Objective To investigate the preoperative identification of esophageal submucosal tumor by endoscope. Methods 40 patients of esophageal submucosal tumors with lesions range from 1.0 to 2.0 cm from March 2012 to August 2016 were randomly divided into A, B groups. Patients in group A underwent submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) 3.0 cm from the lesions, while patients in group B first underwent submucosal injection of saline to mark the lesions, then perform STER in the same way. Then record the time of checking. Results The average time of group A was (420.0 ± 25.0) s, the average time of B group was (300.0 ± 25.0) s, there was statistical differences between the two groups. Conclusion Preoperative identification of the lesions before STER holds more advantages.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of clopidogrel in human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) injury.MethodsSet up GES-1 cells monolayer culture model.Then the GES-1 cells were divided into negative control group,U0126 intervented group,clopidogrel intervented group and combined intervented group (U0t26 treated firstly then clopidogrel intervented).The cell proliferation and apoptosis in each group was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and Flow cytometry.TheexpressionofphosphorylatedERK1/2ineachgroupwasdetectedby immunocytochemistry method,and the expression quantity of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in each group was measured by western blot.ResultsThe result of MTT assay showed that compared with negative control group,the proliferation of GES-1 cells was inhibited in U0126 group,clopidogrel group and combined intervented group,and the inhibition percentage was 21.8％ ±2.7％,46.3％ ± 3.4％ and 82.9 ％ ± 0.8 ％ respectively ( F=615.556,P =0.000 ).The result of immunocytochemistry indicated that the expression of p-ERK in U0126 group,Clopidogrel group and combined intervented group decreased compared with negative control group,which was 10.80±1.64,7.20± 1.64,4.40±0.89and 1.40±0.55 respecitively (F=49.426,P=0.000).The result of western blot and immunocytochemistry was of the same trend.Conclusion In GES-1 cell model,clopidogrel may injureGES-1 cells through MAPK/EPK signal transduction pathway.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of dilated intercellular space detected by light microscope for non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and erosive esophagitis (RE). Methods A total of 104 subjects were divided into normal control group (n = 20), NERD group (n = 30) and RE group (n = 54).Biopsies were taken at 2-3 cm above the dentate line and were examined by light microscope to calculate the intercellular space and compared between different groups. Results The mean values of intercellular space in RE ( 1.40 ±0. 17 μm) and NERD ( 1.11 ± 0. 14 μm) were significantly higher than that in control group (0.66±0. 18 μm, x2 = 154. 170, P =0.000). But no significant difference was noted between RE and NERD groups ( t = 0. 044, P = 0. 834). The cut-off value of mean intercellular space with light microscope was 0. 89 μm, with sensitivity and specificity at 95.2% and 95.0%, respectively. Conclusion Dilated intercellular space under light microscope can be a sensitive, specific and objective indicator of NERD.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and its mechanism of rebamipide on aspirin-induced injury in human gastric mucosal epithelium cells (GES-1).Methods GES-1 cells monolayer culture model was established in vitro.Then the cells were divided into negative control group,aspirin injured group and combination of rebamipide at different concentration (0.2,0.5,1.0 mrnol/L) and aspirin groups.The cell proliferation,the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of each group were detected.The ultrastructural changes of each group were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) at protein level in the cells of each group were detected by Western blot.Nrf2 interfering suppression test was performed and then the influence of Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the expression of HO-1 protein was observed.One-way analysis of variance was performed for comparison among multi-groups and t-test was used for comparison between the two groups.Results The cell viability of aspirin injured group and combination of rebamipide at different concentration (0.2,0.5,1.0 mmol/L) and aspirin groups were (49.56±3.88)％,(59.34±4.36) ％,(70.79 ± 5.96) ％ and (86.07 ± 5.20) ％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (F=30.634,P＜ 0.01).Compared with aspirin injured group,the content of MDA significantly lowered in combination of rebamipide at different concentration (0.2,0.5,1.0 mmol/L) and aspirin groups ((2.26±0.25) nrnol/rng vs (1.85±0.13) nmol/mg vs (1.62±0.11) nmol/mg vs (1.13±0.15) nmol/mg),and the difference was statistically significant (F=23.821,P＜0.05).Compared with aspirin injured group,the activity of SOD significantly increased in combination of rebamipide at 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L and aspirin groups ((8.49±0.89) U/rng vs (11.50±1.03) U/mg vs (13.74±0.76) U/mg),the difference was statistically significant (F=25.666,P＜0.05).Under TEM,the cell ultrastrucmral was obviously inured in aspirin treated,while rebamipide could relieve the injury.The differences of relative expression quantity of Nrf2 and HO-1 at protein level among combination of rebamipide at 0.2,0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L and aspirin groups and aspirin injured group were statistically significant (0.35±0.04 vs 0.46± 0.05 vs 0.84±0.08 vs 0.15±0.02,0.72±0.09 vs 0.93±0.11 vs 1.29±0.14 vs 0.39±0.07,F=92.550and 38.235,both P＜0.05).After transfected with Nrf2 siRNA,the expression of HO-1 was 0.38±0.04 in aspirin injured group and 0.62±0.08 in combination of rebamipide and aspirin group,which was lower than that before transfection (0.61 ± 0.05,1.33± 0.09),respectively.The differences were statistically significant (t =6.276 and 10.444,both P＜0.05).Conclusion Rebamipide may activate Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and relieve aspiriwinduced oxidative stress in GF1 ceils.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of tongue microbiota in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs).Methods:The tongue coating microbiota of 15 pathologically diagnosed pNENs patients from Nanjing First Hospital between November 2019 and July 2020 were selected, and 15 healthy volunteers were recruited as the healthy control group. Oral pharyngeal swab was used to scrape the tongue coating, and DNA extraction and detection of the tongue coating samples from two groups were performed, 16S rRNA gene high-volume sequencing was applied to analyze the differences on the microbiome. The α and β diversity differences were tested by Chao1 index, Shannon index and principal component analysis, respectively. The inter-group analysis of variances was used to compare the species composition of tongue coating microbiota at the phylum, genus, and species levels between two groups. Differences in dominant bacterial genera between two groups were analyzed by using linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe).Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the types and quantities of tongue coating microbiota in pNENs patients were similar, but the structural composition was significantly different. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria were mainly present in both two groups, but Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were relatively more in pNENs patients compared with healthy groupy with more Bacteroides. The dominant genera of tongue coating microbiota in pNENs patients and healthy individuals included Haemophilus, Neisseria, and Prevotella_7, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Alloprevotella and Veillonella. The relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Alloprevotella, Prevotella and Aggregatibacter in the healthy control group's tongue coating microbiota was higher, while Veillonella had a higher relative abundance in the tongue coating microbiota of pNENs patients. LEfSe results showed that the dominant microflora were Actinobacteria at phylum level and Roseburia at genera level in pNENs patients, which were Aggregatibacter at genera level in healthy group. Conclusions:The distribution of tongue coating microbiota in pNENs patients are different from those in healthy people. The increase in abundance of Actinobacteria and Roseburia, as well as the decrease in abundance of Aggregatibacter, may have potential implications for the diagnosis of pNENs.