.05 ;t =2.1711,P ＜ 0.05).In postoperative 6-month and 12-month,the number of teeth judged as being successful were 109 and 106 in observation group,and 107 and 103 in control group.No statistically significant differences in success rates were found between observation group and control group in postoperative 6-month and 12-month,respectively(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The root canal treatment using AH Plus sealer,which was considered to be one of ideal root canal filling materials,can significantly reduce the intensity of acute postoperative reaction.

[Objective]To study the intervertebral disc degeneration induced by bilateral zygopophysial joint resection in New Zealand rabbits.[Method]Forty-five New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:group A,L_(4) and L_(5) inferior articular processes were en bloc excised,L_(5) and L_(6) superior articular processes were retained;its L_(6、7) and L_(3、4) as self-control group B;L_(3) to L_(7) paravertebral muscles were stripped and took L_(4、5),C_(5、6) as control group C.At one,two,four and eight months postoperatively,anterior-posterior and lateral X-ray film abnormal signs,including intervertebral space wedging,osteophyma formation at the edge of vertebral body and cartilage end plate celcification,were examined and counted.[Result]In the group C,cartilage end plate calcification,seldom intervertebral space narrowing,rare osteophyma formation at the edge of vertebral body and no lumbar spinal kyphosis were found in some rabbits.In the group A,cartilage end plate calcification began to found in the early stage on the L_(4、5) and L_(5、6),as time went on to the 8~(th) month postoperatively,almost all rabbits were found intervertebral space narrowing,osteophyma formation of vertebral space narrowing,osteophyma formation of vertebral body and cartilage end plate calcification.Conform kyphosis of L_(5、6) were also occurred at some rabbits.There was significant difference between group A and group C,but no difference with group B.[Conclusion]Radiological changes of L_(5、6) intervetevbral disc degeneration can be induced by excision of L_(5) and L_(6) zygopokhysial joint of rabbit.

[Objective]To study whether intervertebral disk degeneration can be induced by destroying bilateral zygapophysial joints of New-Zealand rabbit.[Method]Thirty male New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into operation group on the bone and operation group on the soft tissue.In operation group on the bone,L4 and L5 inferior articular processes were en bloc excised,L5 and L6 superior articular processes were retained.In the operation group on the soft-tissue,Only L3 to L7 paravertebral muscles were stripped.In operation group on the bone,L4、5 and L5、6 intervertebral disks acted as experimental group;L3、4 and L6、7 acted as self-control group.In the operation on the soft tissue,L4、5 and L5、6 acted as experimental control group.One,two,four and eight months post-operation,histological and ultrastructure organizations of intervertebral disks of New-Zealand rabbits were performed.[Result]The normal rabbit discs formed a very complex system,with an outer anulus fibrosus surrounding a central nucleus pulposus in which collagen fibers aligned parallelly and intervertebral disk cells distributed evenly.Collagen fibers derangly aligned and intervertebral disk ceils declined with time post-operation.At the end of four months post-operation,many degenerative cells were found in the study group,which features as irregular cell contours,swelling chondrosome,rough endoplasmic reticulum,and condense nucleus located in the cellular nucleus.Eight months after operation,many dead cells were found.Cytolysosomes increased,cellular nucleus became twisted,rough endoplasmic reticulums swelled,and chondrosome became vacuolization.Dead intervertebral disk cells were located in nidi which were made of multilayer degenerative collagen fibers.[Conclusion]Histological changes of intervertebral disk degeneration can be induced by destroying L4、5 and L5、6 zygapophysial joints of New-Zealand rabbit.

[Objective]To study the MRI changes in rabbit lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration induced by spinal intervertebral instability through destroying L4、5 and L5、6 zygapophysial joints.[Method]Thirty male New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into operation group on the bone and operation group on the soft tissue.In operation group on the bone,L4 and L5 inferior articular processes were en bloc excised,L5 and L6 superior articular processes were retained.In the operation group on the soft-tissue,Only L3 to L7 paravertebral muscles were stripped.In operation group on the bone,L4、5 and L5、6 intervertebral disks were acted as experimental group;L3、4 and L6、7 acted as self-control group.In the operation on the soft tissue,L4、5 and L5、6 were acted as experimental control group.One,two,four and eight months post-operation,lumbar spine MRI of New-Zealand rabbits were performed.The area fractions of high T2 signal zone of the nucleus pulposus were calculated according to the reference reports.[Result]On the T2 sagittal image,the nucleus pulposus showed uniform high signal intensity.On the axial image,high signal area of the nucleus pulposus located at the center of the intervertebral disk,and the areal fraction was 50%.High sagittal T2 signal and area fraction of high axis T2 signal of the nucleus pulposus not obviously declined in the normal rabbit with time.There was no statistical difference by t test.However,MRI showed the most significantly decreased the axial T2 high-signal area fraction in the experimental group,and the smallest declined in the experiment-control group.At the end of eight months after operation,L4、5 and L5、6 appeared the dark discs in the experiment group.[Conclusion]Disc degeneration may be caused by spine instability.The decline of the axial T2 high-signal area fraction of the nucleus pulposus is a earlier and common sign of intervertebral disk degeneration.

[Objective]To study hIGF-1 gene expression on intervertebral disk degeneration.[Method]Twenty-four male New-Zealand rabbits IVDD models were made according to reference and randomly divided into Ad/CMV-hIGF-1,hIGF-1 growth factor and PBS group.Twenty five microlitre the second generation Ad/CMV-hIGF-1(T=80?109 PFU/L),hIGF-1 growth factor(100 ?g/L)and PBS were respectively injected into L4、5,L5、6 intervertebral disk under fluoroscopic guidance.One,two,four and eight weeks post-operation,rabbits were sacrificed,intervertebral disk samples were harvested.Total proteins of equal mass intervertebral disks were extracted,isolated in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)Millipore.The hIGF-1 growth factor expression were indentified with Western blot.[Result]The hIGF-1 interest protein existed at 7.6 kilo-Dalton.At one week after injection,its expression quantities were almost equal between Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 and hIGF-1 growth factor group.At two week after injection,it obviously declined in hIGF-1 growth factor group.At four week after injection,it still expressed in Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 group.At eight week after injection,it did not express in three groups.[Conclusion]Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 successfully infects degenerative intervertebral disk.In Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 group,the hIGF-1 gene expression lasts longer than that in hIGF-1 growth factor group.

[Objective]To study the role of hIGF-1 gene on collagen type Ⅱ expression of degenerative intervertebral disk.[Method]Twenty-four male New-Zealand rabbits intervertebral disk degenerontion(IVDD) models were done according to reference and randomly divided into Ad-CMV-hIGF-1,hIGF-1 growth factor and PBS group.Twenty five microlitre the second generation Ad/CMV-hIGF-1(T=80?109 PFU/L),hIGF-1 growth factor(100 ?g/L)and PBS were respectively injected into L4、5,L5、6 intervertebral disk under fluoroscopic guidance.One,two,four and eight weeks post-operation,rabbits were sacrificed,intervertebral disk samples were harvested.Total proteins of equal mass intervertebral disks were extracted,isolated in SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)Millipore.The hIGF-1 growth factor expression were indentified with Western blot.Collagen type Ⅱ gene fragments were amplified with RT-PCR,and relative expression was done with GAPDH as intern control.[Result]The hIGF-1 interest protein existed at 7.6 Kilo-Dalton.At one week after injection,its expression quantities were almost equal between Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 and hIGF-1 growth factor group.At two week after injection,it obviously declined in hIGF-1 growth factor group.At four week after injection,it still expressed in Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 group.At eight week after injection,it did not express in theree groups.Collagen type Ⅱ mRNA relative expressions increased significantly from one to four weeks after injection,declined slightly at the end of eight weeks in Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 group.However,they appeared to decrease continuously in the other two groups with time.At the corresponding phases,those in PBS group were the lowest.[Conclusion]Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 could successfully infect degenerative intervertebral disk.The hIGF-1gene expression could last four weeks and could stimulate collagen type Ⅱ synthesis in Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 group.

Objective To study hIGF-1 gene expression and the influence on aggrecan expression of degenerative intervertebral disk. Methods Twenty four male New-Zealand rabbits IDD models were established and randomly divided into Ad/CMV-hIGF-1、hIGF-1 growth factor and PBS group. Twenty five mL of Ad/CMV-hIGF-1(T=80?109 PFU/L), hIGF-1 growth factor(100 ?g/L) and PBS were respectively injected into L4-5, L5-6 intervertebral disk through fluoroscopic guidance. One,two,four and eight weeks after-operation, rabbits were sacrificed, intervertebral disk samples were collected. Total protein of equal mass intervertebral disks were extracted, isolated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) Millipore. The hIGF-1 growth factor expression were indentified with Western blot. Aggrecan gene fragments were amplified with RT-PCR,and relative expression was checked with GAPDH as intern control. Results The hIGF-1 interest protein existed at 7.6 kilo-Dalton. One week after injection, its expression quantities were almost equal between Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 and hIGF-1 growth factor group. At two week after injection, it obviously declined in hIGF-1 growth factor group. Four week after injection, it was still expressed in Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 group. Eight week after injection, it did not express in three groups. Aggrecan gene relative expression increased significantly from one to four weeks after injection, declined slightly by the end of eight weeks in Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 group. However, it appeared to decrease continuously in the other two groups with time. Conclusion Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 successfully infected degenerative intervertebral disk. The hIGF-1 gene expression lasted four weeks and could stimulate aggrecan synthesis in Ad/CMV-hIGF-1 group.

Objective To study aggrecan, collagen type Ⅰ and collagen type Ⅱ gene expression of intervertebral disk degeneration through destroying bilateral zygapophysial joints of New-Zealand rabbit. Methods Thirty male New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into operation groups on the bone and operation group on the soft tissue. In operation group of the bone, L4 and L5 inferior articular processes were en bloc excised, L5 and L6 superior articular processes were retained. In the operation group of soft-tissue, only L3 to L7 paravertebral muscles were stripped. In operation group of the bone, L4-5 and L5-6 intervertebral disks were acted as experimental group; L3-4 and L6-7 acted as self-control group. In the operation of soft tissue, L4-5 and L5-6 were acted as experimentalcontrol group. One、two、four and eight months post-operation, New-Zealand rabbits were killed. Aggrecan, collagen type Ⅰ and collagen type Ⅱ gene expression were performed with semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Aggrecan and collagen type Ⅱ mRNA levels decreased markedly, whereas type Ⅰ collagen mRNA gradually increased. At the same time, aggrecan, collagen type Ⅱ gene expression were the least in experiment group, whereas were most in the experiment-control group. Collagen type Ⅰ showed the contra-tendency. Conclusion Intervertebral disk degeneration can be induced through destroying L4-5 and L5-6 zygapophysial joints of New-Zealand rabbit.Aggrecan, collagen type Ⅰ and collagen type Ⅱ gene expression can reflect intervertebral disk degeneration.

Objective To investigate the approach and safety of minimally invasive surgical procedures treating symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi. Methods Clinical data of 21 cases with symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve females and 9 males aged 22 to 57 years old. The average diameter of caliceal diverticulum was 3.7 cm (2.5-7.0 cm) and average diameter of calculi was 2.3 cm (0.8-3.5 cm). The patients underwent flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy, PCNL or mPCNL, laparoscopic techniques and laparoscopy-assisted transperitoneal PCNL, respectively. Four cases underwent flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy. PCNL (2 cases) or mPCNL(5 cases)were performed in 7 cases. Nine cases underwent laparoscopic techniques. Laparoscopyassisted transperitoneal PCNL was performed in 1 case. Results The operations were performed successfully in 21 cases. No case need to transfer to open surgery during the operation and no major complications like perforation or organic injury were noted. One case with iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula of the kidney after 1 week postoperative was cured by delayed hemorrhage 2 days later, while clinical symptoms of 2 cases with residue calculi relieved. 19 cases without residue calculi were followed up for 6 to 12 month without recurrence. Conclusions After handling indication of treatment efficiently and creating advisable therapeutic decision-making, minimally invasive surgical procedures treating symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi appears to be effective and safe.

For solve confusion of the dispensing specified varieties of traditional Chinese medicine Yinpian, the state administration of traditional Chinese medicine had decreed in 2009 the on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Yinpian prescription name and the dispensing specified varieties notification, Require various regions medical institutions to solve the problem. But the notification permit that each medical institutions formulate the traditional Chinese medicine Yinpian prescription name and standards of the dispensing Specified varieties, be sure to cause each medical institutions on parallel tracks in the dispensing Specified varieties. Beijing the Beijing traditional Chinese medicine Yinpian prescription dispensing rule. It nor did completely solve the problem of the dispensing specified varieties, there is a difference between doctor and harmacist. So formulate statute universal and scientific, Completely solve the problem of the dispensing specified varieties, It is Long-cherished wish of government and traditional Chinese medicine sector for many years The article on appearance of the dispensing specified varieties problem, and think about actual statute of the dispensing specified varieties, and discuss Solving system, consider formulate and execute Yinpian drug catalogue and Chinese medicine Yinpian prescription dispensing rule by country and local two level, It provides legal protection to thoroughly resolve the dispensing Specified varieties Both can resolve that prescription of traditional Chinese medicine Yinpian unified provisioning in entire country, And conducive to defend local medical genre medication features, and defend precious local features processing varieties and conducive to exploit new drug, and conducive to inherit and evolve traditional Chinese medicine scientifically, It is simple and feasible final way to Chinese medicine Yinpian dispensing specified varieties.
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