Objective To observe the electrophysiological and morphological features of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats, and investigate its effect on the visual signal conduction. Methods Whole cell recordings were obtained from 112 RGCs of 30 rats at the age of 7-30 days. Resting membrane potential (RMP) was recorded, and input impedance was noted after given 2 mV hyperpolarizing current by voltage clamp. The action potential (AP) was induced by deplorizing current at different densities. The histological staining was actualized by injecting with biotin into the RGCs, and the diameter of the cells was measured. Results Three different discharge patterns of RGCs in response to maintained depolarizing currents were recorded: single spike (25 RGCs), transient firing (40 RGCs), and sustained firing (47 RGCs). The diameter was 14-16 ?m in 57.14% transient firing RGCs, and 10-12 ?m in 62.50% sustained firing RGCs. The maximum frequency of AP of sustained firing RGCs was significantly higher than that of transient firing RGCs (P

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of the reduced glutathione against hepatic lesion induced by antituberculotic agents.METHODS:A total of 226 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing short- course chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive antituberculotic agents plus reduced glutathione throughout the course(treatment group,n = 114 cases) or to receive Inosine plus Glucurolactone(control group,n = 112).The patients were followed for 3～6 months with the incidence of hepatic lesion compared between the two groups.RESULTS:There were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in the incidence of hepatic lesion,6 cases(5.3%) in treatment group vs.29 cases (25.9%) in the control group(P

[Objective]To evaluate the accuracy and influenceing factors of somatosensory evoked potential in spinal cord monitoring during cervical and thoracic spinal surgery and intraoperative nerve root monitoring in lumbar surgery.[Method]The somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) were used during arvical and thoracic spinal surgery and evaluated the accuracy of SEP according to the record of different stages and spinal cord function after surgery.The EMG were used to monitor the nerve root function in lumber operation to estimate whether nerve root being stimulated or tensioned.In addition,affected fators of SEP and EMG during operation were observed.[Result]Of 128 cases of cervical and thoracic surgery,116 cases did not reach the warning standards(amplitude decreasing 50% or diappearing) and showed no postoperative enhancement of symptom of nerve roots injury.12 cases reached the warning standards intraoperatively and the surgeon were warned to take some steps to finish the operations,only in one case incompletely transient paralysis occurred due to the time of amplitude decreasing of intraoperative SEP more than 10 minutes.Effect of other factors such as anaesthesia and low blood pressure did not reach the warning standards.There were 3 artifical negative cases.Only 1 was artifical positive case.of 40 cases of lumbar surgery,12 cases were found myoelectic responses,which warning the surgeon at any time to avoid nerve roots injury,no nerve roots injury were found after operation.[Conclusion]During cervical and thoracic spinal operation,the somatosensory evoked potential can reflect the physiological and pathological conditions of spinal cord after ruling out the interfering factors.Intraoperative spontaneous electromyography can reflect the nerve roots function promptly and accurately and assure the safety of lumbar surgery.

Objective To study the membrane properties of rat retinal ganglion cells during postnatal development, including the passive membrane properties and the action potentials evoked by depolarizing current injections and the relationship between the membrane properties and ages. Methods Whole cell patch clamp recordings of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in retinal slices of postnatal rats (age ranging from postnatal days 7 to 30) were performed. Results (1) A total of 112 RGCs were recorded from postnatal rats. (2) The electrophysiological properties of RGCs changed significantly during development. The excitability of RGCs increased in an age-dependent manner. There was significant difference between before-eye-opening group(P7-13d) and after-eye-opening group(P14-30d) . (3) Three different discharge patterns of RGCs in response to sustained depolarizing current pulses were recorded: single-spike firing, transient firing and sustained firing. During development, retinal ganglion cells of rats exhibited pronounced changes in the discharge patterns(P

Objective To investigate the electrophysiological properties of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) in Long Evans rats during different postnatal developmental stages so as to explore the intracellular mechanism of retinal neuron maturation. Methods Whole cell patch clamp recordings of RGCs in acute retinal slices of Long Evans rats (postnatal days 3 to 31) were performed. Depolarizing current pulses of different densities were inflicted on RGCs to evoke action potentials(AP) . Results A total of 94 RGCs, single spike cells, transient and sustained cells, were acquired in 33 rats. The proportion of the three types of TGCs was different. There was significant difference in electrophysiological properties. Conclusion During the period of postnatal development, gradually matured electrophysiological properties of RGCs and differences in amplitudes and frequencies of AP suggest that different types of RGCs may play different roles in coding and transmitting spatial and temporal information.

Objective To investigate whether the combination of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) with hemoperfusion (HP) could improve the left ventricular structure and function of MHD patients with resistant hypertension. Methods This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. 65 MHD patients with resistant hypertension of our hospital were enrolled and then randomly divided into Group HD+HP and Group HD. The follow-up study was 12 months. The major outcome measures were related to the cardiac structure and function, and the serum inflammatory factors. Results No statistical differences of related factors such as blood pressure and cardiac function was observed in HD group. The serum concentration of inflammatory factors was higher after one-year HD treatment alone. But the serum concentration of inflammatory related factors , blood pressure, cardiac function and related indexes were lower in HD + HP than in Group HD (P < 0.05);HD + HP group had higher ejection fraction (EF) and SV, which demonstrated the improved cardiac function (P < 0.05). Conclusions HD + HP was superior to HD in the treatment in alleviating cardiac after-load and improving the left ventricular structure and function of MHD patients with resistance hypertension.

BACKGROUND:Skin grafting is crucial for patients with deep burns, but limited source of autologous skin grafts is an existing difficulty.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of xenogeneic (porcine) acelular dermal matrix in the treatment of deep burn wounds and the feasibility of its application.
METHODS:Forty-one patients with deep burn were divided into two groups according to the intention of the patients, 21 cases in control group and 20 cases in observational group, folowed by autologous split-thickness skin grafting alone or combined with different (porcine) acelular dermal matrix, respectively. After 12 months of folow-up, the graft success rate at postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks and skin graft contraction rate and wound repair at postoperative 3, 6, 9, 12 months were observed and compared between two groups. Moreover, levels of inflammatory factors were detected and compared between two groups at postoperative 1, 2, 3 months.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The skin graft success rates showed no difference between two groups at postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks (P > 0.05). The skin graft contraction rates also showed no difference between two groups at postoperative 3, 6, 9, 12 months (P > 0.05). After 12 months of folow-up, no serious scar hyperplasia, but soft texture appeared in the control group. In the observational group, three cases presented with local pigmentation at the early stage, but it gradualy subsided with time; no obvious scar, but only smal, point-like scar, was visible, and the repaired wound exhibited soft touch. No adverse events and death occurred in both two groups. Experimental results show that the treatment of deep burns with autologous split-thickness skin grafting combined with xenogeneic (porcine) acelular dermal matrix is safe and effective, which can improve the quality of wound healing.

Objective: Introduce and briefly describe the status, characteristics, and writing ideas of general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition, providing reference and suggestions for better understanding and implementation of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition.
Methods:This article elaborates on the content and revision of general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition from the perspective of frame structure and main contents.
Results:Compared with other pharmacopoeias of various countries, Chinese Pharmacopoeia includes standards for traditional Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, biological products and excipients, pharmaceutical packaging materials, etc. Each section of Chinese Pharmacopoeia has its own general notice, with 34 to 48 items arranged in 11 to 12 chapters. Depending on the type of products included and the development history, the general notice in each section present differences in format and content. Given the importance and significance of the standards in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, it is necessary for the industry to coordinate and unify the general notice in various parts of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. With the introduction and revision of regulations, changes in the content of pharmacopoeias, and the application of new technologies, methods, and concepts in drug quality control, considering the unique characteristics of various drugs in quality control and supervision, Chinese Pharmacopoeia has comprehensively standardized relevant requirements. While taking into account the characteristics of the first, second, third, and fourth parts of the pharmacopoeia, it retains the characteristics of relative uniformity and the content of each part, achieving the unified standardization of the general rules of each general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition and the coordination and consistency of common content.
Conclusion: The current version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia has undergone significant changes and improvements in both form and content. By introducing the overall situation and revised content of general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition, pharmacopoeia users can have a deeper understanding of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and use it correctly.

Objective To explore the clinical and histopathological features of metanephric adenoma (MA). MethodsClinical and pathological data of 10 cases of MA were analyzed retrospectively.There were 4 males and 6 females,aged from 33 to 65 years,with an average of 45 years.2 patients had flank pain,4 patients had gross hematuria,and 4 patients were found by physical examination.The average diameter of tumor was 4.5 cm (2.5 - 8.0 cm).All patients were diagnosed as renal tumor by CT scan.9 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and 1 patient underwent partial nephrectomy. Results Pathological examination found that the tumors are composed of densely packed small uniform cells with regular nuclei that formed a tubular or adenoid pattern.Mitotic figures were absent or rare.4 patients were diagnosed as MA,2 cases were diagnosed as low-grade malignant MA,and 4 cases were diagnosed as MA with malignant component (2 cases of adenocarcinoma,1 case of chromophobe cell carcinoma,and 1 case of well differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma),7 cases were followed up for 22 months ( 10 to 34 months) without recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions MA is very rare benign renal tumor originating from epithelium,and a few are malignant,and some may contain malignant ingredients.Nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy are eligible for the treatment of MA.Considering the uncertainty of the biological behavior and cellular origin of MA,a long-term follow-up is necessary.

Objective To summarize the pathological and imaging features and treatment of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst.Methods The clinical data of 2 cases treated from October 2001 to November 2009 were summarized.The first patient was a 55-year-old woman with the chief complaint of lumbago in the left flank for 10 d.B-ultrasound showed mixed solid and cystic mass in spleen space with a diameter of 3.9 cm with thin wall and without rich blood supply.CT showed the lesion in the left adrenal gland region measured about 4 cm ×4 cm with low density with CT value of 10 HU,and enhanced scan was not obvious with CT value of 20 HU.It was diagnosed as left adrenal tumor and tumor resection was performed.The second case was a 17-year-old young man with the chief complaint of gross hematuria for 3 weeks after strenuous exercise.Ultrasonography found a 8.4 cm × 7.7 cm × 9.0 cm anechoic area surrounding the bladder.CT showed about 9.0 cm × 7.2 cm × 9.0 cm cystic lesion with thin wall,and the center density was uniformity in presacral space with CT value of8 HU.IVU showed visible semi-circular lower edge on the right edge of the bladder.The patient was diagnosed of presacral cyst and cystectomy was performed successfully.Results The pathology report of the first case:organizing wall with fibrous connective tissue,with most of the lining overlying pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium,goblet cells and subepithelial basement membrane.Pathological diagnosis was bronchogenic cyst,and the patient was followed up for 9 months without recurrence.The pathology report of the second case:pathological tissue fibers false wall tissue lining ciliated columnar epithelium,goblet cells seen in epithelium,fibrous tissue in the visible structure of mixed glands,a small amount of cartilage and muscle tissue.The diagnosis was bronchogenic cyst,and the patient was followed up for 2 years without recurrence.Conclusions Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst is rare and easily misdiagnosed.Radiology imaging can identify cystic features,while a few may be with high density without specificity.Surgical removal of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst with symptoms has good prognosis and may prevent malignant transformation and secondary infection.