The nuclear DNA content of rat hepatocytes at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis was measured on cytologic smears using microspe-ctrophotometer at wavelength of 560 nm. A significant reduction in the ratio of tetraploid to diploid cells was induced by oral admimistration of 0.06% 3'-methyl-4,4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene(3'-Me-DAB)for 2 months.Those rats treated with 0.06% 3'-Me-DAB for 7 months had a permanently de- pressed ratio of tetraploid:diploid.The tumor cells at the early stage of carcinogenesis and the percancerous hepatocytes were diploid in pattern.We suggest that the selective outgrowth of diploid cell population would significantly increase the likelihood of developing further to- wards cancer.It might be an important marker of cell transformation.The DNA content and pathomorphology of hepatoma might objectively reflect its malignity.

The suspension of rat intact liver cells at different age or with liver regeneration was prepared. The isolated hepatocytes were smeared. The number of nuclei per cell was determined and the DNA content of each single nucleus was measured by a microspectrophotometer at a wavelength of 560nm. The transformation of the diploid population of hepatocytes in newborn animals into a practically exclusive polyploid took place during their postnatal growth. Analysis of rat hepatocytes undergoing liver regeneration following two-thirds partial hepatectomy revealed that there was an increase in tetraploid cells and a decrease in diploid and binuclear ones. The polyploidization appeared to be temporarily accelerated under the stimulus of proliferation.

The nuclear DNA contents and 13 morphometric paramet ers of hepatocytes in 67 humancases were measured by using an automated image analyser in normal liver, mild c hronic hepatitis, severe chronic hepatitis, micronodular cirrhosis, macronodular cirrhosis, perica rcinoma cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma． The results showed that the dif ference were statis tically significant among all the groups but between the group of severe chronic hepatitis and macro nodular cirrhosis to combine using two methods of morphometry. It may be significant for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various chronic liver diseases by determine morphometr ic parameters and the nuclear DNA contents of hepatocytes．

Purpose:To study the expression of P53 and its relationship with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and chronic liver diseases.Methods:HBsAg, HBcAg and P53 were detected by immunohistochemical staining and HBV DNA by in situ hybridization with total 98 cases of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, paratumor cirrhosis , HCC and normal liver tissue. Results:The positive rates of HBsAg, HBcAg and HBV DNA were 61.9%(13/21),42.9%(9/21) and 75.0%(12/16) in chronic hepatitis;64.0%(16/25),36.0%(9/25) and 83.3%(15/18) in liver cirrhosis; 72.7%(16/22),61.1%(11/18) and 85.7%(12/14) in the paratumor cirrhosis,as well as 45.2%(14/31),50.0%(14/28) and 64.3%(9/14) in HCC . The positive rate of P53 protein was 27.9%(12/43) in HCC. It was negative in the other groups.Conclusions:The expression of P53 occurs in the later stage of HCC .The infection of HBV is not related to the positive rate of P53 protein in HCC.

Objective To study the expressions of P57~(kip2) mRNA and genetic instability of P57~(kip2) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods In situ hybridization(ISH) was used to detect the expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA in HCC.MSI and LOH were detected by PCR-polyacrylamide gel electmphoresis-silver staining method.Results There was no expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA found in normal liver tissue.The expression rate of P57~(kip2) mRNA in both pericancerous cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was 26.7%(8/30).LOH was not identified in 30 cases on three microsatellite loeies;there were 2 microsatellite loeies showing MSI,the total rate of MSI was 16.7%.There was correlation found between the MSI of D11S1760 locies and the expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA(P＜0.05).Conclusion The disorder expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA indicated that P57~(kip2) might be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and prognosis.MSI may be one of the reasons that explains the disorder expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA in hepatocarcinogenesis and prognosis.

To explore the teaching model on bilingual teaching in the undergraduate course of basic medical science of medical universities,we carried out the different models of bilingual teaching in the courses of physical chemistry,pathology and physiology.Moreover,the investigation and assessment of bilingual teaching were made.The results showed that bilingual teaching of basic medical science should be carried out step by step and with programming and different modes.

An experiment of applying bilingual teaching to the course of pathology on the sophomores (students in Grade 2002) was carried out in our department in April 2004. This paper will research the feasibility and necessity of the methodology,ponder the problems in the course of teaching and put forward some suggestions in order to conduct bilingual teaching smoothly on the basis of practice and theory.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, progressive, intrahepatic cholestasis disease. Its occurrence and development are accompanied by changes in the titer of autoantibodies. However, its pathogenesis, extent of autoantibody changes and their effects are not yet fully understood. Therefore, there is a lack of effective methods for early diagnosis of PBC in patients. Finding specific PBC autoantibody markers will greatly improve the diagnostic efficiency and save early treatment time, thereby improving therapeutic effect and prognosis. This article summarizes several PBC-related serum autoantibody markers.