Objective To investigate the protective effects of Ginkgo Biloba leaves(EGb) preconditioning on liver graft in rat liver transplantation.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors and(recipients) of orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).The rats were randomly divided into EGb group,normal saline(NS) control group and sham operation(SO) group.The animals were killed at 2h,6h,24h after graft reperfusion.Plasma samples were collected for ALT and AST test.Liver tissues were collected to detect the expression of TNF-?mRNA and Bcl-2mRNA by RT-PCR.Also,liver tissues were used to detect rat(liver) histological change and apoptosis by TUNEL.Results The serum levels of ALT in EGb group were(significantly) lower than the NS group(P

Objective To learn the effects of family supportive supervisors on medical staff turnover intention. Methods The scales of family supportive supervisor behavior scales, work-family conflict scale and turnover intention scale were used in the study. The data were collected from a questionnaire survey of 214 army tertiary hospitals′ medical staff during October to December 2017. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to establish a model to understand the influence of family supportive supervisor behavior, two-way conflict between work and family, using the independent variables, on turnover intention of medical staff. Results The and family supportive supervisor behaviors had a negative explanation to medical staff turnover intention ( β = - 0. 211, P < 0. 01), work interference with family had a positive explanation to it (β = 0. 358, P < 0. 01), family interference with work had an obscure explanation to medical staff turnover intention (β = 0. 104, P > 0. 05). Work interference with family had a partially mediating effect which influenced family supportive supervisor behaviors on medical staff turnover intention. Conclusions Family supportive supervisor behavior, as an organizational support, can effectively alleviate the work interference on family for medical staff and thus minimize their turnover intention.

Objective Through factor analysis of the quantified syndrome information of 558 cases of kidney yang deficiency syndrome,the constructing feature of kidney yang deficiency syndrome was revealed,which provides clinical data support for the objectification,standardization and normalization of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome.Methods Firstly,the frequency analysis of symptoms,tongue and pulse signs of 558 patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was carried out,and then the main syndrome information of the patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was quantified.Finally,the common factors and their representative variables of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome were screened out through factor analysis,and the constructing feature of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was analyzed combined with TCM syndrome knowledge.Results Eight common factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 60.483%.After the factor rotation,the representative variables with the absolute value of load coefficient greater than 0.45 in each common factor were selected.The representative variables of F1 are afraid of cold and fond of warmth(0.947)and intolerance to cold(0.932).The representative variables of F2 are waist pain(0.754),waist and knee weakness(0.720)and cold in waist and knees(0.466).The representative variables of F3 are depression(0.749),insomnia(0.711)and diarrhoea(0.470).The representative variables of F4 are thin fur(0.819)and white fur(0.768).The representative variable of F5 are tinnitus and deafness(0.687),frequent nocturnal urination(0.591)and decreased libido(0.587).The representative variables of F6 are pulse sinking(0.766)and pulse weakness(0.736).The representative variables of F7 is thready pulse(0.942).The representative variable of F8 is pale tongue(0.961).External syndrome of disease location involved in these common factors are waist,bone,brain,ear,anterior Yin,posterior Yin and reproductive function.The disease nature involved in these common factors is deficiency and cold.Conclusion The basic constituent units of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome include disease location syndrome elements and disease nature syndrome elements.The disease location is kidney,and the abnormal changes of kidney location are mainly external symptoms of waist,bone,brain,ear,anterior Yin,posterior Yin and reproductive function.Its disease nature is deficiency and cold.Yang deficiency leads to external cold.Yang Qi deficiency can not warm the body surface resulting in the appearance of external cold syndrome.

ObjectiveTo study the correlations of the characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease （CKD） with clinical indicators and to explore the risk factors of kidney Yang deficiency in CKD. MethodThe differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome classified the 225 CKD patients who met the inclusion criteria into two groups： one group of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome （99 patients） and one group of non-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome （126 patients）. The symptoms， tongue manifestation， pulse manifestation， and accompanied symptoms of the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group were recorded. The syndrome characteristics were summarized by factor analysis and clustering analysis. The levels of hemoglobin, red blood cell count, urinary protein, urinary glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen and glomerular filtration rate were compared between the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group, the non-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group and the normal control group by ANOVA and non-parametric test. The binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the correlations of lifestyle， body mass index （BMI） with syndrome. ResultThe high-frequency symptoms of CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome were waist pain， fear of cold， favor of warm， lethargy， fear of cold at waist and knees， etc. The patients mainly presented deep pulse， thready pulse， or weak pulse， and the tongue with white coating， greasy coating， or thin coating. A total of 13 common factors were obtained， which can be classified into 5 categories. The patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome mainly had symptoms in limbs （especially lower limbs）， chest， bladder， fleshy exterior， and stomach， with the main manifestations of deficiency-cold， Qi deficiency， fluid retention， and blood stasis. The clustering analysis classified the patients into 11 categories， which reflected that kidney Yang deficiency syndrome mainly presented the symptoms of Qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention， with fleshy exterior， limbs， spleen， stomach， ears， mind， and bladder involved. The results of clustering analysis and factor analysis were consistent， both of which indicated that the patients were weak with deficiency-cold， accompanied by fluid retention and blood stasis. Frequency analysis also showed that common symptoms mainly included Qi deficiency， fluid retention， cold-dampness， and blood stasis. Compared with the non-kidney Yang deficiency group， the kidney Yang deficiency group showed a large proportion of patients in stage 3-5 CKD， elevated urea nitrogen （P<0.05）， decreased glomerular filtration rate， hemoglobin， and red blood cell count （P<0.05）， and increased qualitative grade of urine protein. In addition， the results of regression analysis showed that female， little or no exercise， and diet preference were the risk factors for kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe disease location and manifestations have correspondence in the CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. The TCM symptoms are correlated with clinical indicators. Hemoglobin， red blood cell count， glomerular filtration rate， urea nitrogen， and urine protein can reflect the connotation of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD to a certain extent. Additionally， related risk factors in life can affect the occurrence of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD.

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in different stages and time evolution of chronic kidney disease （CKD） to explore the evolution patterns of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD. MethodThe evidence information of 256 patients with CKD was collected from October 2020 to September 2022 according to relevant standards， and the "Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome Evaluation Scale for Chronic Kidney Disease" was developed. With SPSS Statistics 20.0， SPSS Modeler 18.0， Gephi 0.9.2， and R 4.2.1， the syndrome information of CKD patients at various stages and the syndrome changes after one year were statistically analyzed using complex network analysis， association rule analysis， probability transition matrix analysis， and chi-square test， and the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome of patients at various stages was comprehensively evaluated. ResultIn the CKD population， the proportion of females with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was higher than that of males （P<0.01）， and the proportion of people over 65 years old was higher than in people under 65 years old. The proportion of people with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome increased with the progression of kidney disease， and the proportion of Ⅳ-Ⅴ CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was higher than that of Ⅰ-Ⅱ CKD patients （P<0.01）. From Ⅰ CKD to Ⅴ CKD， the frequency of dull tongue continued to increase， and the frequency of enlarged tongue and tooth-marked tongue continued to increase after Ⅲ CKD. The frequency of thick coating and greasy coating ranked in the top 3 of frequency distribution in Ⅴ CKD. After Ⅲ CKD， the top 3 tongue characteristics were weak pulse， deep pulse， and thready pulse， all of which were characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. Complex network analysis of the tongue and pulse showed that the core tongue and pulse characteristics of patients with end-stage CKD were tooth-marked tongue with white coating and deep and thready pulse. The results of symptom frequency analysis and complex network analysis showed that aversion to cold and preference for warmth， weakness of the knees， and cold extremities were the top 3 symptoms in Ⅰ-Ⅲ CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome， and in Ⅳ-Ⅴ CKD， the manifestations of the syndrome of Yang deficiency and water diffusion， such as drowsiness and fatigue， edema， and frequent urination at night became characteristic symptoms. The scores of edema， pale complexion， soreness and weakness of the waist and knees， loose stools， and mental depression symptoms， as well as the total score of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome gradually increased with disease progression， with statistical differences between different stages of CKD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The frequency analysis of disease-related syndrome elements showed that the frequencies of Yang deficiency syndrome， phlegm-dampness syndrome， blood stasis syndrome， and turbidity-toxin syndrome gradually increased with disease progression， and there were statistically significant differences in the distribution between different stages of CKD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of complex network analysis showed that Yang deficiency syndrome was the core syndrome element throughout all stages of CKD and was the main syndrome element type of CKD， while phlegm-dampness syndrome， blood stasis syndrome， and turbidity-toxin syndrome were gradually revealed in the middle and late stages of CKD. In the CKD population with kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome， the distribution of phlegm-dampness syndrome， blood stasis syndrome， and turbidity-toxin syndrome as concurrent syndromes in different CKD stages had statistically significant differences （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The association rule analysis showed that as the disease progressed， associations between the concurrent syndromes， such as phlegm-dampness syndrome， blood stasis syndrome， turbidity-toxin syndrome， and fluid retention syndrome， and kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome were gradually enhanced. The comparison of the changes in CKD with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome within one year showed that the disease location was centered on the kidney and transmitted between the spleen， stomach， heart， and liver. There is a 23.81% probability of kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome transforming into Qi deficiency syndromes （Qi deficiency in the spleen and kidney， Qi deficiency in the liver， and Qi deficiency in the heart）， 23.79% into Yin deficiency syndromes （Yin deficiency in the liver and kidney， Qi and Yin deficiency， and Yin deficiency in the liver and stomach）， and 9.52% into dampness syndromes （phlegm-dampness internal obstruction and wind-dampness obstruction）. In contrast， 20% of spleen and kidney Qi deficiency syndrome transformed into kidney Yang deficiency syndrome， and 33.33% of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome transformed into kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. ConclusionAs Ⅰ CKD progresses to Ⅴ CKD， the severity of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome gradually increases， and the syndrome characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency become pronounced. Furthermore， the pathogenic factors， such as phlegm-dampness， blood stasis， and turbidity-toxin， gradually increase. With the change of time， kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD tends to evolve into syndromes related to Qi deficiency， Yin deficiency， and dampness. The discovery of these rules provides a theoretical basis and reference guidance for the treatment of CKD based on syndrome differentiation.