Objective To evaluate the feasibility of MR PWI in judging maturity and variability of tumor vasculature in gliomas in rats.Methods Twenty male SD rats were randomly assigned to tumor group and control group.Four weeks after implantation of C6 glioma cells in the brains of tumor group and injection of saline in the brains of control group,all rats were examined using MR PWI before and after inhalation of a mixture of 10% CO2 and 90%air.PaCO2 and blood pH values of rats were monitored.Relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV)and relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)values of tumors and normal brain tissue were measured.Brain sample were examined histologically using HE and immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin(SMA).The histological features of gliomas were observed and SMA positively stained vessels of each tumor were counted manually using a light microscope.Perfusion data and pathological findings were analyzed statistically with SPSS for Windows.Results PaCO2 increased significantly[from(4.69±0.62)kPa to(7.62±0.81)kPa in tumor group and from(4.67±0.51)kPa to(7.63±0.78)kPa in control group,P＜0.05)after inhalation of the mixed gas.The rCBV and rCBF values of tumor core were remarkably greater than those of normal contralateral brain tissue.The increasing rate of rCBV and rCBF values in gliomas[(26±17)%and(26±18)%respectively]were significantly less than those in normal brain tissue[(90±32)%and(45±14)%repectively](t=5.05 and 2.355,P＜0.05)Immunohistochemical staining of 10 tumors as well as contralateral brain tissue all demonstrated positive SMA expression in the smooth muscles of the vessels.The vascular walls of positive SMA labeled vessels within tumors were thinner and their vascular lumen wider than those within normal brain tissues.The number of SMA(+)vessels in tumors[(6.7±2.8)/HP]was statistically less than that in contralateral brain tissue[(12.7±2.8)/HP](t=1.86,P＜0.01).Changing rate of rCBV,rCBF of the tumor cores and number of the positive SMA labeled vessels showed no correlation(r=0.504 and 0.607,P＞0.05),while changing rate of rCBV,rCBF in normal brain tissue correlated well with number of positive SMA labeled vessels(r=0.721 and 0.525,P＜0.05).Conclusion PWI can detect the hemodynamic change induced by PaCO2 increase in the normal brain and in the tumor.It may be a useful technique to measure maturity of tumor vessels.

Objective To analyses the CT misdiagnostic causes of gallbladder carcinoma, in order to improve the diagnostic rate.Methods Fourty-three patients with the gallbladder carcinoma proved histologically were examined by computed tomography (CT), twenty-three of them were misdiagnosed.The misdiagnostic causes were analysed and compared CT images with operation.Results In the cases of misdiagnosis they were diagnosed as acute or chronic cholecystitis in 5; polyp in 1; bile duct carcinoma in porta hepatis in 2; cholangiocarcinoma in 1; neoplasm of distal part of common bile duct or ampulla in 3; carcinoma of head of pancreas in 5;cholangitis in 1; jaundice of obstruction in 2;tumefaction of gallbladder in 2;carcinoma of colon in 1. Conclusion To be aware of CT characters of gallbladder carcinoma and the way of metastasis is useful to avoid misdiagnosis of the gallbladder carcinoma and to improve the diagnostic rate.

Objective To study the multi-detector spiral CT (MDCT) features of pancreatic tuberculosis to improve the awareness and correct diagnosis. Methods Imaging features of MDCT were retrospectively reviewed on 9 cases with pancreatic tuberculosis that were diagnosed from 2003 to 2009, among them two patients underwent MDCT angiography, the features were compared with those of operative and pathological findings. Results One case of pancreatic cancer, 2 cases of cystadenocarcinoma and 1 case of pseudocyst, 2 cases of pancreatic cancer with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, 2 cases of lymphoma were diagnosed by MDCT, and all the lesions were diagnosed as pancreatic tuberculosis pathologically, and the misdiagnosis rate was 100%. Pancreatic tuberculosis often presented as pancreatic head mass, sometimes pancreatic body and tail were involved. MDCT showed isopycnic or low density solid-cyst mass, occasionally calcification was present, with slightly or moderate ring-like enhancement after contrast injection. There was no enlargement of the pancreatic duct. The retroperitoneal and adjacent lymph nodes were always enlarged with ring-like enhancement. Sometimes there was evidence of tuberculosis of other abdominal organs. Conclusions Ring-like enhanced lesions with ring-like enhanced lymph nodes without enlargement of pancreatic duct are characteristic MDCT features of pancreatic tuberculosis.

Objective To study the imaging features and the cause of the cystic meningiomas so as to avoid the misdiagnosis and improve the understanding and knowledge. Methods CT and MRI features in 27 pathologically proved cystic meningiomas were analyzed. There were 10 men and 17 women, and the age ranged from 16 to 80 years with the average age of 49 years. Twenty-six patients were examined by using MRI (24 with enhanced scan), and 15 patients by CT (seven with enhanced scan). 15 patients were examined by both CT and MRI. The image features were analyzed according to Nauta and were compared with operative and pathological findings. Results The cystic meningiomas were mostly epithelial type, but fibrous type, angiomatous type, or papillary type may also be seen. Mostly, the locations were cerebral convexity, but tumors of the tentorium, alisphenoid, olfactory groove, and skull base were also seen. And all were sessile. On imaging, most tumors were parenchymatous with cystic parts, and marked enhancement of the parenchymatous part could be seen. Some were entirely cystic with parenchymatous nodule, the nodule enhanced markedly and the wall of the cyst may be or not be enhanced. Of the 27 cases, four cases were NautaⅠ, seven cases were NautaⅡ, one case was Nauta Ⅲ, and ten cases were Nauta Ⅳ. Three were both Nauta Ⅱand Ⅲ in 3 cases, Nauta Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ in 1 and both Nauta Ⅲ and Ⅳ in 1, respectively. Conclusion The cystic meningiomas have characteristic imaging features. CT and MRI, especially MRI, are valuable in the diagnosis.

Objective To study the imaging features of the ventricular meningioma, in order to improve the understanding knowledge. Methods Compared with operative and pathological findings,the CT and MRI features of ventricular meningioma were analyzed in 22 patients (8 males and 14 females,range from 17~72 years old with average age 45 years).21 cases were examined by MRI(17 with enhanced scan),11 cases by CT(4 with enhanced scan).Results The ventricular meningioma were mostly fibrous type. Mostly, the locations were in the trigone of the lateral ventricle with regular shape. On imaging, the most were parenchymatous with markedly enhancement. Calcification may be found, but cystic changes and hemorrhage were very rare.Conclusion The ventricular meningiomas have characteristic imaging features. CT and MRI are valuable in diagnosis, especially MRI.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-frequency electric dissection for colorectal cysts.Methods The personal information,clinical data,operation methods and postoperative complications of patients who were diagnosed as having colorectal cysts and underwent high-frequency electric dissection in Nanfang hospital and Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University between January 1st,2005 and July 1st,2015 were analysed.All patients enrolled in the study were followed up to obtain their resuits of colonoscopy.Results A total of 63 patients were enrolled into our study,9 lesions located in the ileocecus,17 in the ascending colon,19 in the transverse colon,10 in the descending colon,7 in the sigmoid colon and 1 in the rectum.The maximum diameter of the cysts was 20.2+7.5 mm (5-40 mm).All patients underwent high-frequency electric dissection to remove the cysts completely or part of the cyst wall for drainage.Hemorrhage occurred in only one patient and bleeding stopped after being clipped by Titanium clip.Forty-five patients were followed up and there were no delayed complications or recurrence during a postoperative follow-up of 24.1 + 14.3 months (6-87 months).Conclusion High-frequency electric dissection is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of colorectal cysts.

Objectlve To investigate the inhibition of Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)infection in cardiac myocytes cultured by small interfering RNA(siRNA)-mediated RNA interference and to evaluate the feasibility of siRNA as the prophylaxis and therapy for CVB3 infection.Methods Cardiac myocytes were prepared in vitro and infected with CVB3,and transfected with siRNA by lipofectamin and electroporation.The numbers of beating cardiac myocytes were counted under the microscope.Neutral red staining was used to evaluate the mortality of cardiac myocytes.Antiviral activities of these siRNAs were estimated by observing cytopathic effect(CPE),plaque reduction assay,Western blot assay and RT-PCR.Results siRNA-3753,which aimed at sequence in 2B section of CVB3 genome,displayed a stronger inhibition of CVB3 infection through screening in HeLa cells,siRNA-3753,chosen to transfect cultured neonatal mice cardiac myocytes,Wag observed to keep a good states of growing and beating at 24 h after CVB3 infection.Whereas the cytopathic signature of controlled cells became stopping beating,round and finally the cell fell off the culture plate.The results showed that siRNA-3753 could protect cells significantly,98.1%inhibition of CVB3 replication with electroporation transfection and 78.2%inhibition of CVB3 with liposome transfection.Transfection efficiencies were 56.0 3%and 9.0%by electroporation and lipofectamin,respectively.Conclusion siRNA,which aims at sequence in 2B section of CVB3 genome,can inhibit CVB3 infection in cultured cardiac myocytes.

This article reports the experience of treatment of 30 cases of temporal epilepsy with surgery. There were 15 male patients and 15 female. The duration of the disease ranged from 5 to 37 years with an average of 13.6 years. 12 patients suffered from grand and petite mal, 8 Jacksonian accompanied by psychomotor epilepsy, and 10 grand mal. Before the operation, the focus with sporadic spikes was found in the temporal lobe with electroencephalogram. Operation: the temporal pole and the medi-basal region were removed in 9 cases, anterior portion of the temporal nesiolobe in 10 cases, temporal neocortical of the temporal lobe in 6 cases, dorsolateral and laterobasal parts in 5 cases. Organic pathological changes were confirmed in all cases by pathological examination. Clinical result of all cases was satisfactory, with an effective rate of 93%. The clinical and pathological changes of epilepsy and efficacy of the treatment are discussed. It is stressed that the localization of the focus of epilepsy depe nds mainly on electroencephalogram. It is very important to look for sporadic spikes using cortical electrode during operation, and complete eradication of the focus is the key to achieve a good treatment effect.

We report the prenatal diagnosis and treatment of a case of primary right pulmonary deficiency. A routine ultrasound examination at 23 +6 weeks of gestation found an absent right lung, enlarged left lung, and dextroposition of the heart in a female fetus. Karyotype and chromosome microarray analysis of the amniotic fluid was normal. After multidisciplinary consultation, the pregnant woman chose to continue the pregnancy and had a normal delivery at 39 +2 gestational weeks. Apgar scores were ten at both 1 min and 5 min after birth, with no abnormal appearance of the baby, or signs of thoracic collapse other than no obvious respiratory sounds in the right lung. Both postnatal chest X-ray and CT scan indicated an undeveloped right lung. Cardiac ultrasonography revealed the absence of the right pulmonary artery and vein. The patient's breathing was stable during hospitalization and she was discharged eight days after birth. The infant was followed up at five months, and the growth and development were comparable to children of the same age.

Infective endocarditis is a serious cardiovascular infectious diseases,neoplasm abscission often leading to organs embolism,such as brain,lung and kidney embolism.And then it usually leads organ failure,which is a fatal disease that seriously affect the life quality of patients,even death.The conventional view is that infective endocarditis often requires early anti infection treatment and surgical procedures after the treatment is ineffective.By reviewing the relevant literature,we found that the surgical treatment of infective endocarditis is effective.Early diagnosis,early regular course of anti infection treatment and early surgery can often improve the prognosis of patients.