Objective To analyze the differentially expressed proteomics on T lymphocyte in mice immunized with 14‐3‐3 recom‐bined vaccine and injected with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) .Methods Mice immunized with 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine were separated in the experiment group and those injected with PBS were selected in the control group .Two weeks after immunization with 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine ,total protein of T lymphocyte isolated from the two groups was collected and separated by using the two dimensional electrophoresis(2‐DE) .The differentially expressed proteomics were compared .Results The 2‐DE map shown 11 differentially expressed protein plots ,including 7 protein plots spotted in the 2‐DE map of T lymphocyte from 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine immunized‐mice and 4 protein plots spotted in the 2‐DE map of T lymphocyte from PBS injected‐mice .Conclusion There are differentially expressed proteomics of T lymphocyte in PBS injected‐mice and 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine immunized‐mice ,which could contribute to clarifing the mechanism on protective immunity of 14‐3‐3 recombined vaccine and optimizing vaccine strategy for improving vaccine effect .

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 in mice immunized with Eg14-3-3 and then challenged by Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces.Methods ICR mice were subcutaneously immunized every two weeks for altogether three times with rEg14-3-3, followed by the challenge with Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces intraperitoneally four weeks after the third immunization.The PBS control group mice were operated in the same way.We collected mouse serum from tail vessel at different time points after immunization and challenge.The serum levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The levels of the six cytokines were higher after immunization and challenge infection in rEg14-3-3 group than in PBS control group.The immunized mice generated a great deal of Th1 cells, namely, IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α, after immunization and showed a peak at week 10 (acute infection phase), then the level decreased rapidly at week 30 (chronic infection phase), and maintained a high level for a long time.In contrast, Th2 cells like IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 kept a low level until week 18, peaked at week 30, and then decreased gradually but maintained a relatively high level for a long time.For PBS control group, IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α did not increase obviously before infection, but increased rapidly after challenge infection and peaked at week 18;then the level decreased gradually and maintained a high level for a long time.On the other hand, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 kept a low level, but increased gradually after challenge infection.IL-4 peaked at week 18 while IL-5 and IL-10 peaked at week 30, and then they all decreased slowly but maintained a relatively high level for a long time.Conclusion Eg14-3-3 can induce significant antibody response by Th2 cells and cell-mediated immunity response by Th1 cells.Both Th1 and Th2 cells participate in the anti-echinococcusis protective immunity.

Objective To analyse the secondary structure of glutathions S-transferase of Echinoccocus granulosus(EgGST)and predict the B cell and T cell epitopes with informatics tools,in order to provide basic data and references for the following design of epitope vaccine.Methods The B cell and T cell epitopes of EgGST were predicted by DNAstar,Biosun software and Propred MHC class-Ⅱ Binding Peptide Prediction Server software.Results Many distinct antigenic epitopes of EgGST were identified by comput-er,there existed 8 B cell epitopes and 7 T cell epitopes.Conclusion Analysis of predicted epitopes of EgGST antigenic might be sig-nificant for future research of epitope vaccine.

Objective Evaluation of cerebral blood flow in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) using cerebral CT perfusion imaging.Methods CT perfusion scan was performed on a consecutive series of 20 patients with clinical definite TIA.Following their initial CT scan at acute stage of TIA, patients underwent two repeat CT perfusion scanning of region of interest at acute stage and one month after symptom remission.Results Mild to moderate decrease in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and unchanged or mildly decrease in regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were observed at acute stage in the majority cases.Normal cerebral perfusion was found in 12 cases and mild to moderate decrease of rCBF in 8 cases one month after TIA.During the one-year follow-up period, all of 12 cases with normal cerebral perfusion did not have recurrence while among 8 cases with mild to moderate decrease of rCBF at initial scan, 6 cases had recurrent TIA or cerebral infarction and 2 cases did not have recurrence.Patients with more severe cerebral perfusion defects usually had a shorter interval time between two attacks.Conclusions Intensive intervention should be performed on patients with severe and long lasting decrease of cerebral perfusion.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin on the expressions of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and fibronectin in the kidney of ApoE gene knockout mice.

METHODSEight-week-old male ApoE gene knockout mice were randomly divided into sitagliptin + apoE(-/-) group and apoE(-/-) group (n=6), with 6 C57BL mice as the normal control group. After feeding with high-fat diet and drug treatment for 16 weeks, the mice underwent intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and were measured for 24-h urinary albumin using ELISA. All the mice were then sacrificed to examine the changes of blood lipid profile and for detection of Egr-1 and fibronectin mRNA and proteins in the renal tissue using real-time PCR and Western blotting.

RESULTSThe mice in both apoE(-/-) group and sitagliptin+apoE(-/-) group all showed prominently increased blood lipids as compared with the control group (P<0.05) without significant differences between the two apoE(-/-) groups. The level of HDL was significantly higher in sitagliptin +apoE(-/-) group than in apoE(-/-) group (P<0.001) and control group (P<0.001). IPGTT showed no significant differences in the levels of blood glucose among the 3 groups. The excretion of urinary albumin was increased in apoE(-/-) group compared with the control group (P<0.01), but was significantly lower in sitagliptin+ apoE(-/-) group than in apoE(-/-) group (P<0.01). Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expressions of renal cortical Egr-1 and fibronectin in sitagliptin+apoE(-/-) group compared with apoE(-/-) group.

CONCLUSIONSitagliptin can reduce the renal expression of fibronectin by regulating the expression of Egr-1 to achieve renal protection.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sitagliptin Phosphate ; pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the correlation between asymmetrically prominent cortical veins (APCV) on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:From October 2016 to September 2018, patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, Donghua Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled retrospectively. They completed MRI within 3 d of onset. APCV was evaluated using SWI. END was defined as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NHISS) score at any time point within 7 d after the onset increased by ≥2 or the motor function item score increased by ≥1 from baseline. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent correlation between APCV and END. Results:A total of 133 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled, including 40 females and 93 males, with a median age of 57.3 years (interquartile range: 47.5-67.5 years). Baseline NIHSS score was 5.9±5.0. Fifty-one (38.3%) patients had APCV, and 38 (28.6%) had END. The proportions of APCV, ipsilateral large vessel stenosis, and patients receiving anticoagulation after admission were significantly different between the END group and the non-END group ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and gender, APCV was an independent risk factor for END in patients with acute ischemic stroke (odds ratio 6.907, 95% confidence interval 2.798-17.052; P<0.001). Conclusions:APCV on SWI was an independent risk factor for END in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND:Inhibitory control and drug craving are the core elements of evaluating drug withdrawal in methamphetamine addicts,which has attracted much attention in academic circles.As we all know,in order to achieve complete abstinence from drug addiction,the key is to restore the damaged inhibition and control function of drug addicts and effectively reduce the craving for drugs. OBJECTIVE:To systematically analyze the relationship between exercise and methamphetamine abstinence inhibitory control and drug craving,to find out an effective exercise intervention scheme that can promote methamphetamine abstinence,and to further explore the internal mechanism of exercise,in order to provide theoretical support and applied reference for the future use of exercise in drug withdrawal. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,VIP,Web of Science,and PubMed databases were searched for relevant literature using the keywords of"exercise,physical activity,methamphetamine,inhibitory function,craving,addiction"in Chinese and"sport*,exercise,methamphetamine,drug craving,executive function,addiction"in English.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,86 documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In terms of inhibitory control in methamphetamine abstinent individuals,either acute and long-term moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or acute high-intensity interval training can significantly improve the inhibitory control capacity of methamphetamine abstinent individuals.For long-term aerobic exercise,aerobic group exercise or full-body comprehensive exercise is more effective.If the exercise format is power cycling,it is recommended to increase the frequency of exercise intervention.In terms of the drug craving intensity in methamphetamine abstinent individuals,acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and resistance training,as well as long-term moderate-intensity,high-intensity,or progressive load aerobic and resistance training,can effectively reduce the drug craving in methamphetamine abstinent individuals.Exercise exerts intrinsic regulatory effects on methamphetamine-mediated addiction.Exercise can influence the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain's ventral tegmental area,thereby stimulating the expression of dopamine receptor coupling proteins and promoting dopamine synthesis in the brain's reward regions,thereby compensating for dopamine depletion caused by methamphetamine addiction.Furthermore,exercise can also regulate protein kinase A inhibitors,affecting the protein kinase A signaling pathway mediated by dopamine D1 receptors,by inhibiting protein kinase A,thus affecting cAMP response element-binding protein and regulating methamphetamine addiction.Additionally,exercise can also,at the genetic level,affect the expression of the c-fos gene in the brain's nucleus accumbens region,activate a subset of glutamatergic neurons in this area,generate a rewarding effect,and thus improve methamphetamine addiction.Although current research has confirmed the relationship between exercise and methamphetamine addiction and has clarified the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise,whether there are other brain regulatory pathways for the effects of exercise remains to be explored through more scientifically rigorous animal or human experiments,starting from the cellular or molecular level.