To investigate a simple method visualizing neutral glycosphingolipid (N-GSLs) with iodine vapor, N-GSLs were isolated from the normal brain tissue of human by a modificated method of Hakomori, and then analyzed by HPTLC and visualized respectively by spraying aniline-diphenylamine-H 3PO 4 reagent and immersing into a jar full of iodine vapor. The plate should be kept 110℃ for 5 min until the coloration emerged by using the first method,and the N-GSLs were slowly made visible with a blue coloration. The N-GSLs were immediately made visible with a red-brown coloration by using the second method, and the color visible on the plates could emerge again after vaporized. Moreover, the second method was more sensitive than the first. The location of individual N-GSLs was the same by using the two methods. It suggested that a new method for visualizing N-GSLs has been established, it is simple, economic, rapid, innocuity and more sensitive, and the results are reproducible.

In order to study the molecular structure of Glob-N, a glioma inhibitor, Glob-N was separated from the membrane of human type O red blood cells, cow brain and normal human brain tissue respectively. Their structures were identified by using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The results showed that the structure of Glob-N from the membrane of human type O red blood cells was proposed as globotetraosylceramide, while Glob-N from cow brain and normal human brain was globotriaoceramide, and the number of carbon atoms in the ceramide of the Glob-N was 27, 33 and 26 respectively. It suggested that Glob-N is a kind of neutral glycosphingolipids, and its molecular structure is different in different tissues.

Objective To investigate the roles of the activated p38 kinase in cell injury by observation of the effects of hypoxia and burn serum on cardiomyocyte p38 kinase and JNK activation. Methods Phosphorylation of p38 kinase and JNK in primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes before and after hypoxia and burn serum was determined by Western blotting. Effects of pretreatment with SB203580 at the dose of 10 ?mol/L on the changes of phosphorylation of p38 kinase in cardiomyocytes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, cell vitality and apoptosis were investigated, respectively. Results Exposure of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes to hypoxia and burn serum resulted in a rapid and long lasting activation of p38 kinase but no significant activation of JNK. SB203580(10 ?mol/l), a selective inhibitor of p38 kinase, could inhibit p38 kinase activation dramatically, decrease the LDH activity in culture media and cell apoptosis significantly and improve cell vitality. Conclusion In the two stress activated signal pathways of MAPKs family, p38 kinase pathway, but not JNK, is the major pathway activated by hypoxia and burn serum and participates in the cardiomyocyte injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of gastric mucosal blood flow and Na + -K + -ATPase activity on gastric transmucosal potential difference during severe intraperitoneal infection in rats. Methods A rat model of intraperitoneal infection was established by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). Laser Doppler blood flowmeter was used to examine the gastric mucosal blood flow and electric-physiological recorder was applied for measuring gastric mucosal potential difference. Assay of Na + -K + -ATPase activity in gastric mucosal tissue was conducted by biochemistry method. Results Gastric mucosal blood flow(GMBF,mV) in infected group was significantly lower than in control group(43.7?2.8 vs. 57.9?2.7,P

The rabbit model of smoke inhalation injury was employed to study the relationship between the decreased activity of pulmonary surfactant and the development of pulmonary edema in inhalation injury and the therapeutic effects of tetrandrine on pulmonary damages.Aftersmoke inhalation injury,the decreased activity of pulmonary surfactant,hypoxemia.hypercapnia,pulmonary inflammation,and pulmonary edema were seen.Tetrandrine could alleviate the pathological manifestations of the lungs,improve hypoxemia and hypercapnia.and protect the surfactant from being destroyed.These findings imply that tetrandrine plays a protective role on the lungs partly due to its protection of pulmonary surfactant from being destroyed.It was suggested that the inhibition of phospholipase Az by tetrandrine might result in the protection of pulmonary surfactant.

Objective To investigate the changes of gastric mucosal blood flow and intramucosal pH value (pHi) during severe intraperitoneal infection in rats and the related significance. Methods The intraperitoneal infection rat model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Laser Doppler blood flow meter on micro circulation and the vitreous electrode were used to examine the gastric mucosal blood flow and the gastric mucosal pH value, respectively. Results The gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) in the infected group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P

Objective To study the effect of image processing on overall Wiener spectrum (WS) in a computed radiography system. Methods Imaging plate was exposed using conventional X-ray equipment. Overall WS sampling films were made by changing 3 parameters of spatial frequency processing, including frequency rang(RN), frequency type(RT), and degree of enhancement(RE), and by changing 1 of 4 parameters of gradation processing(rotation amount,GA).WS values were calculated by scanning on micro-densimeter for every film proceeded as discrete signal using fast Fourier transform. Results (1) The WS value of subscan direction was 7.26?10 -5 mm 2 when the spatial frequency was 1.0 LP/mm, it was 1.57 times larger than that of scan direction. The WS had peaks under high spatial frequency at sunscan direction. (2) The WS value of RN with 0 at scan direction was 7.90?10 -5 mm 2 when the spatial frequency was 1.0 LP/mm, it was 1.70 times larger than that of RN with 5, and 3.30 times larger than that of RN with 9. (3) The WS value of RE with 1.5 at scan direction was 1.05?10 -4 mm 2when the spatial frequency was 1.0 LP/mm, it was 2.27 times larger than that of RE with 1.0, and 2.92 times larger than that of RE with 0.5. (4) The WS value of GA with 1.5 at scan direction was 1.25?10 -4 mm 2 when the spatial frequency is 1.0 LP/mm, it was 2.70 times larger than that of GA with 0.8. (5) The WS value of RT with T at subscan direction was 9.80?10 -5 mm 2 when the spatial frequency was 1.0 LP/mm, it was 1.02 times larger than that of RT with F, and 1.35 times larger than that of RT with R, and also 1.55 times larger than that of RT with P. Conclusions RN, RE, and GA contributed strongly to Wiener spectra, but the contribution of RT was small. When processing the clinical images, adequate processing parameters should be chosen to reduce the image noise, so as to meet the clinical diagnostic need.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of the change in glucocorticoid receptor in stress-induced gastric ulcer in severely burned rats.

METHODSWistar rats inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness burn were employed as the model. The dynamic postburn change in the glucocorticoid receptor in gastric mucosal tissue and gastric mucosal injury (injury index) were observed.

RESULTSThe gastric mucosal cortisol content increased as of 3 postburn hours (PBHs) and peaked at 12 PBHs. But the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor content in the gastric mucosal cells decreased evidently. In addition, the gastric mucosal injury index increased obviously at 12 and 24 PBHs.

CONCLUSIONThe decrease of gastric mucosal cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor content might be closely related to the stress-induced gastric mucosal injury.

Animals ; Burns ; complications ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; metabolism ; physiology ; Stomach Ulcer ; complications ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; complications

Objective To investigate the relationship of lacunar infarction (LI) and white matter lesion with cognitive impairment in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) Methods Fifty-three patients were diagnosed as SIVD according to the criteria of Erkinjuntti. The symptoms and signs were recorded by an interview and examination, and neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. A semi-automated MRI quantitative method was used to measure the volume of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and the number of LI was counted. Correlation and the partial correlation analysis were performed to examine the relationship of general cognitive function with the volume of WMH and the number of LI. Results The pseudobulbar paralysis symptom and the upper motoneuron injury sign were the most common in these patients (18.9% and 37.7%). Correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the volume of WMH and age (r = 0. 518, P < 0. 05), and there was negative correlcction between mini-metal state examination (MMSE) scures and the volume of WMH (r=-0.514, P<0. 05), After controlling confounding factors, only age was positively correlated with the volume of WMH (r=0. 400, P=0. 004). There were negative correlation between the number of LI, the volume of WMH and MMSE scores(r=-0. 456,-0. 514,-0. 385,-0. 382;all P<0. 05), and the years of education was positively correlated with MMSE scores (r= 0. 518, P< 0. 001). Conclusions Age may not be the main risk factor for cognitive impairment in patients with SIVD. The volume of WMH and the number of LI are independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with SIVD. Patients with severer SIVD or more LI show poorer performance on cognitive function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate relationship between apoptosis of the cardiac myocytes and myocardial dysfunction in severely scalded rats.

METHODSWistar rats inflicted by 40% TBSA III degree scalding were employed as the model. The myocardial tissue was obtained from the left ventricle at different postburn time points. Apoptosis was determined by the determination of myocardial tissue Caspase-3 activity and TUNEL staining (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling). The LVSP (left ventricular systolic pressure), LVEDP (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) and +dp/dtmax (the rate of the rise of left ventricular pressure) and -dp/dtmax (the rate of the fall of left ventricular pressure) were all monitored by four-channel physiological recorder. In addition, myocardial activities of MPO and SOD were detected.

RESULTSThe TUNEL staining of rat myocardial cells was positive at 6 postburn hour (PBH) and reached top level at 12 PBH. The change in Caspase-3 activity was earlier than that of apoptotic morphology and reached peak values at 3 and 6 PBHs. The left ventricular function (systolic and diastolic function) was significantly impaired after the scalding and dropped to the lowest levels at 12 PBHs. The increase in myocardial tissue MPO activity was accompanied by the decrease in SOD activity.

CONCLUSIONMyocardial cellular apoptosis was one of the reasons of postburn myocardial injury in scalded rats. Caspase protease cascade pathway might be involved in the process of apoptosis, which suggested that the initiation of apoptosis was closely related to the infiltration of neutrophils and to the release of large amounts of oxygen free radicals in myocardial tissue.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; pathology ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Ventricular Function, Left