Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most common and severe microvascular complications in diabetic patients and has become one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. With the continuous rise in the prevalence of diabetes, in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of DR and effective intervention measures is of great clinical significance. The mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR), as a protein kinase, is widely involved in cellular processes such as growth, metabolism, and autophagy. Research indicates that the mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial regulatory role in the pathological progression of DR, and its abnormal activity can disrupt retinal cell autophagy function, thereby accelerating cellular damage and disease progression. Autophagy, as an important regulatory mechanism for cellular homeostasis, maintains cellular functional balance by clearing damaged organelles and protein aggregates. This article provides a systematic review of the structural and functional aspects of the mTOR signaling pathway, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of autophagy, and their roles in retinal pathological changes. By summarizing current research findings, the article aims to clarify the key regulatory role of the mTOR-autophagy axis in DR, providing theoretical support for elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of DR and offering potential targets and research directions for developing novel targeted therapeutic strategies, thereby holding significant scientific and clinical value.

The Communist Party of China’s important expositions on Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in the New Era provide an in-depth interpretation of how to understand the value of TCM and how to promote its long-term development and innovation. These expositions are underpinned by a solid theoretical foundation， profound historical origins， and rich practical accumulation. Moreover， they not only demonstrate deep respect for China’s fine traditional culture but also convey earnest expectations for the future development of TCM. Serving as valuable ideological resources and a guide for action for TCM， these expositions contribute to advancing the globalization of TCM and leveraging Chinese wisdom to boost the development of the cause of human health.

This study aims to develop an abdominal acupoint localization system based on computer vision and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). To address the challenge of abdominal acupoint localization, a multi-task CNNs architecture was constructed and trained to locate the Shenque (CV8) and human body boundaries. Based on the identified Shenque (CV8), the system further deduces key characteristics of four acupoints: Shangwan (CV13), Qugu (CV2), and bilateral Daheng (SP15). An affine transformation matrix is applied to accurately map image coordinates to an acupoint template space, achieving precise localization of abdominal acupoints. Testing has verified that this system can accurately identify and locate abdominal acupoints in images. The development of this localization system provides technical support for TCM remote education, diagnostic assistance, and advanced TCM equipment, such as intelligent acupuncture robots, facilitating the standardization and intelligent advancement of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Deep Learning ; Abdomen/diagnostic imaging* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

In 1861, the missionary William Lockhart founded the Peking Hospital in Beijing. From 1861 to 1863, William Lockhart not only cured a large number of patients in the Peking Hospital but also introduced western surgical techniques, hygiene and disinfection concepts, and medical record management systems. During its operation, the Peking Hospital's unique value can be seen in its sources and modes of financing, scope of services, number of patients treated, and missionary functions. The Peking Hospital served as a vital bridge for the exchange of medical knowledge between the East and the West, and it played a pivotal role in transforming China's modern medical system and modern health concepts, exerting a profound influence on the development of modern medicine.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the common causes of visual impairment and blindness in adults, which is caused by various pathogenesis. Although the mechanism of DR has not been elucidated yet, the destruction of blood-retinal barrier is a key process. As a highly endothelial-specific factor in promoting the growth of vascular endothelial cell, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)plays a crucial role in the formation of pathological retinal neovascularization and the destruction of blood-retinal barrier. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of blood-retinal barrier damage promoted by VEGF is critical for exploring the pathogenesis of DR. In this study, the underlying relationship between VEGF and the mechanism of blood-retinal barrier damage, including retinal vascular endothelial cell permeability, vascular inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress, with a view to providing a reference for the study in VEGF in the pathogenesis of blood-retinal barrier damage in DR.

Strengthening the construction of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） discourse system for international audiences is necessary for enhancing cultural soft power， accelerating the construction of trade power， integrating into the global healthcare system， and realizing international scientific and technological dialogues.TCM not only garners widespread attention from the international community but also faces numerous challenges. The external discourse of TCM has fallen into difficulties， including blocked channels of expression， lack of a discourse subject， contextual segregation of discourse， and a narrative information flow deficit. Based on this， realistic approaches to breaking through dilemmas are proposed from four dimensions， that is， strengthening the construction of international standards for TCM to increase its recognition overseas， improving the development of international talent teams to enhance the visibility of TCM abroad， expanding the construction of the TCM service trade system to deepen its contribution overseas， and enhancing the efficacy of international communication of TCM to strengthen its reputation abroad.

The medical education model has undergone three transformations and is currently at the watershed of the fourth iteration.The intervention of artificial intelligence(AI)technology not only reshapes the medical model,but also has a significant impact on the medical education model,including ensuring that basic medical experiments are conducted safely and consistently,promoting the cultivation of students'diagnostic thinking ability,teaching according to their aptitude,cultivating personalized teaching plans,strengthening the humanistic care awareness of medical students,and promoting cooperation between clinical medicine and other social sciences.Meanwhile,medical AI also brings risks and challenges to teaching participants.Teachers and students need to strengthen communication,improve digital literacy,and ensure data security,while teachers need to encourage students to use technology reasonably and moderately,thus preventing them from getting lost in it.Medical colleges and universities need to maintain cooperation with various sectors of society,jointly face the ethical risks that have already arisen,and make up for the gaps in legal supervision.At the same time,the level of scientific and technological innovation should be strengthened,the talent training systems should be improved,and new talents who are in line with the direction of modern medical development should be cultivated.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the main causes of visual impairment in middle-aged and elderly people,and the incidence of this disease is rising in our country.The imbalance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main cause of nAMD.In addition,various growth factors other than VEGF,complement system activation,inflammatory factors,autophagy,and many other factors are involved in the pathogenesis of nAMD.Currently,intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has become the first-line regimen for the treatment of nAMD,but there are still many shortcomings of the current anti-VEGF drugs,such as multiple potential risks of frequent injections,insensitive responses in some patients,and low compliance of the patients,etc.Therefore,the search for novel therapeutic agents has become urgent.This article provides a review of new developments in the study of novel drugs newly marketed and undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of nAMD,with the aim of seeking longer-lasting and better-acting therapeutic regimens,as well as exploring new therapeutic targets,to further inform the advancement of innovation and development of therapeutic strategies for nAMD.