Objective To explore the risk factors and clinical features of elderly asthma.Methods Clinical data of 221 patients with adult asthma were retrospectively analyzed.According to age,the patients were divided into the young group(15 ～59 years) and elderly group( ≥ 60 years).All indices were compared between the two groups to identify risk factors and clinical features.Results In 221 patients with asthma,the elderly patients was 64 patients (28.96% ) ,and their mean age was 73.4 years, of which 39 males(60.93% ) and 25 females (39.06% ).The number of smokers in the elderly group was significantly higher than the young group (x2 = 4.753, P < 0.05) , and infection and climate change was risk factors for asthma in the elderly(x2 =6.352,9.376,all P<0.05) ;The seasonal aspects of old age group was prone to winter and spring, and the young group was prone to winter and summer;The complications and underlying diseases in elderly patients was significantly higher than those in the young group( x2 = 126.270,P <0.01).Conclusion In elderly patients with asthma, male was more than female, and smoking rate was high.The infection and climate change was the main risk factors,which was prone in winter and spring and had more complications and underlying diseases.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of bladder cancer.MethodsFrom October 2012 to August 2015, 92 patients with bladder cancer were enrolled in our hospital.Patients were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method.On the basis of routine nutrition support and symptomatic treatment, cisplatin was administered by intravenous infusion of cisplatin 70mg/m2 in the first 3d in control group.On the 1d and 8d, gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 was intravenously infused in observation group and 21 days treatment was taken continuous for 2 courses.Curative effect, IL-17, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and urinary TGF-β1 levels and adverse reactions of two groups were comparatively studied.ResultsThe total effective rate in the control group (63.05%) was significantly lower than that in the observation group (76.09%) (P<0.05).After treatment, the levels of serum IL-17, IL-18, TGF-β1 and VEGF in the two groups were significantly decreased and with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).The levels of urinary TGF-β1 were significantly increased and with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the control and observation groups was 15.22% and 6.52%, respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionGemcitabine combined with cisplatin has a significant clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of bladder cancer.

The body is equipped with kinds of transporters which generally exist in liver,kidney,and intestine.Multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins(MATEs;SLC47A)are predominantly expressed in the brush-border membrane of proximal tubule epi-thelial cells in the kidney and the canalicular membrane of hepa-tocytes.Functionally,MATEs act as efflux transporters for or-ganic compounds.The article discusses type,structure,poly-morphism and function of MATE1and MATE2-K,and also dis-cusses the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)in the SLC47A1 gene and SLC47A2 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin and platinum-based chemothera-peutic agents.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential protective effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABP) on diabetes mice induced by streptozocin. METHODS Male ICR mice were divided into normal control, diabetes model and ABP 50 and 100 mg·kg~(-1) (ip, once daily for 15 d) treatment groups. On the day before ABP administration and after ABP administration for 8 and 15 d, the blood glucose content was detected with a glucometer and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was also conducted. After ABP administration for 15 d, the mice were sacrificed and body weight, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys weights were measured. The serum insulin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay kit. The serum activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), calcium and phosphorus were measured by colorimetric method. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum. RESULTS Compared with mice in normal control group, the body weight and serum insulin concentration decreased and blood glucose increased in diabetic model mice. ABP 50 and 100 mg·kg~(-1) treated mice were able to normalize glucose concentrations better following a glucose tolerance test, and the blood glucose level decreased by 27.4% and 16.3%, respectively, compared with that of diabetic model mice. The relative weights of spleen and kidneys, blood glucose level, serum TG and TC concentrations, and GOT, GPT and ALP activities in mice treated with ABP 50 mg·kg~(-1) were obviously lower than those of diabetes model mice. Serum leptin concentration was also markedly decreased near to normal level. However, serum concentrations of adiponectin, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased comparing with diabetes model mice. ABP 100 mg·kg~(-1) had no obvious effect on serum TG and TC levels, and GPT and ALP activities. Its effects on the other parameters indicated above were similar to those in ABP 50 mg·kg~(-1) group. For the serum concentrations of insulin, calcium and phosphorus, no statistical difference could be observed among the different groups. CONCLUSION ABP possesses protective effect against streptozocin-induced diabetes in mice.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and significance of anti-?2-glycoprotein Ⅰ (anti-?2-GPⅠ) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Anti-?2-GPⅠ level was determined in 112 SLE patients, 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 30 patients with Sj?gren′s syndrome (SS) and 40 healthy individuals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The laboratory and clinical features (thrombosis, fetal loss, etc) were analyzed retrospectively from the clinical database. Results Sensitivities of anti-?2-GPⅠ were 21.4%, 15.0%, 6.7% in SLE, RA and SS, respectively. The specificity of anti-?2-GPⅠ was 88.6% in SLE. Correlations between thrombosis and titers of ACL-IgG/IgM and anti-?2-GPⅠ were statistically significant. No association was found between anti-?2-GPⅠ and other clinical and laboratory features. Conclusion The results indicate that anti-?2-glycoprotein Ⅰ antibodies are common and may play a role in SLE with thrombosis. Combination of ACL and anti-?2-GPⅠ can facilitate the diagnosis of SLE with thrombosis.

Objective To systematically evaluate the influence of acupuncture-moxibustion on the peroneal nerve conduction velocity in type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and to provide clinical references for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for DPN.Method By searching the CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Pubmed, Springer and Medline databases, randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupuncture-moxibustion for the type 2 DPN published from January 2000 to January 2014 were retrieved and the relevant data of the peroneal nerve conduction velocity were collected for methodological evaluation. RevMan 5.1 software was adopted to conduct the meta-analysis.Result Totally 10 RCTs were recruited with 685 cases involved, including 355 cases in the treatment group and 330 cases in the control group. The meta-analysis results indicated that acupuncture-moxibustion can produce a better effect in improving the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of peroneal nerve in type 2 DPN than the treatments used in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant between the two groups [MD=3.55, 95%CI (0.79, 6.31); MD=4.10, 95%CI (0.22, 7.99)].Conclusion Acupuncture-moxibustion can improve the peroneal nerve conduction velocity in type 2 DPN, and thus is worth application in clinic. Due to the limitation of the included studies, such as small sample size and low quality of the articles and high probability of bias, RCTs of large sample size and high quality are required to confirm the above conclusions.

The use of actigraphy, which can be used to estimate sleep-wake patterns from activity levels, has become common in sleep research. Actigraphy is a simple, cost-effective and non-invasive method for healthcare providers and researchers to assess patients sleep quality and screen for potential sleep disorders in recent years. But, there is no wide recognition and application of actigraphy in China up till now. This review summarized the application of actigraphy in evaluation of sleep and diagnosis of sleep disorders.
Actigraphy ; China ; Humans ; Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; diagnosis

Objective In this paper,we analyzed the initial review projects of clinical research during past five years in a hospital,which aims to summarize the experience and analysis existent problems,in order to provide a reference for the future hospital ethics review.Methods Summarizing and analyzing the meeting records during past five years,which were also in the field of the initial review projects of clinical research.Results Clinical trials of drug and divice,and clinical research projects exist in varying degrees of problems,which express in these two aspects:research design and ethical rational.Conclusions Ethics Committee should stengthen review the following two parts,the scientific of research project and the informed consent form.Improve their own system constantly,and ensure the efficient operation of the Ethics Committee.

Objective To study the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) mRNA in re-nal tissue after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and to investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on renal IRI and its mechanism. Methods Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group(n =6), a renal IRI group (n=18) and an HBO treatment group (n=18). Renal IRI models were established in all the rats. The plasma levels of Cr in the experimental groups were then measured after 1, 3 and 5 hours. The expres-sion of HIF-1α mRNA was also detected using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Kidney tissue sections were preserved for ultrastructure examination. Results (1) The average levels of plasma Cr in the renal IRI group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Compared with the renal IRI group, plasma Cr was significantly lower in the HBO treatment group. (2) The average expression of HIF-1α mRNA was significantly lower an hour after reperfusion, but significantly higher after 3 hours than in the control group. There was no significant difference by the 5th hour after reperfusion. In the HBO treatment group, HIF-1α mRNA was up-regulated significantly at the 1st and 3rd hour after reperfusion compared with the renal IRI group, but it was reduced significantly by the 5th hour after reperfusion. (3) The severity of the kidney injury increased gradually with time in the renal IRI group. After HBO treatment, however, the damage to the renal tissues decreased significantly. Conclusions HIF-1α mRNA plays an important role in the development of renal IRI. The damage to renal tissues and renal function improves significantly after reperfusion and HBO treatment through earlier priming and up-regulating of HIF-1α mRNA expression. HBO should be applied early to help prevent renal IRI.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of partial cystectomy in treatment of localized muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods From 1999 to 2005,data from 71 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC) were reviewed.There were 47 patients underwent partial cystectomy (PC) and 24 underwent total cystectomy (TC).The overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with MIBC with PC or TC were compared.All patients had pathologic T2-T3.Matched Kaplan-Meier survival analyses compared the effect of PC vs.TC on overall survival and disease-free survival.Univariate (log rank) and multivariate (Cox' proportional hazard model) analyses were used to test the statistical significance of several potential prognostic factors for survival rate.Results In the entire cohort,the overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate estimated at 5 years were 57％ and 50％ for PC patients,53％ and 46％ for TC patients,respectively (P＞0.05).On univariate analysis,T stage (include vessel tumor embolus) and whether the tumor was pedunculated were the significant predictors of tumor recurrence.Age,gender,tumor quantity,tumor size and histology category were not associated with prognosis.Cox proportional hazard regression model confirmed that the independent prognosis factors of tumor was T stage (EXP(B)=1.64,P＜0.05).Conclusions PC might not undermine cancer control in appropriately selected patients with MIBC.