This research is to investigate study the flavonoids from stems of Nelumbo nucifera and the cytotoxic activities of iso- lated compounds. The constituents were separated by column chromatography,and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytoxic activities by MTT method. Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as rhamnazin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), luteolin-3', 4'-dimethylether-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin-3,3'-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone (5), isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(6) , kaempferol(7), isorhamnetin (8), quercetin(9), astragalin(10), hyperoside (11) and 1-hy- droxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone(12). All compounds were isolated from stems of this plant for the first time, and compounds 1-5 were firstly isolated from the family nelumbonaceae. Compounds 24 and 6 showed significant cytotoxic activities against BEL-7402 carcinoma cell lines at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) with the inhibitory rate of 67.36%, 53.25%, 57.78%, 60.13% and 52.11%, respectively.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Nelumbo ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

This study is to study is to investigate the coumarins from Fruit of Cnidium monnieri and their cytotoxic activities. The constituents were separated by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytoxic activities by MTT method. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as osthole (1), bergaptan (2), xanthotoxol (3), xanthotoxin (4), imperatorin (5), isopimpinellin (6), osthenol (7), psoralen (8), 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (9), oxypeucedaninhydrate (10), and swietenocoumarin F (11). Compounds 7, 9-11 were isolated from the Cnidium genus for the first time. Compounds 1,5,10 and 11 showed significant cytotoxic activities against L1210 cell lines at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) with inhibitory rates of were 70.13, 63.10, 55.77, and 75.08% respectively.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cnidium ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Fruit ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Mice ; Molecular Structure

SUMMARY Anaphylaxis is an acute and fatal systemic allergic reaction to an allergen , and it could be an unpre-dictable and life-threatening cause during anesthesia .The main purpose of this paper is to report a case of anaphy-lactic shock during the anesthesia induction and to review the prophylaxis and treatment of anaphylactic reactions and anaphylactoid reactions during the anesthesia period .A 63-year-old man, with a mass on his adrenal , was scheduled to a laparoscopic adrenal tumor excision .During the anesthesia induction period , after administrated sul-fentanil, propofol and rocuronium , the blood pressure was decreased and the heart rate was increased .Then, the patient had rash on his whole body and developed an anaphylactic shock .After being treated with the anti-allergic agents and norepinephrine , the rash disappeared and the vital sign become stable .The patient felt nothing uncom-fortable during the two weeks ’ follow-up.Anaphylactic reactions and anaphylactoid reactions are not rare during the anesthesia period .The most common inducements are muscle relaxant , latex and antibiotics .Anaphylactic reac-tions in the perioperative period are often serious and potentially life-threatening conditions , involving multiple or-gan systems in which the clinical manifestations are the consequence of the release of preformed mediators from mast cells and basophils .Before anesthesia , we should acquire the allergic history .During the anesthesia period , the vi-tal sign and the skin should be observed carefully .

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Qingxiang Concentrated Pill (QCP) on mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) in rats. Methods Injection of estradiol were given to establish rat models of MGH and QCP was given QCP at the same time. Pathologic changes of mammary gland in rats were observed under light microscope. Changes of breast diameter, mammary gland volume and weight were measured; serum sex hormones levels, SOD activity and MDA content were also estimated. Results QCP could decrease the increased breast diameter, mammary gland volume and weight, reduce the numbers of mammary gland lobules and mammary acini and the diameter of acinar cavities. It could also decrease eatradiol level and MDA content in serum, inhibit the decrease of the coefficient of thymus and increase the serum progesterone level. Conclusion QCP can regulate sex hormone levels, inhibit lipid peroxidation and relieve the pathologic changes of mammary gland in MGH rats.

Objective To discuss the mechanostat of bone remodeling under dynamic loads. Methods By analysis on mechanostat of bone remodeling and absorption from the idea of mechanical fatigue strength theory, the mechanostat of bone remodeling under dynamic loads was developed. Damage was selected as the mechanical stimulus under dynamic loads and the model of bone remodeling under dynamic loads was proposed. Physical exercise for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis was simulated to analyze the biomechanical phenomenon why the osteogenesis effect under dynamic loads seems better than that under static loads. Results The biomechanical phenomenon as mentioned above was reasonably explained. An increase of 10%-30% in physical exercise could cause an increase of 3.13%-8.61% in bone mineral density. Conclusions The mechanostat of bone remodeling under dynamic loads will provide theoretical guidance for using mechanical vibration to treat or prevent diseases related to bone metabolism, which is the supplement and improvement for mechanostat of bone remodeling.

Objective To develop a mechanobiological model of bone remodeling based on stress state at cellular and molecular level. Methods Through analysis of bone remodeling process and mechanical stimulus from an engineering perspective, as well as absorption from the idea of mechanical strength design theory, the equivalent stress as the mechanical stimulus and the appropriate calculation formula of mechanical stimulus based on stress state were selected to propose a mechanobiological model of bone remodeling based on stress state at the cellular and molecular level. The model was then used to simulate bone remodeling of alveolar bone in orthodontics. Results The reduction of the vascular porosity and increase of bone mass appeared in tensile stress area, while vascular porosity increased and bone mass reduced in compression stress area, which was consistent with the features of alveolar bone. Conclusions The mechanobiological model of bone remodeling based on stress state at cellular and molecular level considered the effect of stress state on failure forms of bone tissues, embodied bone remodeling as a cellular automaton optimization process under mechanical stimulus, which would contribute to investigating effects of stress state on bone remodeling at the cellular and molecular level. The study is a supplement and improvement of bone remodeling theory and will provide theoretical guidance for treatment of orthodontics.

OBJECTIVEThe traditional gracilis musculocutaneous flap is supplied by a branch of deep femoral artery, which enters the muscle in between the upper and middle third of it. So the flap barely reaches the pelvis and perineum region for reconstruction. By exploring the blood supply pattern we tried to rotate the flap Upon at the higher point starting at the obturator foramen in order to let it cover a bigger area.

METHODSanatomical reviewing of the blood supply of the gracilis branches of obturator, medial femoral circumflex and deep femoral arteries. Based on this a new type of longitudinal gracilis musculocutaneous flap supported only by the obturator artery was designed to reach the pelvis, female genitalia, pubic symphysis, inguinal area easily.

RESULTSThe new kind of flap has been applied to 9 patients for deformity repairing and tissue replacement in the pelvic and perineal area. All the flaps survived and achieved satisfactory result with 3 months to 3 years' follow up.

CONCLUSIONSLongitudinal gracilis musculocutaneous flaps supplied by the obturator artery can be used as regular musculocutaneous flap clinically.

OBJECTIVETo compare enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) and explore their roles in the auxiliary diagnosis of initial pulmonary tuberculosis.

METHODSTotally 123 patients with initial pulmonary tuberculosis (tuberculosis group) and 102 patients with non-tuberculosis pulmonary disease (control group) were enrolled. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all participants were co-cultured with early secretiny antigen target-6/culture filtrate protein-10 fusion protein (ESAT-6/CFP-10), and spot forming cells (SFCs) were enumerated by ELISPOT (ESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT). TST was also performed simultaneously.

RESULTSESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT showed significantly higher numbers of SFCs after stimulation in tuberculosis group than in control group (P = 0.000). The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT were 91.1% (111/123), 81.4% (82/102), 4.60, 0.12, 0.85, and 0.87 respectively, while the above values of TST were 65.6% (59/90), 45.1% (46/102), 1.31, 0.76, 0.51, and 0.60, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT were significantly higher than those of TST (all P = 0.000). The number of SFCs were not significantly different between smear-positive tuberculosis subgroup and smear-negative tuberculosis subgroup (P = 0.166). The sensitivities were 91.8% (67/73) and 88.0% (44/50) in these two subgroups, respectively, (P = 0.448).

CONCLUSIONSESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT may be a more accurate approach for the auxiliary diagnosis of initial pulmonary tuberculosis; meanwhile, it offers certain diagnostic evidences for smear-negative tuberculosis. However, its specificity may be affected by latent tuberculosis infection. On the contrary, TST has poor value in the auxiliary diagnosis of initial pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To evaluate the laparoscopic management in diagnosing and treating small intestinal stromal tumors.MethodsSeventeen patients with small intestinal stromal tumors,who underwent laparoscopic diagnosis and surgical procedures,were retrospectively analyzed with the size of tumor,operative time,blood loss,length of incision,time for passage of flatus,post-operative hospital stay,operative complications and result of follow-up.Results All the 17 patients were diagnosed and treated by laparoscopic partial intestinal resections.The mean diameter of tumors was(3.6?1.3)cm,operative time(62.1?25.7)min,blood loss(17.1?15.2)mL,length of incision(3.4?1.1)cm,time for passage of flatus(2.2?1.2)d and post-operative hospital stay(7.8?2.0)d.As for the complications,one(5.9%)anastomosis bleeding was found and was treated by non-surgical procedure.After follow-up for 2-34 months,no recurrent tumor was found.Conclusion Laparoscopic exploration is useful to diagnose small intestinal stromal tumor accurately,and laparoscopic partial intestinal resection is a safe,effective and less invasive procedure for small intestinal stromal tumors.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of laparoscopic local resection for gastric tumors.Methods Twenty-three patients with gastric tumors who were performed laparoscopic gastric local resection were retrospectively analyzed with the size of tumor,location of tumor,operative time,blood loss during the operation,time for passage of flatus,post-operative hospital stay,operative complications,post-operative pathological findings and result of follow-up.Results Twenty-three patients were successfully performed laparoscopic local resection,including 8 laparoscopic wedge resection(LWR)and 15 intragastric mucosal resections(IGMR),with no conversion to open surgery.The mean size of gastric tumor was(2.8?1.3)cm,the mean operative time was(82.2?35.5)min,the mean blood loss was(26.5?15.3)mL,the length of incision was(3.1?1.1)cm,the time for passage of flatus was(2.1?0.9)d,and the mean post-operative hospital stay was(7.8?2.0)d.Two patients(8.7%)were found with postoperative gastric mucosal blee-ding and were recovered well through non-operative treatment.The median time of follow-up was 12 months(2-45 months),and no recurrent tumor was observed.Conclusion Laparoscopic local resection is a feasible,safe,effective and less invasive procedure for gastric tumors.