Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest incidence rate and mortality in the world today. Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of lung cancer, its 5-year survival rate is still very low. Ferroptosis is a cell death mode characterized by an increase in intracellular free iron, lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. More and more evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer, and exploring the mechanism of ferroptosis in lung cancer is of great significance for finding new diagnostic and treatment methods for lung cancer. This article reviews the regulatory mechanism of cell ferroptosis and its role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer, with the aim of providing new directions and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Objective To explore the medication rules and mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine compound patent formulas for vitiligo,and provide ideas for the development and the patent declaration work of new Chinese medicines for vitiligo.Methods China Patent Publication Bulletin website,National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Patent Information Service Platform of China Intellectual Property Right Net(CNIPR),and Baiten Patent Platform were used to search for the patents of traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas for vitiligo from the establishment of the databases to 30th September,2023.Excel software and Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform(TCMICS V3.0)were used to establish a database of compound formulas,and carry out the statistics of frequency,association rules and clustering analysis of the formulas for internal and external prescriptions.The target and mechanism of action of the internal prescriptions of core high-frequency Traditional Chinese Medicine group for the treatment of vitiligo were further explored by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),Symptom Mapping(Symmap),The Human Gene Database(Genecards),UniversalProtein(UniProt),STRING,Pharmaceutical DataBase(PDB)and other databases as well as software such as R Studio 4.2.2 and Cytoscape 3.9.1,and AutoDock Vina was used for molecular docking validation.Results The internal formulas included 335 patents and the external formulas included 189 patents.The rules of internal and external use are similar.The high-frequency traditional Chinese medicines are Tribuli Fructus,Psoraleae Fructus,Angelicae sinensis,Radix Polygoni Multiflori,Carthami Flos,Angelica dahurica,etc.;the key efficacies of the medicines are based on tonifying the deficiency,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis;and the properties of the Chinese medicines are the nature of warmth,coldness and flatness,sweetness,bitterness,pungency and attribution to the liver,the spleen,the heart and the kidneys.Commonly used oral medicine pairs are Chuanxiong rhizome-Angelica,Astragalus-Angelica,etc.,high-frequency pairs of external medicines are Fructus mume-Psoraleae fructus,cuscuta-Psoraleae fructus,etc.;internal and external clustering of the core drugs are Psoraleae fructus,Tribuli Fructus,Angelica,Polygonum multiflorum,Angelica dahurica,Safflower,and other high-frequency medicines.The key targets of internal patents for the treatment of vitiligo are genes such as albumin,protein kinase B1,cystatinase 3,etc.The main active ingredients of the internal grouping for the treatment of vitiligo may be quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,etc.,and the therapeutic mechanism may be related to the end products of glycosylation/receptor for glycosylation end products,tumour necrosis factor signalling pathway,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and other signalling pathways,and involved in the process of blood lipids and atherosclerosis,human cytomegalovirus infection.The molecular docking results confirmed the docking activity of the herbal components with key receptor proteins.Conclusion This study reveals the similarity between the internal and external patented formulas of vitiligo in terms of medication,flavour,and meridian,suggesting that the pathways and indexes such as albumin,interleukin,and tumour necrosis factor of vitiligo patients can be improved by tonifying the liver and kidney,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,which also provides a reference for the research and development of new medicines for vitiligo,patent protection,and the use of clinical prescriptions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors influencing the changes in purchasing quantity in the procurement varieties of the first batch of volume-based drug centralized procurement （hereinafter referred to as centralized procurement）. METHODS Using 25 procurement varieties of the “4+7” policy as research objects， the changes in purchasing quantity of procurement varieties were analyzed before and after the implementation of the “4+7” pilot， renewal and expansion policies. The influential factors were determined from the three levels of drugs， medical institutions and regions； and the multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influential factors for the changes in the purchasing quantity of procurement varieties. RESULTS Before and after the implementation of the “4+7” pilot， renewal and expansion policies， the purchasing quantity increased by 52.1， －0.2， 85.8 ten thousand DDDs on average， compared with base period. During pilot， renewal and expansion period， DDDc decrease in procurement varieties was positively correlated with the increase in purchasing quantity （P＜0.01）. During the pilot and renewal period， the number of absolutely alternative varieties was positively correlated with the increase in purchasing quantity （P＜0.1）. During the pilot and expansion period， the number of alternative varieties to a certain extent was negatively correlated with the increase in purchasing quantity （P＜0.05）. During the renewal period， the increment of purchasing quantity in tertiary hospitals was smaller than that of primary medical institutions （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between the decline of DDDc and the changes in the purchasing quantity， that is， the more the drug price dropped， the more the purchasing quantity increased. The number of alternative varieties for centralized procurement will affect the changes in their purchasing quantity， but it is not always stable. With the implementation of the policy， the volume of primary medical institutions gradually exceeds that of tertiary institutions， indicating that the consumption of centralized purchased varieties is transferred to the primary medical institutions， and centralized procurement has promoted the implementation of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.